ТРАКТОВКИ ХАДИСА О РАСКОЛЕ УММЫ В ТРУДАХ ТАТАРСКИХ РЕФОРМАТОРОВ ИСЛАМА

Author(s): Damir Adgamovich Shagaviev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

The article deals with the opinions of Tatar theologists who were the representatives of the so-called Jadidism – a reformatory movement of Tatar Muslims that took place in the 19th and early 20th centuries – in relation to the Prophet Muhammad’s saying about the schism in his community and the afterlife salvation of only one of its groups. The analysis is based on the theological works of four prominent Tatar scholars of Islam: A. Kursavi, Sh. Marjani, R. Fakhretdinov, and M. Bigiev. These works are studied in chronological order to reveal the evolution of the views concerning the entire Muslim reformatory movement among the Tatars in general. In addition, the question as to whether the Tatar theological heritage can foster tolerance among modern Muslims is considered.

MODERN TÜRK TARİHÇİLİĞİNDE TÜRKLERİN MÜSLÜMAN OLUŞU

Author(s): M. Serkan Taflioğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2012

In the social and the humanitarian sciences, throughout the historical process, presenting the concepts and the facts is one of the most hard issue. The core reason of this meanwhile studying the facts and the concepts are evaluated in varied perspectives. Convertion Turks to Islam is not an exception.Convertion of Turks in such a extensive area occured afterwards hundred years. Perception and discourse of the Historians in transfering the knowledge to the generations are vital. In our study we try to set forth How the contemporary Turkish historians analyze the convertion of Turks.

ŞEKİ TÜRBELERİ

Author(s): Cəmalə Arif Səfərova / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 15/2012

The sacred places have the special and undeniable place in the history of Turkic peoples’ beliefs. The religious beliefs and faiths as a part of moral culture have been saved and preserved by people throughout the centuries until our time. One of the ancient cities of Azerbaijan, Shaki, is among those historical cities which are still linked to their religious roots and reflect their material and moral cultures nowadays. During ethnographic research in the city, religious affection drew our attention among its local characteristics, which differed it from many other cities of Azerbaijan. In general, during the Soviet times, not only there was no attention to researches of places for pilgrimages in Azerbaijan, called “hearths” and “pirs” (sacred places) among population, but also actions were taken to erase such values from history and the people’s memories. For this purpose, “Commission against religion” was set in 1924. The magazine named “Allahsiz” (Godless) was published and distributed to all regions and villages of Azerbaijan. Starting from 1920s and 1930s atheist ideology was widely propagated and numerous actions were taken to reduce the influence of Islam. People were, under compulsion, drifted apart from their ancient customs and traditions, hijabs and papakhs (male headdress) were forbidden, Koran and other religious books were burnt, mosques were converted into barns, warehouses and dance floors. Sayyids, mullahs, and other representatives of religion were persecuted, praying people were punished and those maintaining resistance were exiled. However, people were secretly following their faith and are currently free to practice all the values they had once preserved.

İRAN TÜRK SAFEVİ DEVLETİ’NİN KURULUŞU VE TÜRK TARİHİNE STRATEJİK ETKİSİ

Author(s): M. Serkan Taflioğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 13/2012

Safevi devletinin kuruluşu, daha önceki İslam ordularının İran coğrafyasına girişi ve Moğol istilaları gibi tarihin önemli olaylarından kabul edilmektedir. İslam sonrası dönemde ilk defa olarak İran toprakları bir Türk hükümdar altında birliğini sağlamıştır. Bölgenin önemli uzmanlarına göre Safevi devleti ideal bir Türk Devletidir.177 Bunun ardından günümüzdeki modern manada olmasa da İranlılık kavramı tekrar bir kimlik olarak ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Şah İsmail, Oniki İmam Şiiliğini devletin resmi mezhebi yaparak, Sünni Osmanlı ve Özbek devletlerine karşı kendi devletini ideolojik olarak ayakta tutacak ve onlara karşı bir mücadele edecek bir unsur sağlamış oluyordu. Toynbee, Tarih Üzerine Çalışma adlı eserinde bu ortaya çıkışı, Şiiliğin dirilişi ve İslam tarihinde bir sapma olarak değerlendirmektedir.178 Şüphesiz ki Anadolu ve İran’daki Türkmen unsuruna dayanan Safevi devletinin kuruluşunu incelerken Osmanlı devleti ile olan ilişkileri değerlendirmek bir nevi mecburiyettir. Safevi devletinin kuruluş felsefesi ve dış siyaseti gereği ilk hedefi Anadolu ve Osmanlı Türk hakimiyetidir. Bu bağlamda kuruluş esnasında temel sorunlar Osmanlı Türk Devleti ile yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ise Safevi devletinin kuruluşunun Türk ve Bölge jeopolitiği üzerine etkisi ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.

Караджа паша джамия в Гоце Делчев – историографски разказ и документални реалии

Author(s): Damian Borisov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

By comparing the historiographical narrative of Karadzha Pasha Mosque in Gotse Delchev and content of the documents on which it was built, this article raises several questions, the answers to which give cause for rethinking the facts.

НИКИТА ХОНИАТ СРЕЩУ МАНУИЛ I КОМНИН: ПОЛЕМИКА, СВЪРЗАНА С ИСЛЯМА, В КОНТЕКСТА НА ВИЗАНТИЙСКАТА ТРАДИЦИЯ

Author(s): Dimitar Yordanov Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Byzantine society had very complex relations with the Islamic Eastern neighbors. Islam, to be sure, started and continued to be menace for Byzantium for the all long eighth centuries they used to coexist. However, Byzantine society needed a certain period of time to accept Islam as another religion, standing against Christianity in the East. After the first Byzantine revenge acts against Judaism a long tradition was formed with two main streams. The first of them envisaged Islam as a demoniac pseudo-religion (or anti-religion), the second being milder and ready to accept the Islamic neighbors not as a whole, but rather as different states, culturally not so different from Byzantium, with diplomacy playing role for keeping balance in the East. Thus, the Byzantine Real politik appeared as a phenomenon, what provoked crusaders to accuse Byzantium as being traitor to the Christian cause in the East. In that context should we pose the interesting incident at the end of Manuel I Komnenos’ reign (1143 – 1180). Both Church and society were provoked by the decision of the Emperor to lift up the anathemas against Allah from the trivial ritual of denouncing Islam. This formula was used generally by Muslims who converted to Christianity for whatever reason. Manuel sent twice tomoi for approval, provoking no less than an angry reaction in the Church and society. Thus, two main concepts made a stand against each other, a more traditional one and another, more practical, political, if not to say tolerant. For Manuel and his followers, who were not missing, as we know from Choniates, the doctrine of Muhammadwas just a deviation, untrue enough, of the unified Biblical tradition implying, anyhow, the existence of one and only God, Creator of the world. His opponents, Choniates being definitely among them, refused even to listen to such an interpretation. This radically harsh view on Islam corresponded with the anathemas against Islam in Choniates’ Treasure of Orthodoxy. Although in that particular case Choniates took side with the traditional opposition against the Emperor, in his History he used to be more delicate observer of Muslims, especially when comparing them with the Latins who became “champions” of his wrath.

SEMPRE FORTI ALLA SANTA FEDE – CONFESSIONAL DISCOURSE ON RELIGIOUS CONFORMITY IN THE CATHOLIC SOURCES CONCERNING OTTOMAN BALKANS (17th AND 18th C.)

Author(s): Rafael Dorian Chelaru / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The present article explores some of the main features of the confessional discourse present in the ecclesiastic sources dealing with Catholicism in Early Modern Ottoman Balkans (particularly Bosnia and Albania) with a special stress on the issue of religious conformity. Our conclusion is that the Catholic clergy, although aware of the various local conditions and demonstrating often a solid knowledge of their subjects’ minds, operated with a confessional mindset embedded with the Tridentine norms.

Проф. дин Любомир Миков на 70 години

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

Anniversary

Gypsies in Ottoman Empire according to the 16th–17th Centuries Bursa and Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records

Author(s): Ömer Düzbakar / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2016

Various ethnical groups such as Armenians, Greeks, Jews and Assyrians who lived within the borders of the Ottoman Empire have been subjects to several researches. Unfortunately, the available researches done about the ethnical group called Gypsies are so few that they cannot even be compared to the researches available for other ethnical groups. The expression “Half Nation”, which is frequently used to identify the Gypsies who had been casted away from the society because of their life styles, is maybe the most important expression used to describe gypsies’ position in the society. This study, which is based on the 16th–17th centuries Bursa and Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records, aims to put forward the position of the Gypsies in the Ottoman society and the empire’s attitude towards the gypsies. I owe my thanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdulmecit MUTAF who helped me have access to Balıkesir Shari’a Court Records and to İsmail TORACI who shaped my research with his precious opinions.

Спомени за погребалните обичаи на мюсюлманите по време на комунизма

Author(s): Sevim Kurtchu / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

The article presents funeral rites of Muslims in Bulgaria during the period of socialism. The author held fieldwork in the region of Kubrat (Northern Bulgaria). Memories about official communist policies are explored in terms of atheistic assimilatory communist policies.

Мистичните братства на хетеродоксните мюсюлмани в религиозния живот и конфесионални отношения в Румелия през ХV–XVI век

Author(s): Krasimira Moutafova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2011

Based on published and unpublished Ottoman documents, narrative sources and results from terrain researches of the author, an attempt is made to be followed the place and role of the mystical brotherhoods of heterodox Muslims in religious life and confessional relations in Rumeli during the 15th–16th centuries. On the basis of the local centers of religious life are outlined the correlations of these brotherhoods with the central authority and local population during the establishment of the Ottoman rule on the Balkans and in the new socio-political conditions and social atmosphere during 16th century. Special attention is paid to the role of the so-called uthraquistic (dual sanctuaries) in the confessional relations between Christians and Muslims in urban and rural patriarchal environment.

Принос към изследванията на салафизма

Author(s): Yordan Peev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Book Review

The Emergence of Turkish Ḥurūfism in the 15th Century Anatolia and its Reflection in the Early Ottoman Literature

Author(s): Slobodan Ilić / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2020

After the notorious persecution of its Khurasani protagonists, profiting from the political and ideological vacuum of the interregnum and the upsurge of the Shiite propaganda of the late 15th century, the Hurufi teaching penetrated Eastern and Central Anatolia, partly disguised under the tenets of different Batini indoctrinated groups, making these regions by the end of the century, its new stronghold. The main stage of the events became the Ottoman lands. Particularly in the years after the Ankara disaster of 1402, Asia Minor and the Balkans became a fertile soil for all unorthodox doctrines, especially those, like Hurufi one, nurturing apocalyptic or messianic expectations. Simultaneously, Persian and the Gurgani vernacular retreated before the Anatolian Turkish as its written medium. The paper concentrates on the exegetical attempts of the second generation of Fażl Allāh Astarābādī (d. 1394)’s disciples, in particular the first Turkish translations and commentaries on his seminal works.

Prikaz vjerskih običaja Bošnjaka iz životnog ciklusa

Author(s): Elvir Duranović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2020

The series of events in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the early 1990s had an undeniable impact on society and contributed significantly to rupturing the continuity of popular and religious customs. In the meantime, social openness means that Bosniaks are increasingly exposed to religious and cultural influences from both the East and West. This situation has made it exceptionally diffcult to preserve the continuity of Bosniak religious customs. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the refraction of intercultural and inter-muslim influences in Bosnia and Herzegovina is reflected in Bosniak religious customs. The author therefore examines a selection of Bosniak religious customs related to the lifecycle: the birth of a child, marriage, and death, all of which show Bosniaks cleaving strongly to the regulations of Islam, with a gradual adoption of Western attainments and cultural values.

MUSLIMANSKI TEOLOŠKO-FILOZOFSKI DOPRINOS RAZVOJU EUROPSKOG KULTURNOG IDENTITETA

Author(s): Adnan Silajdžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2011

In this paper we discuss the Muslim contribution to the development of European culture. Meeting with European nations of the Middle Ages (Sicily and Spain) Muslims spurred a strong impetus to their scientific and cultural development. The first section briefly presents the Muslim-Christian experience of intercultural exchange and mutual influence of trends in the process of formation of classical Islamic and medieval Christian culture and civilization.

Cristina Feneșan, Convertiri la islam în spațiul carpato-dunărean (secolele XV-XIX)

Author(s): Ligia Boldea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Cristina Feneșan, Convertiri la islam în spațiul carpato-dunărean (secolele XV-XIX), Editura Militară, București, 2020, 466 pag.

The Spiritual Path to Celestial Symphony: Rambam, Abraham Ben Moses Ben Maimon, Moses Ben Shem Tov De Leon, Abū Sa‘īd Al-kharrāz

Author(s): Silviu Lupaşcu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

During the Ayyubide dynasty (1171-1260), founded by the sultan Saladin or Salah-ad-din (1137-1193), the son of Moses ben Maimon, Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon (1186-1237), followed his father as leader of the Jewish community in Egypt, nagid (Hebrew), al-raʼīs or al-rayyis (Arabic). In accordance with the analysis of Elisha Russ-Fishbane, Abraham ben Moses ben Maimon, in the work The Sufficient [Guide] for the Servants of God, continued Moses ben Maimon’s arguments in Moreh nevukhim on prophetic gift as reaching human perfection. Unlike his father, who used as bibliographic background the system of thought whereby Al-Fārābī (ca. 870-950) had evinced ontological continuity due to which divine inspiration animates the political ideal of the “king philosopher” as a hypostasis of reason and the theocratic ideal of the “legislator-prophet-imām” as a hypostasis of imagination, Abraham opted for a limited proximity to the mystic theology of medieval Sufism.

Shifting the Telos of Travel and Intercultural Brokerage through Islamic Diplomacy: Ahmad ben Mohamed al-Kerdoudi’s Embassy to Nineteenth-Century Spain

Author(s): Achraf G-Idrissi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article sheds light on the art of travel in the Islamic Maghreb, particularly with reference to diplomacy. While the traditional formation of travel came to be associated with an Islamic phenomenology, this paper argues that in the modern period the art of travel in the Islamic Maghreb underwent a paradigmatic shift in terms of its purposes and poetics. The first pertains to the expansion of its telos from an exclusively experiential religious horizon to the negotiation of various secular, particularly political undertakings.The second relates to the critical situatedness of travellers/diplomats as they navigated the ethical acuities of pursuing representational faithfulness while also doing their best not to hurt the sensibilities of the Moroccan Sultan or the interests of the state which they represented. Within the Moroccan ambassador Ahmad al-Kerdoudi’s travelogue about nineteenth-century Spain, the enterprise of intercultural mediation reflects the porousness of the Mediterranean world not only in the spheres of theology and culture but also in that of diplomacy.

Красимира Мутафова. Религия и идентичност (християнство и ислям) по българските земи в османската документация от ХV–ХVІІІ век.

Author(s): Gergana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Муслим ал-Найсабури и методът на ислямската религиозно-правна традиция

Author(s): Desislava Vladimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023