Pokus o vymezení imanentní sémantiky jezera

Author(s): Žoržeta Čolakova / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1-2/2010

The article analyzes the presence of the lake in the Antiquity and in the Bible, as well as the literary tradition related to them until the end of the 18th century. The study of the semantic ontology of the image shows that at this time it still does not have its own range of imagery. It will be outlined and actively interpreted for the first time by Romanticism. The ancient concept of the world as being of constantly changing shapes prefers the variations in the image of flowing water (river, stream) and endless water space (ocean, sea) that reflects the world’s cosmogony. Lake has rather narrow but nevertheless clearly outlined semantic field that refers to chthonic or transitive space. Exactly as an entrance to the world of the dead it is toponomically identified in the name of Lake Avernus. We find identical meaning of the lake also in the Bible text. The background of the references in the Old and the New Testament highlights its infernal projection in the Revelation as “the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone”. This is the only case where different Bible translations do not substitute the image with another hypostasis of water. Observations also show that while the outside empirical world is axiologized in various ways, the biblical mind, just like the ancient one, perceives the lake as a transcendent topos. Representative examples from literary works and art illustrate that the artistic mind strictly follows the eschatological interpretation of the lake and as a result the image is either missing or has quite marginal presence as a part of the landscape. The special attention Romanticism pays to the image of the lake has to be explained not merely with its interest in commensuration of human intersubjectivity with the whole universe, but first and foremost with the metaphysical approach of romantic authors to the mysterious and impenetrable depths of being.

Critica textuală a Bibliei ebraice în era electronică. Avantaje și dezavantaje ale utilizării instrumentelor electronice

Author(s): Emanuel Tov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Since the 1970’s computers are used in the service of textual research and much has been achieved, but there are also drawbacks to the electronic advancement. This paper discusses the conceptual drawbacks for the study of textual criticism. It is also suggested that the use of computers may result in the loss of certain learning skills. The abuse of computers also led to the development of a branch of pseudo-research, and finally, the trustworthiness of electronic tools, especially Wikipedia, is discussed.

Society of Biblical Literature Commentary on Septuagint of Daniel: The Old Greek and Theodotion

Author(s): Daniel Olariu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper aims to briefly introduce the Society of Biblical Literature Commentary on Septuagint of Daniel. The commentary is designed to elucidate the meaning of the Old Greek (OG-Dan) and Theodotion (Th-Dan) versions, using a text-as-produced methodology. The application of this methodology to Septuagint Daniel affords unique insights, in which both the challenges and the opportunities are simultaneously present. As such, this paper highlights three directions of investigation that underscore the complexity of our task: the character to Th-Dan as a revision; the special nature of OG-Dan 4–6, which presupposes a parallel Semitic edition which differs from MT; and the Additions to Daniel of whose Semitic underlying texts are lost.

„Călcâiul ridicat” al lui Iuda din Ioan 13, 18: o veche greșeală de traducere?

Author(s): Călin Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

This investigation aims to determine whether in the case of Judas' heel lifted against Jesus in John 13, 18 one can really speak about the proper sense of the phrase, expressing violence. At a more thorough look, we can easily find arguments to say it is rather a calque, one which led to frequent misinterpretations of the verse. In the quotation John gives there, Septuagint had rendered the Hebrew for 'heel' with the Greek for 'craft', which meant that it recognized a metonymy which describes a nonviolent meaning. The biblical meaning of the 'heel' may go beyond the literal sense (the anatomic back part of the foot), to include grasping someone by that anatomic part, in order to deceive him. Credible grounds in the Patristic tradition and in modern exegesis are in favour of revising the translation of the verse, according to this wider meaning. Some English and Greek biblical editions already did this, whereas the Romanian New Testament can rely on the solutions provided by the previous versions of the Old Testament.

SCENY BIBLIJNE NA ŚREDNIOWIECZNYCH PIECZĘCIACH ŚLĄSKICH PROBOSZCZÓW

Author(s): Jagn Rita SOBEL / Language(s): Polish Issue: 118/2022

This article deals with the appearance of biblical scenes on the medieval seals of Silesian parish priests, which is one of the least examined areas of sigillography. Six imprints from the 13th through 15th centuries are analysed, belonging to Wojslaw, the parish priest of Otmuchow; Bertold, the parish priest of Nowy Kosciol; Stefan, the parish priest of Nysa; Jan, the parish priest of Wegry; Tomasz, the parish priest of Strzelin; and Jan Bawde, the parish priest of St Peter’s Church in Legnica. The above-mentioned analysis confirms the adoption of biblical scenes on parish sigils. Moreover, all six cases exhibit references to the New Testament. Five of the seals show events known from the Gospel: the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary or the baptism of Jesus (the only reproduction available today is blurry, preventing a clear interpretation of the image it represents), the Flight into Egypt, the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ and his meeting with St Thomas. One of the imprints portrays the scene of Archangel Michael’s Battle with the Dragon as it is described in the Apocalypse of St John. The iconography of those sigils is related to the iconosphere that surrounded its disposers. Such a measure proved that a parish priest’s choice of sigil image was not always influenced by the patrocinium of his parish church; sometimes the images represented only their personal piety. However, the scarcity of those relics proves that they are exceptions among the seals of Silesian parish priests.

Библейские образы в поэзии Ф.И. Тютчева и А.А. Фета

Author(s): Iaroslava Rizea / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2006

Articolul tratează despre imaginile biblice prezente în creaţia celor doi poeţi romantici. Poezia lor are ca fundament credinţa în esenţa divină a lumii şi exprimă valori fundamentale ale moralei creştine. Deşi în lirica lui Tiutcev, elementele păgâne coexistă cu cele religioase, vectorul ei principal este orientat spre divinitate, spre căutarea Creatorului în creaţia Sa. Fet, la rândul său, renumit cântăreţ al naturii, autor al unor miniaturi lirice de mare sensibilitate poetică, scrie sonete închinate Maicii Domnului, prelucrări poetice ale rugăciunilor Ave Maria, Tatăl nostru şi transpune în versuri episodul ispitirii Mântuitorului în pustiu, din Evanghelia după Ioan (cap. 8: 1-11). Prin elegiile sale filosofice, Fet aparţine tradiţiei spiritual-creştine, începută de Puşkin şi Gogol şi continuată de Dostoievski, Soloviov, Ahmatova ş. a.

Papież Benedykt XVI, Mystagogia Benedicti. Wprowadzenie w tajemnice roku liturgicznego. Objawienie Pańskie. Od drugiej Niedzieli po Bożym Narodzeniu do święta Ofiarowania Pańskiego, red. ks. Andrzej Demitrów, Biskupów 2020

Author(s): Andrzej Sebastian Jasiński OFM / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2021

Papież Benedykt XVI, Mystagogia Benedicti. Wprowadzenie w tajemnice roku liturgicznego. Wielka Noc Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego. Niedziela Zmartwychwstania i Oktawa Wielkanocy, red. ks. Andrzej Demitrów, Biskupów 2021

Author(s): Andrzej Sebastian Jasiński OFM / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2021

Atti del settimo convegno RBS. International Studies on Biblical & Semitic Rhetoric, F. Graziano – R. Meynet – B. Witek (ed.), Seria: RBSem 30, Leuven: Peeters 2021

Author(s): Jerzy Bosowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2021

CALEA CELUI NEBUN ESTE DREAPTĂ ÎN OCHII LUI... (PILDE 12, 15)

Author(s): Constantin Jinga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7-9/2021

The author analyzes the biblical lexemes for „mad / madness”, from both the Old and New Testaments. The paper highlights the meanings of these lexemes and the very diverse and complex realities they cover.

JUDEN UND CHRISTEN IM ANTIKEN ROM. EIN PARADIGMENWECHSEL UND SEINE WIRKUNG AUF DIE ENTWICKLUNG DER JÜDISCH-CHRISTLICHEN BEZIEHUNGEN

Author(s): Marko Jovanović / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2020

Bis ins 20. Jahrhundert wurde die jüdische materielle Kultur aus der Zeit des antiken Roms als irrelevant für die Interpretation und das Verständnis der Entstehung des Christentums betrachtet. Erst in den vergangenen Jahren kam es zu einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Wahrnehmung des komplexen Verhältnisses zwischen Juden und Christen in der Antike. Bis heute jedoch ringen Wissenschaftler um eine angemessene Terminologie, die diese sehr komplexen historischen Beziehungen angemessen beschreiben könnte.

NONVIOLENCE IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. AN ORTHODOX-HERMENEUTICAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Christos Karakolis / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2021

This study discusses the problem of the incompatibility between ethnocentric tendencies within the national Orthodox churches and the New Testament teaching on nonviolence. The three main parts outline the relevant New Testament teaching (1) in the four Gospels and the book of Acts, (2) in the Pauline epistles, and (3) in John’s Revelation. The study concludes that in the New Testament texts, there is no room for the justification of violence on the part of Christ-followers against their opponents. Quite on the contrary, the New Testament views the world as having the potential to become ecclesia, and the “other” as a possible sister or brother in Christ. Unfortunately, this fundamental New Testament teaching is often forgotten in modern-day Orthodoxy, notwithstanding its claims for unbroken continuity with the apostolic tradition. As an example, the Greek-Orthodox church oftentimes emphasizes national identity and heroism over ecclesial faith and ethos. Although understandable, such ethnocentric tendencies clearly contradict the New Testament witness and should be abandoned.

Teologia dziecięca jako teologia dla dzieci

Author(s): Adam Kalbarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The contemporary concept of religious education features a postulate which says that when talking with children about God, children should be treated as the subject of theological reflection. It is because children can “go on” about God, theologize, create their own theodicy and interpret the world around them in their own way. On the basis of such experiences and postulates, a new theological discipline called children’s theology – practised for many years at universities in western Europe – was created. One can distinguish its three interrelated aspects: theology of children, i.e. their own theological reflection, children’s independent theologizing; theology with children, i.e. joint theologizing involving adults and children, asking theological questions and answering them; theology for children, i.e. deduction-free introduction of children to academic theology. The third dimension is not well developed theoretically. The present article outlines a discourse on its essence, criteria for the selection of contents and the way of their conveyance, as well as its significance for such areas of practical theology as catechetics or homiletics.

Antropologia adhortacji Familiaris consortio

Author(s): Jarosław Merecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The author starts from the statement, that contrary to the ancient and medieval thought, the modern thought considered conflict as the original and natural state of human coexistence (Hobbes, Marx, Sartre). In the biblical anthropology, which constitutes a point of reference for John Paul II in his exhortation Familiaris Consortio, the original truth of man is not expressed in the model of conflict, but on the contrary, conflict arises as a result of the betrayal of the original truth, which is the unity of man and woman. In the biblical vision of human relationships, therefore, the starting situation, the experience in which the primordial truth of man is expressed, is not a relationship of conflict, but a man-woman relationship in which two persons affirm their humanity not by submitting the other to their own will, but by the gift of themselves that they make to one another. In the anthropology of the exhortation Familiaris Consortio, marriage and family are the privileged place where human beings experience belonging and gift.

Екзегетичні польськомовні маркери в моделюванні обра-зів духовного й матеріального світів у системі біблійної герменевтики української барокової літератури

Author(s): Nataliia Levchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 7/2022

Biblical hermeneutics, compiled and developed by both the Western and Eastern Church Fathers, played an essential role in the formation of Ukrainian baroque literature. The binary opposition of images of the spiritual and material worlds in the system of biblical hermeneutics of Ukrainian baroque literature is considered, based on examples of Ukrainian and Polish works by Lazar Baranovych, Innokenty Gizel, Ioanniki Galyatovsky, Stefan Yavorsky, Danylo Tuptalo, Anthony Radyvilovsky, Gregory Skovoroda and others, who unanimously conclude that the choosing of God and his Wisdom is the source of earthly comfort and human happiness.

The Firmament and its ornaments, an introduction in the art of the Portals of Wooden Churches in Transylvania

Author(s): Alexandru Baboș / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2020

In the art of carpentry in Transylvania, we can distinguish the attention with which craftsmen treated the entrances to the wooden churches, starting with the 17th century, especially in the 18th century and sometimes even in the 19th century. Everywhere, where the entrance portals have been preserved in their authentic forms, there is a variety of sculpture, which flourishes and achieves significant artistic performances. Taken together the sculpted portals give a distinct, even unique dimension to the wooden churches in Transylvania, which demand an increased interest from the Romanian research. We admire them today especially for their beauty, expressiveness and variety, for the intricate compositions in which details were placed, due to the surprising juxtapositions, their figurative geometrical motives, but we miss the very meaning that they stand where they stand, at the entrance to the places of worship. Obviously they were placed there not only as a simple ornament, but especially in order to enter into dialogue with the one who looks at them. Then as now, the art of sculpting was the art of communicating

Novo mišljenje (Nekoliko naknadnih napomena uz Zvijezdu iskupljenja)

Author(s): Franz Rosenzweig / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2022

Svojedobno sam dopustio da Zvijezda iskupljenja iziđe bez predgovora. Užasavali su me tragovi uobičajenih predgovora filozofâ svojim kokodakanjem nakon položena jajeta i svojim neučtivim pogrđivanjima čitatelja koji ipak još ništa ni je mogao učiniti – pa čak ni proštiti knjigu.

A Case of Sceptically-based Christian Moralism: Isidore of Pelusium’s Epistles 1217 and 773 (II, 273)

Author(s): John A. Demetracopoulos / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2022

Scholars have claimed that Isidore of Pelusium’s Epistle 1217 forms a contribution to biblical exegesis. This seems inaccurate, for a closer examination of the text shows that what Isidore states is that certain things in the world (not in the Bible) are patently knowable, other things are not but nevertheless can be known by drawing conclusions from evident knowledge, whereas some things simply are beyond our reach. Actually, this insurmountable limit is, in the last resort, a positive element, because it gives us a moral lesson, teaching us humility. The true meaning of the Epistle is revealed mainly through its direct textual sources, which include passages from Sextus Empiricus, Philo of Alexandria, Basil of Caesarea, and John Chrysostom. In addition, the main point of Epistle 1217 is contextualised in Isidore’s thought by comparing it to certain other letters he wrote, primarily Epistle 773 (II, 273), which, as shown, is a development of Epistle 1217.

Emakeele seltsis

Author(s): Killu Paldrok / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 05/2012

Report on the conference held on February 16th of 2011.