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Robert Born, Andreas Puth, Osmanischer Orient und Ostmitteleuropa. Perzeptionen und Interaktionen in den Grenzzonen zwischen dem 16. und 18. Jahrhundert. Robert Born, Sarah Lemmen, Orientalismen in Ostmitteleuropa. Diskurse, Akteure und Disziplinen..

Author(s): Stefan Rohdewald / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2016

Review of: Osmanischer Orient und Ostmitteleuropa. Perzeptionen und Interaktionen in den Grenzzonen zwischen dem 16. und 18. Jahrhundert. Hrsg. von Robert B o r n und Andreas P u t h . (Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Mitteleuropa, Bd. 48.) Steiner. Stuttgart 2014. 336 S., Ill., Kt. ISBN 978-3-515-10848-5. (€ 52,–.); Orientalismen in Ostmitteleuropa. Diskurse, Akteure und Disziplinen vom 19. Jahrhundert bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg. Hrsg. von Robert B o r n und Sarah L e m m e n . (Postcolonial Studies, Bd. 19.) Transcript. Bielefeld 2014. 355 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-8376-2697-1. (€ 36,99.). Reviewed by Stefan Rohdewald.

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Najraniji defterski zapis za samostan u Rami (1542)

Author(s): Michael Ursinus / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 52/2020

Usprkos njegovoj važnosti i starosti (osnovan je još prije osmanlijskog osvajanja), samostan u Rami u arhivskim se izvorima iz osmanlijskoga vremena spominje ponegdje, a i tada uglavnom tek počevši od druge polovice 16. stoljeća. Čak i veliki inventari osmanlijskih isprava u samostanima Srednje Bosne, koji čuvaju ukupno oko deset tisuća pojedinačnih isprava (Kraljeva Sutjeska: oko 4.500; Fojnica: oko 3.000; Kreševo: oko 1.500), sadrže tek malobrojne i uglavnom kasne podatke o ovom samostanu. Da se naslutiti da je tomu tako zbog rubnog položaja samostana, u blizini granice između sandžaka Bosne i Herseka, a osim toga i zbog toga što samostan u Rami, za razliku od većine samostana Srednje Bosne, nije pripadao sultanskom posjedu (hass), već ga se uglavnom dodijeljivalo posjednicima timara i zijameta. Tako je godine 1550. pripadao timaru izvjesnog Mevlane Turguda, imama tvrđave Prozor, skupa s prihodom od 1414 akči, koji je uključivao i 600 akči koje je samostan u Rami godišnje plaćao u svrhu raznih desetina (öşür).

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Fra Ilija Starčević i bosanskohercegovački povijesni kontekst

Author(s): Mato Nedić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 52/2020

Svaki je ljudski život usađen u određeni vremenski trenutak, u povijesnu zbilju koja je tim trenutkom oblikovana. Čovjek, kao svjesno biće, promišlja o svojemu mjestu unutar vremena, unutar određenoga povijesnog razdoblja te želi utjecati na životne mijene. Tako je i fra Ilija Starčević, rođen u od Osmanlija okupiranoj Bosni, tražio putove kojima će kročiti u susret Vječnome jer od Vječnoga i jest, s razlogom, u život pozvan. Njegovi su se putovi kretali od rodnoga Rahića preko Kraljeve Sutjeske do Ugarske i nazad do Bosne. Naposljetku, uvijek su se kretali oko Tolise uz koju je dušom srastao. „Štogod je Tolisa imala, od njega je imala.“ Tako je zabilježio franjevački kroničar, misleći na fra Ilijino doba.

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XVII. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Hac Menzilleri: Rûznâmçeci İbrahim Efendi Kethüdâsı Hacı Ali Bey’in Tuhfetü’l-Huccâc Risâlesi Örneği

Author(s): Şerife Eroğlu Memiş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2020

According to the Islamic belief, Muslims living in various regions, based on the principle of making every Muslim who is free, mentally healthy and entitled to make a pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime, have to live in Mecca in the first half of the month of Zilhicce. According to their distance from Mecca, they used to make their way to Mecca and Medina in crowded caravans days ago. The most ideal pilgrimage route for Anatolian Muslims was the Syrian caravan route. This road, consisting of Damascus-Amman-Karak-Ma‘an-Tebuk-Medain Salih- al-‘Ulâ and Medina line, was an important caravan route that dates back to ancient times and connects Hejaz to Syria, and therefore to Anatolia and Mesopotamia. It was connected to Istanbul and the Balkans through Adana-Konya-Akşehir andIznik in the west direction. Pilgrim candidates coming from these main roads and other secondary roads connecting Anatolia from north to south and east to west would join in Damascus and set out to go to Hejaz with the pilgrimage caravan created there.The study aims to examine the book of Tuhfetu’l-Huccâc which is a pilgrimage guide that deals with the characteristics of places of accommodation, cities and places of visit along the road from Uskudar to Damascus and from Mecca and Medina, as well as the conditions of the pilgrimage and the duties to be fulfilled in pilgrimage. Hajj Ali Beg described the places and conditions of the pilgrimage and asked to present a collective index and guide to the Muslims who intend to pilgrimage. In this context, the study consists of three parts. First of all, the author of the work will be briefly introduced. In the second part,the subject and parts of the work will be examined in terms of language and spelling features, the reasons for their writing and their content. In the third section, by comparing with similar studies, it will be tried to analyze what Hajj Ali Beg said different about the period of his work.

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Manastırlı İsmail Hakkı’nın Fusûlu’t-teysîr fî usûli’t-tefsîr Adlı Eseri ve Tefsir Usûlüne Katkısı

Author(s): Ercan Şen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 53/2020

The accumulation of Ottoman exegesis has not been enlightened yet. However, with recent scientific studies, this closedness has been tried to be partially eliminated, but these efforts have not been achieved to the desired level. In this study, we will focus on the work of “Fusûl al-Taysir fî Usûl al-Tafsir”, an unknown commentary of Isma‘il Haqqi’s (1846-1912), one of the last Ottoman scholars. This work, which we will focus on, was prepared by Isma‘il Haqqi for the first grade students of the Faculty of Political Sciences as a textbook. In this study, in the context of the exegesis works of the Ottoman period, this work which can be evaluated in the works written about the exegesis method independently; systematics, contents and sources. On this occasion, the contribution of a recent Ottoman scholar to the tradition of exegesis will be discussed and, albeit a bit, the course of Ottoman exegesis will be shed light.

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Endonezya’daki Mushaf Basım Faaliyetlerinin Osmanlı Geleneksel Mushaflarıyla İlişkisi

Author(s): Achmad Yafik MURSYİD / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 53/2020

This research aims to examine the general features, distribution and printing of the Qur’an in Indonesia. This research also aims to examine the characteristic of Ottoman Mushaf and determine whether the original Ottoman Qur’an Manuscripts were found in Indonesia. The primary method of this research is Philology. For example, some original Ottoman Qur’an manuscripts are found in public and private collections in Indonesia, such as manuscript belong to Prabu Diraja, a descendant of the sultans of Palembang. The manuscript was inherited from his family. Based on its decorative and calligraphic ground, this manuscript is outlined as an Ottoman Qur’an rather than an indigenous Indonesian Qur’an. Then we can judge the relationship on the development of the Qur’an printing in Indonesia by finding Ottoman Qur’ans In Indonesia.

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Markus Koller, Eine Gesellschaft im Wandel. Die osmanische Herrschaft in Ungarn im 17. Jahrhundert (1606-1683)

Author(s): Paul Srodecki / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2013

Review of Markus Koller: Eine Gesellschaft im Wandel. Die osmanische Herrschaft in Ungarn im 17. Jahrhundert (1606-1683). (Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Mitteleuropa, Bd. 37.) Steiner. Stuttgart 2010. 226 S. ISBN 978-3-515-09663-8. (€ 36,–.). Reviewed by Paul Srodecki.

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EL-MAṬLABUL-EʿLĀ, EL-MAḲṢADU’L-AḲSĀ: KEMĀLPĀŞĀZĀDE’NİN RİSĀLE FĪ ʿİLMİ ĀDĀBİ’L-BAḤS̠’I

Author(s): Muhammet ÇELİK,Necmettin Pehlivan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2019

Disputation theory in Islamic thought called as ādāb al-baḥs̠ va almunāẓara was systemized by Shams al-Dīn Muḥamad al-Samarḳandī (d.722/1322). After al-Samarḳandī, this theory has had a specific tradition in virtue of epistles, commentaries and super-commanteries. For this reason, al-jadal that is based on Aristotle’s Topics and al-ḫilāf that is known as Islamic jurispuridential disputation theory have been succeeded by ādāb al-baḥs̠ va almunāẓara. The most seminal ādāb works was written in Ottoman milieu. For instance, Ḥusayn Shah Adanavī (d.1050/1640)’s al-Ḥusayniyya prevailed in Ottoman madrasahs instead of al-Samarqandī’s Risāla fī Ādāb al-baḥs̠. Sāçaqlīzāda Muḥamad Afandī (d.1145/1732)’s Taḳrīr al-Ḳavānīn evinced exactly the rules of ādāb al-baḥs̠ va al-munāẓara discovered by Sāçaqlīzāda’s predecessors. Kamālpāshāzāda Shemsuddīn Aḥmad (d.940/1534) also wrote an epistle named Risāla fī ādāb al-baḥs̠ on ādāb al-baḥs̠ va al-munāẓara. He described this epistle as pure advantage and concise text. He, moreover, have a supercommentary called as Ḥāşiya al-Tehāfut on Ḫūcazāda Muṣliḥ al-Dīn’s Tehāfut al-Falāsifa. Even just for the reason that he carried out ādāb al-baḥs̠ va almunāẓara in this work, Risāla fī ādāb al-baḥs̠ has an important role for having a grasp of Kamālpāshāzāda’s Ḥāşiya al-Tehāfut. In this article, Risāla fī ādāb albaḥs̠ was analysed in terms of its content and manner. Finally, we appended a critical edition of the Arabic text of the epistle with Turkish.

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İnsan-ı Kâmil Olma Yolunda Bir Sultan Şair: Muhibbî

Author(s): Nazire Erbay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 101/2020

For centuries the meaning of man in the world has been tried to be meaningful in all branches of art in the world literature. It is important to look at the literary text in order to investigate the self-view of man and his struggle for existence according to centuries. Classical poets have tried to understand and position themselves on the earth in the context of the mystic which is the equivalent of evolution in Sufism on an individual level. The aim of this study is to research Muhibbi, who is a sultan poet, through his poems in order to get to know personality and literary sense. For this reason, the concept of insan-ı kâmil was taken as a subject. For ordinary people, insan-ı kâmil perception is different. The difference of the perception of this concept for a sultan is revealed in the text. Here, also, reference is made to the sultan-poet who has not seen many examples in the history of world literature. Muhibbi is one of the important sultan poets of Ottoman literature. Apart from being Muhibbi, sultan or poet, the couplets he wrote as servants are quite remarkable. The poet expresses being a servant to Allah as a sultan by means of nurturing his self. In this study, couplets in which Muhibbi emphasizes the sultanate in his ghazals are highlighted. The themes of poet sultan, human, servant and perfect human are emphasized with extreme examples. In these couplets, it is important that Suleiman the Magnificent promotes being a perfect human being as a sultan.

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MARY EDITH DURHAM’IN ESERLERİNDE ARNAVUTLUK’TAKİ OSMANLI YÖNETİCİLERİNE DAİR ALGI

Author(s): Meltem Begüm Saatçi Ata / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2020

Mary Edith Durham is a British anthropologist interested in Albania between 1900 and 1944. She had seven books and dozens of articles that she wrote about her impressions and thoughts about the region during her travels in the Balkans where, she travelled between 1900 and 1914. It is possible to follow her perception about thead ministrators in the region within the borders of the Ottoman State from August 1900 until the declaration of the independence of Albania dated November 1912. Among them much more than the others, it is possible to see Sultan Abdülhamid II, Hacı Âdil Bey, Esad Toptani and İsmail Kemal Bey. It is important to note that though Mary Edith Durham started as an independent traveller in this region, she was evaluated as one of the sources of information of the England’s foreign policy. Also it must be stated that her views about the region and the administrators were not independent of Britain’s foreign policy.

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Ideea imperială în țările române. Alte puncte de vedere

Author(s): Ştefan Andreescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

The Italian Professor Cesare Alzati, an eminent specialist in the history of Christianity and, especially, Romanian Christianity, in an article published on the anniversary of the Edict of Milan from 313, offered his opinion on the theory of the existence of the imperial idea in the conscience of the Romanian voievodes. Thus he argued that the imperial archetype was and remained beyond reach and that the Romanian voievodes never proclaimed themselves emperors. Consequently, they were the most authentic continuators of Eastern Romanity, centered in the New Rome. Another relatively recent stance on the subject belongs to the Greek Professor Konstantinos G. Pitsakis. He argues that the universal and eternal character of the Eastern Roman Empire can never be doubted. The only “universal emperor” is the emperor of Romans, that is “of all Christians”. Then he discusses the case of the Romanian rulers, who, without ever claiming a “juridical” succession to the Empire, often acted as its “natural” successors. It is worth mentioning his conclusion that in the South-Eastern European realm the Church was considered the successor and legatee of the imperial dignity.

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Ștefan cel Mare, Mesih Pașa, „răscoala” lui Mucha și preliminariile războiului moldo-polon

Author(s): Liviu Pilat / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

The present paper outlines the evolution of the Moldavian-Polish conflict in the context of the dynamics of the Northern Black Sea and Central-Eastern European politics. After the failed attempt to regain Kilia and Moncastro with Polish aid, the politics of Stephen the Great took on a spectacular turn. With the aid of Mesih Pasha, Mengli Giray, Ivan III and Maximilian of Habsburg, Stephen the Great became an open adversary of the Jagiellonian dynasty and of the Polish-Lithuanian union. Stephen supported the plan for a Ruthenian Voivodeship vassal to the Porte, an episode known in the historiography as the “revolt of Mucha”. The Moldavian ruler’s intention was to instigate a Polish-Ottoman war, which would have served him in regaining the fortresses lost in 1484. The Polish riposte was the 1497 campaign against Moldavia, organized under the pretext of an expedition for regaining Kilia and Moncastro. Even though some historians viewed it as a “tragic misunderstanding”, the campaign to Moldavia was not the result of an accidental decision, but the climax of a decade of Moldavian-Polish hostility, which began with the Polish-Ottoman peace from 1489 and ended with the Moldavian-Polish treaty from 1499.

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Tributul Moldovei la sfârșitul domniei lui Ștefan cel Mare: mărturia lui Marino Sanudo „cel Tânăr”

Author(s): Ovidiu Cristea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Moldavia as a tributary state of the Ottoman Empire is a well-known topic in Romanian historiography. Among the sources used to establish the amount of gold paid by the principality to the sultan figures the “Journals” (Diarii) of Marino Sanudo. The present paper insists on Sanudo’s sources, on the Venetian-Ottoman relation at the beginning of the 16th century and on the context in which the information is included in the „Journals”. Regarding the tribute paid by Moldavia, Sanudo depended on the relazione delivered on December 2, 1503 by Andrea Gritti in front of the Senate on his return from his mission as ambassador in Constantinople. What is striking is that there are significant discrepancies between Gritti’s speech as was written down by Sanudo and the same discourse included by Eugenio Alberi in his published edition of the Ottoman reports. One of these differences is the absence of any allusion to the amount paid by the tributary states (Moldavia included) to the Ottomans in the version published by Alberi. As the text published by Alberi represents a polished version of the discourse delivered in December 1503 one may assume that the lack of any reference to the tribute paid by Moldavia has to do with the delicate situation of Venice after the peace concluded in 1503 with the Porte. The loss of important territories as well as the tribute the Republic had to pay for Zante was perceived by the Venetian government as an important loss of prestige. Thus, it is probable that the final version of Gritti’s relazione, i.e. the one kept in the Venetian archives and published by Alberi in the 19th century, excluded any reference on the Ottoman relations with other Christian powers in an attempt to cover the Republic’s loss of reputation at the end of the war of 1499–1503.

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Pentru o ediție critică a scrisorii lui Ștefan cel Mare către principii creștini. Observații pe marginea listei căpeteniilor otomane participante la bătălia de la Vaslui (10 ianuarie 1475)

Author(s): Ovidiu Cristea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

The victory against an Ottoman army on January 10, 1475 opened a new period in the reign of Stephen the Great. Soon after the triumph, the Moldavian prince started an active policy in search for allies against the Ottoman Empire. His letter sent in the aftermath of his military success aimed to gain military and financial support against a new Ottoman expedition. Although the document was published and discussed many times, it still raises many questions due to the fact that it was preserved only in Italian and German translations. The present article focuses on the list of names of the Ottoman commanders in an attempt to identify these leaders and to evaluate the military forces confronted by the Moldavian prince in the battle of Vaslui. Although the Ottoman names were preserved in a much distorted form, a comparison with other contemporary sources shows that among the most important Ottoman leaders were the most active Akinji commanders from the European half of the Ottoman Empire.

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U VIDIKU ŽIVIH

Author(s): Gorčin Dizdar / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 87-88/2019

Review of: Gorčin Dizdar - Amila Buturović, Carved in Stone, Etched in Memory: Death, Tombstones and Commemoration in Bosnian Islam since c. 1500. (Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2015)

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Şeyh Hamza Tekkesi’nin sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel tarihi

Author(s): Zekeriya Işık / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2020

Sheikh Hamza is a historic figure with a religious and spiritual identity. It is not known when he has lived but his burial site was found in Hacı Bey Ağacı village of Çorum, which was then forgotten over time. According to archives, the grave of Sheikh Hamza was found following a divine intervention. It was revealed during a dream to Dervish Hıdır residing in Çorum. With the help of the locals, Dervish Hıdır built a shrine and a lodge at the burial site. Compared to initial samples, this monastery revealed at later stages, during mid-18th century and its official recognition and addition into the system also took a great while. The reason for the monastery to gain popularity among the public was its location on the Çorum-Laçin-Osmancık routewhich does not include any other similar structures providing the same service. Unlike the early-age examples, Sheik Hamza monastery failed to gain rich foundation revenues and therefore its socio-economic structure was relatively weak. The historic structures are now all gone but the re-built shrine and masjid is still playing an important role in serving the religious, social and cultural lives of the locals. The purpose of this study is to reveal the administrative, social and economic structure of Sheikh Hamza shrine and lodge, and to understand the impact on society’s faith and minds.

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93 Harbi ve Sonrasında Artvin

Author(s): Zemzem Yücetürk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 65/2020

Together with the Turkish army, the people of Artvin resisted with all their might In the 1877- 1878 Ottoman-Russian War, which was the 93 War. During these invasions, migrations from the eastern region, including Artvin, to the interior of Anatolia, were the main situations that put the people of the region into trouble. Kars, Ardahan and Batum has been abandoned to Russia with the Berlin Treaty signed in 13 July 1878 after the Ottoman-Russian War. Artvin, Ardanuç, Borçka, Şavşat districts which are connected to Batumi Sanjak were left to Russia. The people of the region, including Artvin, have been subjected to many Russian persecution during the forty years of Russian rule until the reunification of the region to the Ottoman Empire in 1918. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 in Russia, the Ottoman Empire and Russia signed the Treaty of BrestLitovsk on March 3, 1918. A vote was held in accordance with the decision taken in the Treaty. As a result of voting, Kars, Ardahan and Batum were connected to the Ottoman Empire. However, the Ottoman State was withdrawn from Artvin with the Mondros Armistice signed on 30 October 1918 as a result of the First World War. Artvin was then occupied by the British on 17 December 1918. After the withdrawal of the British in April 1920, the Georgians took over the region. The Georgian occupation continued until the beginning of 1921, and Artvin and its surroundings joined the territory of the Turkish State in 1921. In this article, we tried to reveal what happened in Artvin and to the struggle of the people of Artvin in 93 War and after that in the light of documents.

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Bâkî’nin Yayımlanmamış Bazı Şiirleri (Bir Gazel, İki Beyit)

Author(s): Kübra Kacar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 65/2020

One of the prominent of 16th century poets, Bâkî composed poetry during a period when the Ottoman Empire was at its peak, and when culture, art, and literature were in their golden age— to the point that he had earned the honourable title “sultanü’ş-şuarâ” (the poet of the sultan). While an author of four works of prose, including Me’âlimü’l-Yakîn Fî-Sîreti Seyyidi’l-Mürselîn (Siyer-i Nebi), Fezâ’ilü’l-Cihâd, Fezâ’il-i Mekke and Hadîs-i Erba’în (Kırk Hadis) Tercümesi, his true claim to fame in fact was his Dîvân. Published three times (Dvorak 1908, Ergun 1935, Küçük 1995), the book contains some 636 poems, including 27 kasides, 9 musammats, 548 gazels, 21 kıt’as, and 31 matla’s. This number only increases upon including his other poetry as they appear in various magazines alongside studies concentrating on his Dîvân. The present study will introduce a gazel as well as two beyits composed under his pseudonym identified in magazine number 89, housed at the Research Institute Library of Istanbul.

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LALENİN OSMANLI VE HOLLANDA SANATINDAKİ YANSIMALARI

Author(s): Ahmet Dolunay,Mehmet Emin Kahraman,Mehmet Nuhoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2019

Cultural interactions show continuity among the countries, societies or social groups are sometimes slow but sometimes more evident, but always persistent. The source of this interactions is sometimes a scientist, artist, through people such as politicians, and sometimes a motive, games or plays, stories sometimes incurred over a flower. From this point of view, it is an important place for tulip in cultural interaction between Ottoman and Netherlands. In the context of the article, the reflections of tulip in Ottoman and Netherland art were investigated.

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RODOS SEFERİ’NDE MENTEŞE SANCAĞI MİNYATÜRLERİNE BAKIŞ

Author(s): Ömür Koç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2020

The second major expedition of Suleyman the Magnificent after he ascended the throne was the Rhodes Campaign. On the expedition route from İstanbul to Marmaris, the sultan and the army passed through many important settlements, towns, mosques, madrasahs, inns, baths, ranges, rives, passages and bridges. Some of these have been on the expedition routes of the army before and after and they have been transferred to us, especially from the brush of the knocker Matrakçı Nasuh. The most important resource about the expedition was the historical diary, and the source used for some issues that were not included in the diary was the travel book written by Evliya Çelebi. The topics are organized taking into account the techniques, style and documentation features of the miniature. Historical, topographic miniatures in the Sanjak of Muğla and its surroundings, where the Ottoman Empire was ruled for seven months during the expedition, have not been studied before. In addition to the historical document features, the miniatures included in the article are expected to be a source for the next periods and today’s miniature art, directing the artists and researchers to new topics that have not been addressed before.

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