The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The report was "Laid before the Houses of Parliament as an official Paper and now published by permission Hodder and Stoughton, St. Paul's House, Warwick Square, London and at New York and Toronto" in 1916 This is a Digsimile-eBook-edition of the 1916 original, re-published in 2008 by TEXTOR VERLAG and the Central and Eastern European Online Lbrary, CEEOL. For the original edition Viscount Bryce had engaged the Arnold J. Toynbee (in the age of 25) as an editorial assistant. The editorial work on this report in 1915 marks the beginning of Toynbee's work for the intelligence department of the British Foreign Office

Ivan Stojković i njegovo doba

Author(s): Robert Holjevac / Language(s): Croatian

Ivan Stojković (ca. 1395-1443) was an extraordinary diplomat, multidisciplinary scientist .He was the first among catholic scholars who has written a tractate about the Church, an essay about ecumenical synods and a Biblical hermeneutics.

Карађорђе и Милош

Author(s): Dragana Antonijević / Language(s): Serbian

Из живота на европейските провинции на Османската империя през XV-XIX век. Сборник изследвания в памет на Проф. д.и.н. Елена Грозданова

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian

This collection of studies has been assembled by nineteen scholars, historians and linguists, who are part of leading Bulgarian and other countries research centers and universities. The studies and the articles in this collection are concerning different topics from social-economic, demographic, political, religious and cultural Balkan and Southeastern European history, including the Bulgarian territories from for the period 15th to 19th century. Many of these studies and articles concern researches made by Prof. Grozdanova. The main idea behind these studies is the scientific introduction, interpretation and presentation of new, unused or rarely used, sources - most of which originate from the Ottoman archives and other sources.

The Ends of Empire. Imperial Collapse and the Trajectory of Kurdish Nationalism

Author(s): Michael A. Reynolds / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Kurds are a people who speak a Persianate language or cluster of dialects and who comprise the dominant population in the territories where contemporary Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran meet. The name “Kurdistan” loosely denotes these lands where the Kurds live, although because an expressly Kurdish state has ever existed, the boundaries of Kurdistan have never been defined with any precision. Scholars typically describe the Kurdish language as encompassing two major dialects, Kurmanji and Sorani, but disagreements exist about the proper classification of Kurdish dialects and sub-dialects and about the relationship of other Persianate tongues to Kurdish. Kurds today likely number somewhere around twenty-five million people and are often identified as the world’s largest ethnic group without a state. Thus their modern history is generally narrated as one of victimhood and denial of statehood. This paper represents an attempt to make the seemingly counter-intuitive argument that the collapse of imperial rule in the early twentieth century was, for the purposes of Kurdish national aspirations, premature and therefore ruinous in its consequences.

SEMASIOLOŠKI I ONOMASIOLOŠKI PRISTUP ANALIZI TEKSTA U TESAVUFSKOJ LITERATURI BOŠNJAKA U OSMANSKOM CARSTVU

Author(s): Adnan Kadrić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The paper draws attention to the connection of semasiological and onomasiological approach to the interpretation of tasawwuf in classical literature: in the comments (sharhs) of works by famous Sufis, in treatises (Risalah) on individual issues of tasawwuf sciences, as well in literary works which contents one and/or both mentioned approach to the presentation of tasawwuf lexemes in broad and narrow sense.

OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE MERKEZÎ YÖNETİM-TARİKAT MÜNASEBETLERİ VE BOSNA MEVLEVİYETİ

Author(s): Ayten Ardel / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

U ovom referatu govori se o utjecaju Osmanske države na organizacijutekija kod Seldžuka i Osmanlija. Tekije su imale veliku ulogu u formiranju naselja a tarikati u razvitku društvenih odnosa, dok je država nastojala iskoristiti takav utjecaj i staviti ga pod svoju kontrolu i u svoju službu.Odnos centralne uprave prema tekijama i tarikatima podrazumijevao jeu velikoj mjeri i utjecaj države na organizaciju tarikata i utjecaj tarikata naneke dijelove društva i državnog aparata.

MELEVLI ŞEYH GALIB AND REFORM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING THE REIGN OF SULTAN SELIM III (1789-1807)

Author(s): Leyla Amzi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

A look at the intellectual environment of the period of Sultan Selim III as exemplified in Şeyh Galib’s seminal work reveals its Islamic context and a specific Ottoman Sufi tradition. Contrary to conventional historiography,the reforms of the late Ottoman period that started with the Nizam-i Cedid can be viewed within the framework of continuity of Ottoman socio-political thought and not only a mere product of the European influences at the time of imperial decline.

MECELLE’NİN KÜLLİ KAİDELERİ

Author(s): Atıf Bey / Language(s): Turkish

This study is about the first 99 articles of Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, the civil law prepared in the last years of the Ottoman State. The subject matter relates to the general principles of law, known as the Islamic law.

L'EUROPE AU JOUR LE JOUR. VOL 01, La Crise Bosniaque 1908-1909

Author(s): Auguste Gauvain / Language(s): French

The 14 volumes of Auguste Gauvain represent an <strong>11 Years Political Diary</strong> of the very origins of Modern Europe as it evolved in early 20th century from a multitude of disintegrations (OTTOMAN EMPIRE…), competitions between colonialist powers (BERLIN-BAGDAD….), diplomatic pinpricks (AFFAIRE AGADIR….), side-theatres of war (BALKAN WARS 1912/13…) and, finally, the unique and global catastrophe of WorldWar I.<br>The idea of Modern Europe originated simultaneously from the efforts of thousands of individual politicians, diplomats, intellectuals to find applicable ways to prevent those European « Bloodlands » (<i>Timothy D. Snyder</i> ) during their own age as well as and for the future of Europe.<br>In 1908, when Austria-Hungary implemented the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the French journalist and Foreign-Policy expert Auguste Gauvain considered this decision of the Habsburg Empire as the beginning of a process which, more or less unavoidably, would result in a European War. Hence, he began writing a daily column on the “Event of the Day” in European politics for the French journal « Les Debats ». With few and short interruptions during WW I he did so on each day until the end of the Versailles Peace negotiations in 1919. In early 1920s he published the full collection of all these columns in 14 volumes with the title <strong>« L’Europe au Jour le Jour ».</strong><br>CEEOL has decided to re-publish all these 14 volumes and nearly 10.000 pages as a contemporary key document for understanding the very origins of Modern Europe, the historical progress it represents and the historical necessities and forces which triggered its development. Even its supra-national institution-building after WW II cannot be really understood without this historical background of a few decades before. <br><br><strong>FOR DETAILS REGARDING THIS VOLUME PLEASE DOWNLOAD PDFs FROM THE «Contents»-TAB HERE ↓↓ BELOW</strong>

ROMÁNIA ÉS A ROMÁNOK KÉPE A NÉMET NYELVŰ IRODALOMBAN. AZ IMAGOLÓGIAI KUTATÁSOK ÁTTEKINTÉSE

Author(s): Axel Barner / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Suûdü’l-Mevlevî: Hayatõ, Eserleri ve Dîvânõ (Zâdegân)

Author(s): Necati İşler / Language(s): Turkish

Suūdu’l-Mevlevī is a poet and calligrapher who witnessed the last period of the Ottoman Empire and the first years of the Republic of Turkey. In addition to his father’s contribution, Tahirü’l Mevlevī and the cultural environment of Istanbul contributedmuch to his literary capacity. He has also trained himself in calligraphy by taking lessons from the famous calligraphers of his age. Suūdu’l-Mevlevī working as clerk in the Dīvān for twenty years has also taught the calligraphy in madrasahs. He has officiated in Millet Library and Merkez Efendi Mosque. Suūdu’l-Mevlevī has fallowed a group of poetry aggregated under the name of “Encümen-i Şuara”. He has followed in footsteps of Yenişehirli Avnī, the powerful poet of this society. The only work of Suūdu’l-Mevlevī,aggregating all of his poems is Zādegān. He has used the penname of “Suūd” in almost all of his poems. Suūdu’l-Mevlevī has written many qasidah and ghazels. There are 806 poems in Zādegān. 389 of them is ghazels. His love for Mevlānā and Mesnevīis given special room in Zādegān.

Christianity in The Modern Middle East: Current Situation and Future Challenges

Author(s): Anthony O’Mahony / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Christian presence across the Middle East (West Asia) region is facing a variety of acuate challenges which are increasingly considered as existential. In terms of history the current situation might be considered similar to that faced by Eastern Christianity as a consequence of the geopolitical changes in the late period of the Ottoman rule including World War I, the Armenian Genocide, the Syriac Sayfo, and the displacement of the entire Eastern Orthodox population during the early 1920’s with the establishment of the modern states of Greece and Turkey. With the collapse of Ottoman Empire, the wider geopolitical and ecclesial situation significantly changed across Europe, Russia and the former Ottoman territories directly having an impact upon Eastern Christianity this included the Bolshevik Revolution which brought about the near destruction of the Russian Orthodox Church. This in turn severed the historic ties with Eastern Churches in the Middle East until after World War II. In the aftermath of these traumatic events determined efforts were made by the Christian communities in the region to rebuild the Eastern Orthodox, Armenian and Syriac and the Eastern Catholic churches in the context of new nation-states and mandatory governance in the interwar Middle East. World War II followed by the imposition of Communist rule in the Eastern European states and the Cold War impacted upon all Eastern Christians in the Middle East. Regional conflict across the Middle East also felt upon all Christians from the Arab–Israeli conflict in the post war era to conflict in Iraq and Syria, the effects of war have challenged Christianity in the Middle East to the point that many are concerned for its survival. This has included the forced displacement and emigration of Christian from across the entire region. It is critical to understand the dynamics of Christian emigration from the Middle East, the first phase of which began in the later part of the nineteenth century and continued until World War I. During that time, thousands of Christians left the Ottoman Empire in search of economic opportunities, including greater religious freedom and political tolerance. After World War II, socio-economic factors continued to influence the emigration of Christians and to a lesser extent, of non-Christians. In the post-independence period, from the late 1940s to the present time, Christian emigration continued to rise, primarily due to economic insecurity but also due to political instability and military conflicts: the 1948 Palestinian–Israeli conflict, the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), the Islamic revolution in Iran, and the series of wars in the Persian Gulf—the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1989), the First Gulf War (1990–1991), and the US lead invasion of Iraq, which began in 2003. To this should be added the Russian Federations invasion of the Ukraine in February 2022 which has an impact on the Eastern Christian churches in the Middle East sharpening relations between the Patriarchates of Constantinople and Moscow and allowing for an increasing influence by the various states in the region on ecclesial affairs in a changing geopolitical situation. Patriarch Sako of the Chaldean Catholic Church centred on Iraq stated “The world economic crisis and the global situation marked by the Russian military invasion in Ukraine are also having serious effects on the network of charitable and social works promoted by the Churches in the Middle East. This circumstance is driving the exodus of Christians from the region of the world where Jesus was born, died and rose again.”

Geschichte der türkischen Moderne

Author(s): Paul Horn / Language(s): German

So far, the Occident has only learned about the modern literature of the Turks from occasional articles in magazines. It is not yet time to write a detailed account of them, but it is worthwhile and even obligatory for a collection that includes the "Literatures of the East" to describe their development up to the present in a little more detail than has been done up to now. wants to include. However, a brief outline will suffice for the time being, in accordance with the current state of affairs. The fact that it follows Byzantium and Greece will not come as a surprise. A presentation of the entire Turkish literature would have belonged in the sixth volume (Persia and Arabia), but Turkish modernism alone no longer fits in with Asia, only with Europe. And there the bond with Byzantium offered her the most natural accommodation.

Tarihî Türkçe Tıp Metinlerinde Kanser Hastalığı ve Tedavi Önerilerine Dair Bir Deneme

Author(s): Gülin Öztürk / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Information concerning many disciplines can be found on the subjects of Turkish medical texts. In this direction, the texts are examined in terms of history of medicine, language studies, biology, folklore, place names, measurement names and biographical topics. However, this does not mean that all the topics in the texts are covered. Because there are many other issues that need to be examined regarding these texts. One of these is the subject of cancer and its treatments, which cannot be encountered in literature reviews. In this study, the knowledge about cancer disease and its treatments in the mentioned texts is described. It is hoped that the data to be obtained will contribute to the studies of alternative medicine and their treatment, especially the history of cancer disease. The study is limited to the subject of cancer and two medical texts written in the 17th century. It should be emphasized that the study was not prepared as a treatment recommendation. The study is an overview of the historical development of traditional Turkish medicine in Anatolia; words used for cancer in medical texts; It consists of the understanding of humoral patology theory/ahlat-ı erbaa in the medical texts of the Islamic period, information about the scanned works, analysis and conclusion. In the texts examined, it was seen that there was an explanation that cancer was caused by the burning of the sevda hıltı (a kind of humor in body). Sevda hıltı (the humor of sevda) is one of the four humor and has a cold and dry feature. It has also been stated that cancer (especially seretan) is caused by salt. It was also emphasized that the root of the seretan. In the texts, cancer is expressed with the words seretan, akile, ganzarniya, hora, yinür baş, akile. Seretan is described as a firm and firm swelling, and it is explained that it is usually in the breasts of women. Ganzarniya has been expressed as the type of aqila. Akile, hora and yinür baş are also referred to as non-healing and expanding wounds. It can also occur in the mind, mouth, nose and teeth. It has been seen that diseases and symptoms such as boils, naughty wounds, wounds, nasty and malignant wounds, dryness, mouth sores, rotten flesh are also frequently included in the places where these expressions are used. As understood from the statements about cancer, its type exhibits visible features and is located on the outer part of the body. No information was found about the types of internal cancer. It has been observed that different methods are used in the treatment of cancer. It has been suggested that blood should be taken from the vein of the echel (ekhel) vein, and the patient should have a lot of diarrhea (with cooked a kind of plant (bağboza otu)) in the treatment. In nutrition, it is recommended not to consume foods that contain sevda (a kind of humor) and foods that will stimulate sevda hıltı (a kind of humor). In this direction, eggplant, beef and goat meat should not be eaten and hard foods should be avoided. It has not been explained what the drugs that are emphasized as hard, that is, rude and harsh, are. It has been emphasized that cauterization is very useful in cancer treatment, especially in cancer types with injured and rotten flesh. Etching, according to the text, is beneficial at the onset of cancer. Treatment applications can also be made with mixtures of bandage and special ointments. Besides acid, sugar, stone, there are also herbal, animal, mineral treatments.

Indeks ličnih imena

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Indeks geograskih pojmova

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Kakanj u sidžilima Visočkog suda : vjenčanja, ugovori, parnice 19. stoljeće

Author(s): Emir Demir / Language(s): Bosnian

This research follows the publication of the 1850 Census Register for the municipality of Kakanj and the book The Population of Kakanj in the Ottoman Period. The 19th century was a pivotal period marked by ethnic and national transformations, industrialization, migrations, and the emergence of a new world order. Reforms within the Ottoman Empire, including the abolition of the timar system and the 1858 Land Code, stimulated economic activity and migration.The primary aim of this study is to present information about the ancestors and social relations of Kakanj’s inhabitants based on court records. Only about twenty years' worth of judicial records from this period have been preserved, covering the territories of the Visočka Nahija, Breza, Vareš, Ilijaš, and Kiseljak. During the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian periods, present-day Kakanj was under the jurisdiction of the Court of Visoko. These records are housed in the archives of Sarajevo and Visoko, although many documents are missing.In the Ottoman period, court records included both Muslim and non-Muslim populations, whereas during the Austro-Hungarian period, separate Sharia and civil courts existed. This study includes an index of surnames to facilitate data accessibility. The sources used in this research encompass sidžils (court registers) and judicial protocols from both the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian periods.Although partial, this research provides significant insights into the historical aspects of Kakanj’s population, highlighting the importance of preserving court records as sources for future generations. It contributes to a deeper understanding of Kakanj’s local history and identity, emphasizing the value of archival material and professional support in historical research. The authors express hope for further processing and translation of the remaining archival documents. This book serves as a valuable resource for the study of the past and the genesis of identity.

Bosanskohercegovačko pristanište Klek-Neum u osmanskim dokumentima 1859-1876

Author(s): Emir Demir / Language(s): Bosnian

This study examines the port of Klek-Neum based on Ottoman documents from the period 1859–1876. The port represented a crucial Adriatic outlet for the Ottoman Empire. With the support of the sultanic authorities, a quarantine, auxiliary facilities, and a mosque were built. Archival documents and historical research confirm the existence of the mosque in Neum. These structures were periodically renovated and expanded with the help of the Ottoman administration. In 1858, a transportation route connecting Klek-Neum to Mostar was established.Austria sought to restrict Ottoman influence in the region through regulatory manipulation and taxation policies while simultaneously asserting territorial claims over Klek-Neum and Sutorina. Austrian efforts to limit the Ottoman military presence aligned with their broader strategic interests. The Ottomans, in turn, attempted to avoid direct confrontation with Austria while maintaining access to Klek-Neum.During the Herzegovinian Uprising of 1876, the port complex was set on fire, after which the Ottomans never reestablished their presence in the area. Cadastral records from 1865–1875 confirm the existence of various structures and land ownership patterns. The parcels were owned by Muslims, Catholics, and Orthodox Christians alike. This research underscores the precision of Ottoman administration and the strategic importance of the port.Acknowledging the contributions of researchers and archival sources in preserving historical narratives, this study aims to provide a clearer understanding of the events and interactions between the two empires. Through preserved documents, it explores the geostrategic significance of Klek-Neum, emphasizing the value of archival material for further research and historical analysis.

Stanovništvo Kaknja u osmanskom periodu

Author(s): Emir Demir / Language(s): Bosnian

This book supplements the Census Register from the year 1850, which is crucial for understanding the genesis of surnames in Kakanj. The surnames as we know them today began forming in the early 19th century, and the process had lasted for almost an entire century. In the past, surnames had more of a titular than an identifying function, especially among the nobility. In the register, some households lack surnames, while others have surnames that were later changed. The primary goal of this research was to facilitate the search for ancestry. The focus is not on glorifying surnames but on identifying the inhabitants of Kakanj during that period. Migration has always been a constant and will continue in the future. This collection is the result of a year-long research project published in Kakanj Newspapers. I remained committed to presenting an accessible vision of both immediate and distant ancestry to the common person through a suitable local medium. Although this research does not strictly adhere to classical academic standards, it holds scientific value. The regular publication of articles prompted the completion of this work. I hope this book will serve as a valuable resource for future generations.