Képmelléklet
List of illustrations to the articles of the following authors: Pozsony Ferenc, T. Szabó Csilla, Tőtős Áron, Ferenczi Szilárd, Wellmann László, Murádin János Kristóf.
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List of illustrations to the articles of the following authors: Pozsony Ferenc, T. Szabó Csilla, Tőtős Áron, Ferenczi Szilárd, Wellmann László, Murádin János Kristóf.
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Review of: Rafał Rutkowski- Theodoricus, De antiquitate regum Norwagiensium. On the Old Norwegian Kings, ed. and comment. Egil Kraggerud, trans. Peter Fisher, The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture in Oslo, Oslo, 2018, XCVIII + 394 pp.; series B: Skrifter, 169 Urszula Augustyniak- Martin Faber, Sarmatismus. Die politische Ideologie des polnischen Adels im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert, Deutsches Historisches Institut Warschau, Wiesbaden, 2018, 526 pp.; series: Quellen und Studien, 35 Piotr Kuligowski - Morgane Labbé, La Nationalité, une histoire de chiffres. Politique et statistiques en Europe centrale (1848–1919), Presses de Sciences Po, Paris, 2019, 382 pp. Maciej Górny - Balázs Trencsényi, Michal Kopeček, Luka Lisjak Gabrijelčič, Maria Falina, Mónika Baár, and Maciej Janowski, A History of Modern Political Thought in East Central Europe, ii: Negotiating Modernity in the ‘Short Twentieth Century’ and Beyond, Part 1: 1918–1968; Part 2: 1968–2018, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2018, 472 and 392 pp., selected bibliography, indices Joanna Wojdon - Joanna Hytrek-Hryciuk, Między prywatnym a publicznym. Życie codzienne we Wrocławiu w latach 1938–1944 [Between the Private and the Public. Everyday Life in Wrocław in the Years of 1938–1944], Via Nova, Wrocław, 2019, 319 pp. Stephan Lehnstaedt - Barbara Engelking and Jan Grabowski (eds), Dalej jest noc. Losy Żydów w wybranych powiatach okupowanej Polski [Night Without an End. Fate of Jews in Selected Counties of Occupied Poland], 2 vols., Stowarzyszenie Centrum Badań nad Zagładą Żydów, Warszawa, 2018, 871 + 835 pp. Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov - Magdalena Ruta, Without Jews? Yiddish Literature in the People’s Republic of Poland on the Holocaust, Poland and Communism, edited by Jessica Taylor-Kucia, Jagiellonian University Press, Kraków, 2017, 452 pp.; series: Studies in Jewish Civilization in Poland, 2
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This article seeks to answer the question of whether the local conditions or determinants influence the socio-political language. Within the context of the nationwide discourse in the nineteenth-century Kingdom of Poland, an analysis follows how the concept of ‘intelligentsia’ functioned in the local press from the industrial city of Łódź. A source analysis leads to the conclusion that in the specific circumstances, of which the social mix was a constituent, certain notions of a defined meaning in the countrywide context may be interpreted in a manner divergent from the rule. As the social structure of Łódź was becoming more and more similar to that of Warsaw and other big cities, the differences in the definitions of the term ‘intelligentsia’ were gradually smoothening out.
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Review of: 1. Piotr M. Majewski, Kiedy wybuchnie wojna? 1938. Studium kryzysu, Warszawa 2019, Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, ss. 572. Review by: Marek Sioma; 2. Andrzej Friszke, Marek Kornat, Ryszard Stemplowski, Dwie epoki. O celach w polskiej polityce zagranicznej 1918-1939 i 1989-2015, Warszawa 2020, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, ss. 228. Review by: Andrzej Kastory; 3. Aneta Nisiobęcka, Z Lens do Wałbrzycha. Powrót Polaków z Francji oraz ich adaptacja w Polsce Ludowej w latach 1945-1950, Warszawa 2018, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, ss. 399 + il. Review by: Hubert Wilk. 4. Review by Zbigniew Girzyński; 5. Zbigniew Girzyński, Między Londynem a Warszawą. Polacy we Francji w polityce rządu uchodźczego i władz Polski Ludowej w latach 1944-1956, Toruń 2018, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, ss. 868. Review by: Dariusz Fabisz; 6. Mariusz Sawa, Ukraiński emigrant. Działalność i myśl Iwana Kedryna-Rudnyckiego (1896– 1995), Lublin 2016, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Oddział w Lublinie, ss. 379. Review by: Rafał Kolano
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Review of: 1. Jörn Leonhard, Der überforderte Frieden. Versailles und die Welt 1918–1923, München 2019, C.H. Beck Verlag, ss. 1531, 88 zdjęć, 15 map. Review by: Arkadiusz Stempin; 2. Andrij Rukkas, Razem z Wojskiem Polskim. Armia Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej w 1920 roku, Warszawa 2020, Wydawnictwo IPN, ss. 696. Review by: Mirosław Szumiło; 3. Anna Ambrochowicz-Gajownik, W cieniu Lazurowego Wybrzeża. Konsulat polski w Marsylii w latach 1919–1940, Warszawa 2019, Wydawnictwo Neriton, ss. 308. Review by: Anna Pachowicz
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Review of: 1. Andrzej Krzak, Wojny bałkańskie 1912–1913, Warszawa 2017, Wydawnictwo im. Stanisława Podobińskiego Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie, ss. 349. Review by: Dariusz Faszcza; 2. John J. Mearsheimer, Tragizm polityki mocarstw, tłum. Piotr Nowakowski, Jan Sadkiewicz, Kraków 2019, Universitas, ss. 507, mapy. Review by: Jakub Polit; 3. Oleh Razyhrayev, Policja Państwowa w województwie wołyńskim w okresie międzywojennym, Warszawa 2019, Wydawnictwo IPN, ss. 455. Review by: Mateusz Rodak
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Reviews of: 1. Wielka Wojna w polskiej korespondencji zatrzymanej przez cenzurę austro-węgierską. Materiały polskich grup cenzury z lat 1914-1918, kwerenda, wstęp, opracowanie i przypisy Paweł Brudek, Jan Molenda, Jerzy Z. Pająk, t. 1-5, Warszawa 2018, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. Review by: Włodzimierz Suleja; 2. Wołyń i Galicja Wschodnia pod okupacją niemiecką 1943-1944, red. Łukasz Adamski, Grzegorz Hryciuk, Warszawa 2019, Wydawnictwo Centrum Polsko-Rosyjskiego Dialogu i Porozumienia, ss. 429 oraz Wołyń i Galicja za drugiego Sowieta, red. Łukasz Adamski, Grzegorz Hryciuk, Warszawa 2019, Wydawnictwo Centrum Polsko-Rosyjskiego Dialogu i Porozumienia, ss. 674. Review by: Magdalena Semczyszyn; 3. Sadao Asada, From Mahan to Pearl Harbor. The Imperial Japanese Navy and the United States, Annapolis 2013, Naval Institute Press, ss. 388. Review by: Marcin Kaczkowski
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The disappearance, breakup, or perhaps the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy into nonexistence in the last several days of the “Great War” did not mean that time and history disappeared without a trace. For it left a rich and varied heritage consisting of intertwined collective and cultural memories that transform over time into a mythology. An important place in that Central-European, Habsburg mythology is taken by the myth of Galicia. The evidence of its existence and vitality is in its emergence several years ago, as unexpected as it was intensive, in the commercial realm. That was made possible by drawing references on heritage, remembrance, and myth, and not by a knowledge – even elementary – of the reality under this banner. The Kingdom of Galicia was wiped out from the territory it used to occupy by the disaster of two wars. Yet a memory of it, evidently strongly rooted, managed to survive that unfavourable time and today it is still very much alive, even though greatly transformed. The time that has passed, together with all the historical tremors during that time, resulted in a kind of deconstruction from which a new, mythical form of Galicia emerge. It began to live its own peculiar life which has hardly anything in common with the original. The realm in which its presence is best visible today is what can be broadly called “commercial use.” The cultivation of the current, predominantly commercial functionality of Galicia is only rarely accompanied by a reflection on the sense or reason for the cherishing of its mythology, which is what is actually taking place. Are the material benefits – because there must be some – a sufficient justification for the glorification of the Austrian partition in contemporary Poland?
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The aim of this article is to show the attitude of Polish interwar literature (political commentary, historiography) towards the role of Slovaks in building the First Czechoslovak Republic and their situation in the state they shared with Czechs. The collected material has been divided into three categories: pro-Hungarian, pro-Czech (pro-Czechoslovak) and pro-Slovak, but the author also notes an interest in Slovakia related to the Slavic studies conducted during the Second Polish Republic. The works discussed in this article attempted to compare the Slovaks’ situation under the Hungarian rule and in Czechoslovakia; to answer the question whether the Czechoslovak nation existed; and to suggest with whom the Polish state should see its future on the international arena (support Hungary’s aspirations to recover Slovakia, establish good relations with Prague, or support the Slovak nationalist movement against Czechs).
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The text presents the dynamics and variability of the political options and alliances which shaped the borders of modern Syria in the most crucial period of World War I and the first years of post-war reality in the Middle East. The researchers show how the external interests of the Great Powers took priority over the Syrians’ internal affairs. For the inhabitants of the Levant, it meant the Western practice of ignoring Arab opinions and aspirations in the aftermath of the Great War, which was sealed in the Treaty of Versailles. Despite the positive solutions proposed by The King-Crane Commission (1919), the new post-Ottoman order ignored local identities and political preferences. The new borders were created artificially and determined arbitrarily. The Sykes-Picot agreement reinforced both conspiracy theories in the Middle East and the mythology of the Great Arab Revolt. The competing Western powers took advantage of the local minorities, fueling dislike and strengthening sectarianism. In the years 1919–1920, Pan-Syrianism solidified and took a characteristic form of striving to consolidate the fragmented nation of the Greater Syria. The resolutions of the General Syrian Congress of 2 July 1919 provided timeless premises for the political orientation of the Syrian nationalists, which strongly influenced politics in the Middle East in the following decades. However, the partition of Greater Syria after World War I proved to be one of the worst of many political traumas experienced in the Middle East at that time. Pan-Syrianism was systematically weakened by the conflicting aspirations among the Syrians, the Lebanese, the Palestinians, and Jordanians.
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Painter Osman Hamdi Bey, who lived in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, is a successful painter, sculptor, archaeologist, art historian, educator and statesman. He has taken the early modernization steps of Turkish painting. His contributions to Turkish art and culture cannot be denied. He was the first painter to do figüre and portrait works in his period. Osman Hamdi Bey tried to explain the East in the most accurate way with his Orientalist-style paintings on the subject of important historical structures in Turkey and tried to break the prejudices of the West over the East. In his Works, he included in particular the splendor of the East. Because he uses sections of historical sites one-on-one in some of his Works, these Works are document. In some of his Works, he also provides information about Turkish culture and life through fiction. The artist often included masques, shrines and mansions in his paintings. In his figüre studies, he glorified women in everyday and social life by using women. He tried to emphasize the place of women in society. In his female figures, he portrayed the woman as cultural, social and well- groomed, reading rather than being meta. He used his wife and daughter as models in the female figures he used. In this study, four paintings of Osman Hamdi Bey’s women- themed Works were examined through semiotic analysis and an attempt was made to determine the unity of language, suject and style used in the paintings.
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This article offers an account of a dispute between Polish and German historians (and to a lesser extent among Polish historians themselves) over the process of establishing the Teutonic Order State in Prussia at the turn of 1220s–1230s. The dispute broke out in the nineteenth and continued into the first half of the twentieth century.
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In connection with the dramatic shortage of residential accommodations in the first years of Polish statehood after the regaining of independence in 1918, the way to guarantee their provision for military personnel (officers and married non-commissioned officers) and civilians (state and local government officials) was a statutory obligation to provide them by means of legal administrative coercion. The aim of this article is to analyse issues relating to the requisitioning of flats, and in particular, to analyse the sources of legislation in this area at that time, and judicial decisions of the administrative court with regard to complaints made to this court in cases concerning these requisitions.
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Review of: Jacek Bartyzel - Sebastian Paczos , Jan Bobrzyński . Portret polityczny, Wydawnictwo UAM, Poznań 2018, 408 s.
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This paper aims to show how the “New Man” was defined in different literary and political conceptions that abounded in Spanish American culture at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Although both Americas were perceived through the stereotype of newness from the very beginning of the colonial era, it is at the end of the 19th century when the necessity to integrate the extremely heteregenous Spanish American societies brought forth a variety of renewal propositions. Focused on the spiritual or economic aspects of a given social or ethnic group (the elites, implicitly white, for Rodó or the working classes, mostly Indian, for the Indigenistas), those conceptions were not able to provide overall solutions for the Spanish American republics, struggling with a deepening neocolonial dependency. Nevertheless, many tendencies and formulas defined in that period – idealistic or politically subversive – have survived through the 20th century and resurfaced in new forms (e.g. the nuevo hombre bolivariano in Venezuela at the beginning of 21st century).
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The review of: Lana Paćuka, Ženski identiteti u muzičkom životu austrougarskog Sarajeva. Sarajevo: Muzička akademija – Institut za muzikologiju, 2019, 189.
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In this paper the author tries to answer the question of what factors caused the great German author Thomas Mann to accept the official goals of World War I by focusing on his Reflections of a Non-political Man. It also discusses Thomas Mann’s disagreements with his brother Heinrich Mann and his polemics with the ideas specific to the mainstream liberal thinking. Additionally, the article considers the context of the Polish reception of Thomas Mann. The author also discusses the problem of the topicality of the writer‘s attitude.
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Purpose of the article to analyse socioeconomic changes and features which were caused by the process of industrialization in the USA, define pre-conditions, stages and consequences of industrialization, in American society. Research methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization are used in research. Scientific novelty. Today, economic issues cannot be considered in isolation without the problems of the industrial sector. We now understand that industrialization is the primary factor in creating an independent and developed domestic market for each country, as the statistics show. Understanding of these high-quality changes, the introduction of industry in the economic sector of the country, can best be seen in the example of the world's most powerful economy - the United States. How this power arose, what this country as a whole and in the region had to go through, what conditions were created for further growth, and what legacy this country has now, we are interested in all this as a fundamental example of building a successful economy. Conclusions. The effects of industrialization have helped the United States raise its status in the international arena by conquering new markets for its own products. Changes also happened in American society which realized it`s status in a world economy and supported such ideas as imperialism but these ideas have taken on a different form from the European model. Structurally, the United States has built a network of clusters that have created points of attraction and economic diversity in different parts of the country.
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The aim of the article is to show the history and collections of the Zakład im. Ossolińskich in the years 1817–1939. By means of the analysis of the preserved documents and the existing literature on the subject, an attempt was made not only to show the history of the institution, selected collections from the library’s resources, but also to present its organization and people who have passed through its walls over the past 120 years. This is all the more important as, unlike many other Polish libraries, the complete history of the Ossolineum has never been written. The reason for this situation was that after 1945 almost all archives that could be used to learn about the history of the Institute remained in Lviv, and access to them was very difficult for Polish researchers, and sometimes even impossible. This situation began to change slowly after 1989. It was then that smaller or larger contributions were written about the history of the Ossolineum. Only recently, broader publications showing various aspects of the functioning of the Ossoliński National Institute. According to the founder’s intention, the institution, consisting of a library, publishing house and museum, was to not only collect various types of prints, manuscripts, works of art, but also make its collections available to all interested parties. The starting date of the article was determined by the establishment of the Institute, which took place in 1817. The founder spent several years considering where the institution would have its seat. Ultimately, after his death in 1827, the collections collected by Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński were transported to Lviv and placed in the rebuilt former church and convent of Carmelite sisters. It was then that the collections collected by the Lubomirski family from Przeworsk were finally added to the Ossolineum. Over a period of over 100 years, numerous manuscripts, archives, books, magazines and works of art have been added to the collection of the Ossolineum. The end date of the presented article is set in 1939. The outbreak of World War II began a new dramatic period in the history of the Ossolineum, which ended with its transfer to Wrocław in 1945.
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