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Opinie studentów z wybranych państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej na temat stosunku do zwierząt

Author(s): Karolina Cynk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2019

The purpose of this article is description of perception and valuation ofanimals by students from selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe.In the first part of article was presented the history of the relationship betweenhuman and animal. The theoretical part of text includes also reflections on themoral status of animals. In the second part of article was presented results ofthe research which was conducted by author in 2015. The subject of the researcheswas: “Environmental values in the awareness of the students of humanities andlife sciences from the selected European countries”. The project was conductedbased on the quantitative method. The sample was comprised 520 students.In the article proposes the following research problems: Does the perception ofanimals depend on the direction the respondents study? Does gender affect howrespondents perceive animals? The questions and independent variables werenominal, and their analysis required the use of a chi-squared test to examine.On the base statistical calculations can be concluded that sex and faculty ofstudy doesn’t differentiate respondent’s opinion about animals welfare. The lackof differences in opinions between respondents is explained by the fact that it isthe result of specifics of cultural Central Eastern Europe, not of gender or fieldof study. Obtained conclusions are pushing for further research in this area.

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A Vibrating Body: Sound in Redefined Space and Time

Author(s): Luís Cláudio Ribeiro / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

What was at stake in the nineteenth century was not only the impulse towards light (in the case of photography), but also towards sound, which had its own matrix and devices, associated with another form of culture. The culture of the senses, whether as memory or as experience, was, at that time, a crucial element in a new perception of reality. This new perception was revealed in the rise of artistic works where the dweller of the urban or rural environment was part of the narrative. Sound culture started to develop from the nineteenth century onwards, when technology made it possible to reproduce what was invisible and to conduct research in invention centres and laboratories. Hearing and listening became crucial parts of the one’s access to reality and individual education. Sound established the relation between technology and the subject, increasingly uniting communities around the acoustic experience.

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The effects of membership in the Polish National Cittaslow Network

Author(s): Eliza Farelink,Agnieszka Stanowicka,Wioletta Wierzbicka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Research background: Identification of the effects achieved by cities owing to their membership in the Cittaslow network plays a role not only in the development of every city, but also in the growth of national and international Cittaslow networks. Being a member of the Cittaslow network, and thereby adopting the slow city development model, affects the process of urban management by directing it towards such activities that agree with the assumed development concept. The achieved effects, manifested in the social, economic, and spatial spheres, contribute to the improved quality of life in a slow city, which in turn influences its development. Purpose of the article: Identification of the effects of membership of Polish cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network. Methods: The study included a diagnostic survey method. The diagnostic survey based on a standardized survey questionnaire was used to identify the effects achieved by the Polish cities in the Cittaslow network. The survey was addressed to mayors of all member cities in the Polish National Cittaslow Network. The survey was conducted in May 2020. Findings & value added: The most important effects to date of cities being members of the Polish National Cittaslow Network, and their scale, have been investigated. An attempt was made to determine in which areas of urban life the effects become observable in a relatively short time (a few years), and which effects are attainable after a longer period of time. Major barriers to obtaining the desired effects were also identified. The research fills in a gap in this scope, as it provides a complex analysis of the effects of the membership of cities in the national Cittaslow network as seen by the city authorities. The results can serve to make comparative analyses of the effects achieved on different levels of development in the national Cittaslow networks, particularly in view of the fact that the Polish National Cittaslow Network is the second largest network in the world with respect to the number of member cities.

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Political Responsibility for Climate Change

Author(s): Alice Roberts / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Global structural injustices are harms caused by structural processes, involving multiple individuals, acting across more than one state. Young develops the concept of ‘political responsibility,’ to allocate responsibility for structural injustice. In this paper, I am going to argue that when considering the climate crisis Young’s model needs to be adapted— to have agency as a basis for allocating political responsibility instead of contribution. This is a more intuitive way to allocate responsibility for the climate crisis given its nature as a threshold problem, and the subtle structural positions occupied by the individuals involved.

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Экологические проблемы в поэзии

Author(s): Mamilya Dzhakypbekova,Muratbek Imangazinov,Shara Kiyakhmetova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020

The connection between man and nature is a political problem, because the struggle for a peaceful life, the social development of the population is now closely linked to the struggle waged against economic tensions. In addition, economy is strongly connected with the economic policy and rational use of natural resources. It is even considered as a moral, ethical, psychological, pedagogical and aesthetic problem, since it contributes to the harmonious development of ecological knowledge of the individual and the formation of a sense of compassion for nature. In addition, it is one of the major motives in literature. Literature cannot circumvent the concern for the problems of the society. Man's thoughts about life have become one of the most pressing topics in our literature. The simple dependence of man on nature, that is, the relationship of man and nature, is closely related to the problem of studying the artistic idea in a work of art. In fiction, the spread of the theme of man and nature is caused by life requirements. The preservation of life on earth is a pressing problem of today. In the past, man enjoyed the wealth of the earth. Now the earth is asking humanity for help. The rupture of the relationship between man and nature is due to the disappearance of the natural links between man and nature, and this issue is not limited only to the issues of the protection, preservation and protection of the environment, as well as the protection of humanity from spiritual degradation. In the works that raise this problem, the authors talk about the fact that the abuse of nature begins with the oblivion of the unity of humanity with nature. The poems of K. Myrzaliyev "Yel zhane men","Tabiqat", "Kok togai", "Mamyr men tamyr", "Tabiqatka tabynu", "Tabiqat tazalygy", "Tabiqat zhane men", "Aksha kar", K.Salykov "Adamdar, akulardy atpandarshy", "Oralshy akular - arular" exploit the idea of nature conservation.

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Aktualne problemy nauki prawa ochrony środowiska

Author(s): Janina Ciechanowicz-McLean / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2019

Many environmental problems can only be addressed through international agreements with domestic legislation. This acts both globally and locally. Many Multilateral Environmental Agreements – MEA are classified in soft law in international public law. Sustainable development is a principle of law. Genetically Modified Organisms are imported in agriculture, food productions but not accepted by the human population. Human rights to the environment must in future be used like hard law.

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Ekspresja tworzenia czy akt zniszczenia? – problematyka graffiti w świetle wybranych aspektów prawnokarnych

Author(s): Diana Dajnowicz-Piesiecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2019

This article presents a phenomenon that everyone we pass every day, but not everyone sees it immediately. Going to work or school, shopping or walking next to each other, almost every day we pass the drawings and inscriptions which someone painted on the facades of buildings, or even on the means of communication. This direct contact with the graffiti was an inspiration to discuss the phenomenon from the perspective of selected aspects of criminal law. The main objective, which was accompanied by the formation of the article, was to determine the boundary between legal and illegal graffiti. Bearing in mind that graffiti is a specific form of artistic activities, the detailed analysis of the circumstances indicating that the graffiti goes beyond the boundaries of art and begins to be the result of vandalism. Drawing or writing in public space also served to discuss the specifics of halved acts. In addition, the article explains how to prevent and fighting against the phenomenon of graffiti, which were undertaken on a national scale, as well as global.

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Wybrane aspekty karnoprawnej ochrony zabytków na przykładzie Kodeksu karnego z 1997 r.

Author(s): Emilia Jurgielewicz-Delegacz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2019

The article aims to analyze dogmatic aspects of criminal protection of monuments in Polish Penal Code and reveal theoretical doubts connected with the offences specified in Penal Code. The Author attempts to present overviews of doctrine on discussed issued and to describes the proposals de lege ferenda.

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Przestępstwa przeciwko środowisku w Polsce i Rosji – problemy prawa, ścigania i dowodzenia

Author(s): Denis Solodov / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2019

Criminal prosecution in the environmental criminal cases is typically associates with numerous challenges. Above all, the imperfection of the construction of legal norms providing for criminal responsibility makes them difficult to prosecute and to proof. Another factor is the specificity of the environment itself. The dynamics of its elements, as well as the dependence of their condition on many, not always transparent, easy to determine factors affects the accuracy of damage assessment and makes it extremely difficult to establish cause-and-effect relationships. The high dependency on expert opinions should be noted as well. There are issues related to the lack of standardized expert’s methodology, commonly accepted scientific guidelines, the credibility of the opinions presented by the private experts in the field. The article discusses current challenges related to the environmental criminal responsibility in Poland and Russia.

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CITES crimes in Poland – causes, manifestations, counteracting

Author(s): Maciej Duda / Language(s): English Issue: 52/2021

The term “CITES crime” refers to crimes related to illegal trade in wild species of fauna and flora protected by the Washington Convention (1973). They are one of the manifestations of crime against the environment. A subgenre of criminology that researches in this area is the so-called ecocriminology/ green criminology. The aim of the article is to discuss the legal framework of criminal liability for CITES offences and criminological analysis of this social pathology. The previous achievements of ecocriminology are also presented and the relations between CITES crimes and other criminological categories of crime are indicated. In the legal part, the author discusses the relevant provisions of international law, European Union law and Polish criminal law with particular emphasis on articles 128, 128a and 129 of the Law on Conservation of Nature. In the criminological part, the author diagnoses the causes of these phenomena (aetiololgy), characterizes the symptomatic forms of pathologies occurring in this area (phenomenology), and proposes methods to prevent and combat these undesirable phenomena (counteraction).

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Waste management in Poland versus the circular economy

Author(s): Edward Rydgier,Joanna Bril / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The authors of the article examined the municipal waste management system in Poland in terms of the impact of European Union directives introducing a circular economy in the European Union countries. When assessing the functioning of the system, the social factor was taken into account, as municipal waste management has a significant impact on social life. For example, increasing costs of waste management, resulting in high increases in fees for garbage collection, cause opposition from residents. Lack of funds for the implementation of waste management tasks by municipalities may result in failure to comply with the obligatory recycling levels, which may result in imposing fines on the municipalities. In addition, recycling rates may not be met due to the coronavirus epidemy. It should be emphasized that, just as the introduction of municipal responsibility for waste management in 2012 was equated to a revolution called commonly the “junk revolution”, the conversion of the entire economy to a closed loop is an extremely difficult challenge for municipalities, as neglect of waste management may result in an ecological disaster.

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Space Islands in Orbit Around the Sun

Author(s): Valentyn Halunko,Oleksii Padun,Yevgen Rokytsky / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2021

The article comprehensively reveals the concept of an autonomous space island constellation to be deployed in orbits in the solar system. This project will make the Earth a green and blue oasis without harmful production and give humanity a chance to survive in any cataclysm on Earth. The authors propose an original idea and calculations regarding the simulation of Earth’s magnetic field and the system of magnetic simulators of artificial gravity. The concepts of an electric power supply system, the ozone layer, greening, water exchange and waste disposal are proposed. The article suggests that the construction of a space island constellation should be an international project of public organizations and private companies.

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Slow Tourism – The Fashion for Slowness or a Conscious Choice?

Author(s): Joanna Zielińska-Szczepkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Research background: The fast pace of life of contemporary people living in developed countries results in a search for peace and relaxation, which is reflected in new forms of tourism. One of them is slow tourism, which is at an early stage of development. A new type of tourist is emerging – one who is conscious, responsible, critical, respectful of nature, open to learning about the customs, culture and religion of local populations. Purpose: This paper analyses the changes that take place in tourism from a socio-economic perspective, characterized by withdrawing from mass tourism and a shift towards individual tourism, with particular emphasis on slow tourism. Research methodology: The paper is based on a compilation of the current literature of the subject, reports and analysis of Polish websites devoted to slow travel. It is a synthesis of economic and social aspects of slow tourism development, including the motives for taking up slow tourism by tourists and the offer of slow travel in Poland. Results: The analysis of the literature reveals a large diversity in the definition of slow tourism. A lively discussion is going on regarding the meaning of the new trend, its importance and future. In Poland, slow tourism is becoming increasingly popular, as evidenced by, among others: an increase in the number of offers for slow tourists. Novelty: This analysis contributes to deepening the knowledge on new trends in tourism – slow tourism. These considerations contribute to the author’s further research on the development of this phenomenon.

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Geograficzno-ekonomiczne uwarunkowania sustensywnej transformacji w transporcie – przykład elektryfikacji żeglugi promowej

Author(s): Maciej Tarkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

One of the key challenges of the sustainable transitions is the deep reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in transport. That is why new propulsion systems are being improved – mainly hybrid and electric ones. In the last five years, they have been increasingly used on ferries on ports and coastal waters. The short route and the use of the same ferry ports facilitate the use of hybrid or electric propulsion. The basis of this article is the assumption that the technical and operational features of these ferries are optimized considering geographical and economic conditions. Its purpose, however, is to identify these conditions based on 15 case studies of hybrid or electric ferry implementations on port or coastal routes. Five main geographical conditions of the electrification of ferry shipping are indicated: the shape of the shoreline and nautical conditions, the level of development of transport system, the structure of primary energy consumption and the level of development of the electricity production and distribution system, the policy of electromobility development as well as electric or hybrid ferry design and production capabilities. The final solutions for each ferry crossing are the result of a specific configuration of these interdependent conditions. Most case studies concerned Europe, which is why there is a need for further research into this type of investment. Along with their spread in other parts of the world, it will be possible to verify the identified catalog of conditions.

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I Passed Away, but I Can Live Again: The Narrative Contextualization of Death in Dead Cells and Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice

Author(s): Matteo Genovesi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

In digital games, the player’s activity often includes a necessary repetition to achieve an appropriate knowledge of the game’s mechanics and dynamics. This process can involve various failures of the player. Even if a digital game can be theoretically completed without failures, the player must practically learn from every mistake, which often corresponds to the death of the main character. Every avatar constantly lives in a vulnerable existence that includes its death during the gameplay. If a character can be vulnerable, the player can be inadequate, but digital games always provide a chance of redemption, and a failure becomes a necessary step on the path to further growth. On the basis of various Italian and other international scientific contributions on the themes of failure and death in digital games, the following essay will analyse two different case studies: Dead Cells and Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice. In these titles, death is not only a necessary part of the gameplay, but it also becomes a focal concept of the storytelling thanks to two different principles which will underline specific modes to emphasize the narrative importance of death and failure in the digital game medium.

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"Auf unserem Papier findet das meiste gleichzeitig statt": Zum Projekt der Gegenweltgeschichte in Günter Grass' "Der Butt" in kulturökologischer Perspektive

Author(s): Nathalie Kónya-Jobs / Language(s): German Issue: 18/2021

In this article, the novel The Flounder is re-read from the perspective of environmental literary criticism and with a view to the highly topical issues of education for sustainable development. The line of argument moves along the central questions for Grass’s work about the importance of fairy tales and myths for literary-anthropological processes of the formation of meaning, his Enlightenment criticism, his critical understanding of history, his poetics of ‚Vergegenkunft‘ and his examination of feminism, ecology and dystopian visions of the post-human age. The article closes with an outlook on relevant research desiderata. An overview table for a selection of thematic, relevant works should serve as an inspiration to rediscover Grass as a representative of ecocriticism in schools and universities.

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"Sensing – thinking with the Earth. An ecology beyond the Occident."

Author(s): Corentin Heusghem / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2021

This book review is about the French translation of a book by the anthropologist Arturo Escobar that, though it has not been translated into English yet, deserves to be known by English readers. This book is quite important since it allows one to understand occidental, capitalist and modern hegemony not only as an economic domination but above all as a cultural, epistemological and ontological colonisation. Indeed, according to Escobar, this domination takes its roots in the Occident’s ontology which translates into hegemonic practices that are concrete threats to the other worlds and their dwellers. Thus, Escobar highlights the deep link between ontologies and practices and argues for a new field of study he calls political ontology or ontological politics. To accompany the proposition of a shift from a universal nature to a pluriverse composed of many worlds, Escobar does not only undermine the prejudices of modernity but also puts forward the relational ontologies from indigenous communities of Latin America that concretely resist colonisation, underlining the ontological dimension of their struggles. Such a framework enables one to overcome or at least minimize the distinction between theory and practice.

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Associativity and organizational culture of Hass avocado production chains in the Huancavelica region, Peru 2003−2019

Author(s): Giomara Camac,Evelin Garcia,Deysi Quispe,Wiliam Rodríguez-Giraldez,Wagner Vicente-Ramos / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between associativity and the organizational culture of Hass avocado production chains in the Huancavelica Region, Peru in the period 2003–2019. The research is of an applied type, the inductive inferential scientific method was applied. Likewise, the research design used is non-experimental, cross-sectional. A questionnaire was applied to 105 Hass avocado producers from the Huancavelica Region, one of the poorest regions of Peru, in the middle basin of the Mantaro River Valley from the Mariscal Caceres district to the Mantacra town center. In the study, it was found that the associativity environment (ENT) (ASO), based on organizational culture (COR), has a significant influence on the communication dimension (p < 0.05). Regarding support services (SA), has a significant influence on the quality dimension (p < 0.05). Also in relationships (REL), they have a significant influence on the communication and adaptability dimensions (p < 0.05). Finally, in government policies (GP), it has a significant relationship with the communication dimension (p < 0.05). Therefore, these dimensions generate a positive impact on organizational culture.

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Urban climate policy and the Nordic potential for carbon neutrality – the case study of city of Helsinki

Author(s): Katarzyna Dośpiał-Borysiak / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The aim of this article is to discuss urban climate policies, with a special focus on Helsinki, the fast growing capital of Finland. The precondition for the study is that metropolitan areas in Finland hold a central place for national climate policies due to their population and economic impact. The case study proves that the city, which had disadvantageous conditions for climate solutions in the early 90’s, has successfully remodelled its approach and presently joins the group of world cities declaring carbon neutrality in coming years. The change was possible due to a favourable political climate, a multistakeholder and inclusive approach, public involvement, and the correlation between public and private initiatives. The study is based on statistical data, institutional analysis, and a comparison of the strategic documents of the city of Helsinki in the area of climate planning.

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Museums as Landscape Activists

Author(s): Katarzyna Jagodzińska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The article discusses the issue of the “extended museum”, raising questions about how museums become active actors in current topical discussions on the shape of cities, what their role is in the processes of city management and how this engagement in external spaces affects the overall mission of museums. The point of reference is the ICOM Resolution on the responsibility of museums towards landscape adopted in 2016, which offered museums legitimacy in taking actions with regard to their environment, beyond museum walls. On the grounds of four case studies of Polish museums I present strategies whereby relations between the museum, authorities and communities are negotiated (regarding the protection of post-industrial and Second World War heritage, the contextualisation of socialist heritage and the struggle for greenery).

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