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Teórie etnickej identity kanchan chandrovej a národnej indiferencie a možnosti ich uplatnenia pri historickom i etnologickom výskume jazykovo-kultúrne heterogénneho obyvateľstva juhoslovenských regiónov a miest

Author(s): Ondrej Ficeri / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2016

Slovak and Hungarian social sciences have paid sufficient attention to research on the transformation of the ethnic identities of people living mainly in ethnically mixed regions and towns of southern Slovakia. In the course of the 20th century, the affected population switched its ethnic identification codes depending on the assimilation political practices or the ethnic policy of the respective state authorities. The aim of this paper is to point out, through the theory of ethnic identity by political scientist Kanchan Chandra from New York (2012), the possibilities of applying an innovative analytical language to the historical and current research of assimilation processes, which enable a more exact grasping of the mechanisms of ethno-cultural changes in the southern Slovakian region heterogeneous in terms of language and culture. The inhabitants of this type of regions and towns were easily ethicized given their potential to become holders of several types of nominal ethnic identities which were activated (assimilation) or deactivated (dissimilation) depending on the situation in various contexts of the daily public and private life. This “non-national” behavior of the population (ethnical practice) had a causal influence on the current ethnic structure of the “lost” or “recovered” town, which can be interpreted as an expression of national indifference– the concept advocated by social scientists Tara Zahra, Jeremy King or Pieter Judson.

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Slovenský roľník v 20. storočí

Author(s): Peter Slavkovský / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

In the 20th century, Slovak peasants underwent radical changes in their lifestyles, as they were forced to cope, during a historically short period, not only with the residues of feudalism in the Slovak countryside while seeking some perspectives for their life strategies, but also with the problems of modernisation, including in the European Union context at the end of the 20th century.The cultural system of pre-industrial communities is characterised by high stability. This also applies to the Slovak countryside before the beginning of the 20th century. The environment of traditional agrarian social groups (peasant families, village communities) entailed regulating standards based on cultural models. The first half of the 20th century represented the end of this continual development of agrarian culture in Slovakia and of the way of life of traditional patriarchal peasant families.The social and political changes after 1948 interrupted the development of the agrarian culture and the lifestyles of the rural population. The collectivisation of agriculture was perceived as a political and economic problem, without respecting the social, cultural and psychological context which could influence the thinking and acting of rural people. The failure to understand the idea of cooperatives and the ideologisation of the economic issues of the countryside had an impact on the formulation of the life strategies of individual generations. Slovak ethnography and museology found themselves in a difficult noetic situation, as they were ordered by the contemporary political elites to scientifically capture and interpret this socially highly structured process from the perspective of historical materialism. The scientific interpretation of the period after 1989, so difficult for the Slovak countryside, showed that scientists also form a part of a social environment which conditions their perception and interpretation of social reality.

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MOBILIZING THE RURAL POOR IN NIGERIA THROUGH MICROFINANCE

Author(s): Alexander Ugbome Onyekeni,Nkemjika Chimee Ihediwa / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

It has been estimated that 80% of Nigerians live in the rural areas while 75% of the producers in most African countries, Nigeria inclusive, operate in the informal sector of the economy and that this sector is the subdominant sector for the majority of the population. What is not often said is that 15% out of the 20% estimated urban inhabitants are rural Nigerians who reside in the urban centres, but belong to the rural areas. Therefore, it sounds logical to state that Nigeria is a rural nation and that whatever should constitute real development is the development of the rural areas. In order to enhance the flow of financial services to this active sector, the Nigerian rural poor, Government has, in the past initiated a series of publicly-financed micro/rural credit programmes and policies targeted at the poor. The growing awareness of the importance of microfinance in the mobilization of the rural poor for economic growth and development as well as poverty reduction has effectively put this issue of microfinance on the politico-economic agenda of most developing countries. Microfinance is strategic to one of the hallmarks of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) which is the empowerment of the poor and the private sector, through the provision of needed financial services, to enable them engage or expand their present scope of economic activities, productive capacities or possibility frontiers and generate employment. This paper is divided into five main parts. Following from the introduction, the second part deals with the theories and models related to rural poverty and poverty alleviation while section three x-rays poverty in Nigeria. Section four deals with the concept of microfinance and its place in mobilizing the rural poor while the final part is a conclusion of the paper.

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Ethnological and cultural anthropological approaches to the city: framework of the Zagreb city-making project

Author(s): Valentina Gulin Zrnić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The author presents the research project “City-making: space, culture and identity”which is focused on contemporary urban transformations of Zagreb. The article is a research report on particular project activities and on several theoretical and methodological challenges that unfold from the research. The paper starts with a glimpse of urban research in (Croatian) ethnology and cultural anthropology in which the current project is embedded. Research segments into city-making by art and city-making by public events are briefly described in two parts of the article.The focus is however, on indications of certain topics and approaches that stem from particular research (time, motion, affect) which could be considered as potent for further theorizing the city and urban space. Correspondingly, research methods of walking ethnography and sensory ethnography are also discussed as valuable tools in this work in progress research.

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RADIO AWARENESS CAMPAIGN AND PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD FLOOD IN ABUA/ODUAL AND AHOADA WEST LGAS OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Author(s): Anthony Reuben Ata-Awaji / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Flood has continued to threaten some parts of Nigeria, 72 years after the first incident was recorded, and eight years after the contemporary dimension of its surge was recorded in several parts of the country. In the aftermath of the 2012 flood disaster, government and several institutions vowed to intensify campaign against flood in Nigeria. The media (broadcast media in particular) as the most accessible medium to people in Nigeria is, therefore, considered so much for awareness creation on dangers of flood. Consequently, this work studied radio awareness campaign and public attitude toward flood in Abua/Odual and Ahoada West LGAs of Rivers State, Nigeria. It adopted survey methodology to generate data from a sample of 400 respondents. The study, among other findings, unraveled that residents of Abua/Odual and Ahoada West were exposed to awareness campaign in 2019 by radio stations in Port Harcourt. It, however, established that the radio stations seldom carry out awareness campaign, while the residents do not obey messages from the radio stations. In view of this, it is recommended that Radio stations in Port Harcourt should ensure that awareness on flood is carried out often, and through all their programmes. It is also recommend that residents of Abua/Odual and Ahoada West LGAs should obey radio messages concerning flood and embrace them with seriousness, among other recommendation.

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Noțiunea de patrimoniu și specificul ocrotirii sale penale

Author(s): Marioara Roşan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The article aims to clarify the content of the concept of heritage, by delimiting the property and to identify the main types of crimes against heritage, provided by the New Criminal Code of Romania, adopted in 2016, updated in September 2019. The analysis is necessary to be able to realize, the concept of patrimony and offenses against the patrimony in order to design a concrete research on this subject realized in a near time horizon. The Constitution of Romania, by art.136 par. (1), provides that the property is public or private. Thus, although the property knows two forms, it can be violated by social danger facts, considered as crimes. The notion of heritage comprises a larger area than the property, including all the rights and obligations with economic value, which belong to state institutions that have both an administrative right and ownership over them. Thus, the patrimony constitutes the material support, being protected by the law, both by the extra-legal means and the criminal norms.

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Bryant, Chad. Prague: Belonging in the Modern City

Author(s): Patrícia Fogelová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Bryant, Chad. Prague: Belonging in the Modern City. Harvard University Press, 2021. 352 pp. ISBN 978-0674048652.

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Robotic Navigation and Digital Twin-based Cyber-Physical Production Systems, Virtual 3D Scene Simulation and Deep Learning-assisted Smart Process Management Tools, and Immersive Geospatial Data Visualization and Distributed Artificial Intelligence

Author(s): Firdaus Abdullah,Oana Matilda Sabie,Alexandru Bogdan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This paper provides a systematic literature review of studies investigating digital twin-enabled industrial Internet of Things, synthetic data and predictive maintenance tools, virtual simulation and computer vision algorithms, and cloud-based cognitive and machine intelligence technologies. Throughout February 2023, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed, with search terms including “smart shop floor autonomous manufacturing in the industrial metaverse” + “robotic navigation and digital twinbased cyber-physical production systems,” “virtual 3D scene simulation and deep learning-assisted smart process management tools,” and “immersive geospatial data visualization and distributed artificial intelligence technologies.” As research published in 2022 and 2023 was inspected, only 166 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria, and 20 mainly empirical sources were selected. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: ASReview Lab, CASP, METAGEAR package for R, PICO Portal, SWIFT-Active Screener, and Systematic Review Accelerator.

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Kockeste’st Koiksoniks: XVI sajandi lisanimedest kujunenud eesti perekonnanimed

Author(s): Fred Puss / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 3/2025

The emergence of Estonian family names (in Estonian: perekonnanimi) is typically dated to the 19th century. However, approximately one-fourth of these names have older onomastic roots. The first comprehensive lists of Estonian peasants date back to the 16th century. This study examines eight regions of Estonia, encompassing 765 peasants. Of these, 662 (87%) were recorded with a binominal naming structure (byname + given name), which suggests that by the 1560s, Estonian peasants had adopted a binominal personal naming system. One list from the 1540s recorded 63% of peasants with a byname, indicating that the development of bynames was likely complete by the mid-16th century. Among the peasants with bynames, four regions exhibited patronymic bynames (with the suffixes -son or -poeg ‘son’) in at least one-third of cases. In the other four regions, patronymic bynames were rare, yet no clear geographical pattern appears to explain this variation. Comparative analysis with later records from the same areas reveals that the stock of bynames sometimes changed over time, with patronymic bynames replacing those of other origins. This suggests that both bynames and naming practices were fluid and subject to change. Of the 662 peasants with bynames, 3.8% had bynames that later evolved into legal family names during the general bestowal of family names in the 1820s–1830s. Some of these family names appear to have originated from migrated bynames (appearing in a neighbouring village in the 16th century) or from rare given names. Consequently, approximately 1,500 family names (representing about 2% of the total) likely trace their origins back to the 16th century. If research confirms that the same family carried a name before the 1820s, it can be regarded as a family name rather than merely a byname.

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Városról falura. A romániai szuburbanizáció folyamata a népszámlálási adatok tükrében

Author(s): Gyöngyi Pásztor / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2023

This study examines the processes of suburbanization in Romania based on census data, with a particular focus on the post-transition period. It highlights that significant suburbanization is taking place around major cities (e.g., Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara), characterized by urban population outflow and the rapid growth of suburban settlements. The phenomenon has led to social, economic, and spatial restructuring, while smaller towns and disadvantaged regions often experience demographic decline. The study identifies three scenarios of suburbanization: absent, emerging, and strong suburbanization. The process is influenced by economic factors, infrastructure development, and differences in the real estate market, accompanied by increasing social inequalities and unregulated land use.

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ЗАЕМНАТА ПОМОШ И ДРУГИ ФОРМИ НА ЗАЕДНИЧКИ ТРУД КАКО МАНИФЕСТАЦИИ НА СОЛИДАРНОСТ ВО МАКЕДОНСКАТА ТРАДИЦИСКА КУЛТУРА НА СЕЛО

Author(s): Tatjana Gjorgjiovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 24/2024

“Mutual help” is a folk custom of joint voluntary work representing an important feature of the village as a social and economic community in Macedonia. The mutual aid was voluntary and was based on the principle of mutual help of labor services. This paper presents traditional forms of customary assistance and dynamics of change through data obtained from field research.1, and data already exists in the ethnographic literature.

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Ruševina kao stanje grada pod opsadom

Author(s): Asja Mandić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 26/2024

The notion of the city as a ruin, in the case of besieged Sarajevo (1992-1996), extends beyond mere material destruction and diverges from the conventional meanings of ruins found in theoretical discourse and literary expressions – such as the aestheticization of death and decay and the romantic tranquility evoking feelings of nostalgia. In Sarajevo, ruin refers to a profound physical and psychological state resulting from fragmentation, disintegration, and the desecration of its urban fabric. This encompasses not only the literal reduction of certain buildings to ruins but, more significantly, the strategic incapacitation of the city as a social organism and the annihilation of everything that defines it as a modern and civilized place. Urban space, through its artifacts, concentrates and embodies history, memory, meaning, and symbols; it is designed to gather people and facilitate communication. However, this fundamental quality was systematically destroyed during the four years of the siege. The essence of the city, as a means of organizing society, facilitating interaction among diverse elements, and connecting them, was being increasingly undermined. While Sarajevo was not completely physically devastated, it can still be viewed as analogous to ruin in many ways. This comparison ties into the language used to describe its wartime state, evoking themes of decay, abandonment, neglect, transience, and the temporality of both building and living.

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Оценка эколого-экономической устойчивости городских агломераций Российской Федерации

Author(s): Philipp KAIZER,Olga Brel,Anna Zaytseva,Natalia L. Lisina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2025

Urban agglomerations in the Russian Federation are receiving increasing attention due to their role in economic growth, particularly in light of the socio-economic imbalance between cities and peripheral regions. This study aims to assess the ecological and economic sustainability of urban agglomerations in Russia by using cluster analysis to identify groups of agglomerations with similar sustainability profiles. The research relies on statistical, comparative geographic, and cluster analysis methods. The study is based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service, environmental protection reports, and materials from the Institute for Economics of the City, which cover various economic, social, and environmental aspects. Through the analysis, four distinct clusters of urban agglomerations were identified, and the key factors contributing to their sustainability were determined. The study found that factors such as population density, gross emissions, total waste production, and waste intensity are the primary contributors to lower environmental sustainability. As a result, the agglomerations in the first cluster were identified as the least environmentally and economically stable. The agglomerations in the third and fourth clusters were slightly more stable, while those in the second cluster exhibited the highest levels of stability. These findings can serve as a foundation for developing strategies and practical solutions to enhance the ecological and economic sustainability of urban agglomerations in Russia. These findings can also be used for urban planning, forecasting development, creating environmental ratings, and implementing effective environmental protection measures at both the regional and national levels.

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How Do Bigger and Smaller Cities Manage Migration? Ukrainian War Refugees in Polish Cities

Author(s): Agnieszka Bielewska,Ewa Ślęzak-Belowska,Olga Czeranowska / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2025

This article presents a comparative study of cities’ migration policies. By comparing four bigger and four smaller Polish cities and their approaches towards Ukrainian war refugees, we show the differences in support offered by bigger and smaller towns. Polish cities wholeheartedly and spontaneously welcomed Ukrainians fleeing their country after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. While bigger cities start from reception and then offer integration activities, smaller ones see the presence of Ukrainians as temporary and identify their needs in terms of immediate humanitarian aid. The extra value of this original research is in documenting the specific moment when those cities have become ethnically diverse. The research includes interviews with the cities’ authorities, panel discussions, and analyzes of documents and press articles.

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HETEROGENA ETNIČKA STRUKTURA MAHALA KAO JEDNA OD PODLOGA UTVRĐIVANJU URBANE STRUKTURE GRADA

Author(s): Borislav Puljić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2020

It is a common belief in profession and science that oriental towns are segregated on ethnical principles. This opinion prevails also in connection with the towns of the Balkans that were shaped in the time of Ottoman dominance in that area. From the earliest times till today in the residential zones, Mahalas, of the oriental towns we have different ethnic or religious communities, even tribal groups, living seperately. The research presented in this paper on the example of the town of Mostar from the Ottoman period refutes this commonly accepted thesis. We suggest this be further investigated through more research accross Bosnia and Herzegovina. The thesis has been proved through the demographic indicators based on administrative registers („defter“) of the tax payers, as well as on other historical sources. The only exception is Mahala Geberana that existed for a short period of time in the first half of the 16th ct. The results show that Mostar in the Ottoman period was not segregated on ethnic or tribal principles but homogeneous. That means that non-Muslim inhabitants lived in all Mahalas, in all times.

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Recent Regional Development Strategies in Turkey and Smart Cities: The Case of the Southern Aegean Region (TR32)

Author(s): Oğuz Özbek,Ezgi Karaçoban / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This article critically examines how the smart cities approach has been employed as a strategic tool in Turkey’s recent regional development strategies. The paper explores the efficiency of development strategies prepared for Turkey’s South Aegean Region (TR32) with a focus on smart city elements. These strategic elements include transportation, smart governance, energy efficiency, and digital transformation at the sub-regional level. The sub-regional plans prepared by the South Aegean Development Agency (GEKA) serve as a distinctive example of incorporating new technology-based urban and regional practices into regional development plans in Turkey. GEKA’s smart city strategies, while addressing best practices, are criticized for a predominant focus on technological solutions, neglecting crucial human elements like sustainability and social inclusion. These strategies risk widening economic and social inequalities between urban and rural areas due to high costs and increased involvement of private sector companies, leading to an uneven distribution of projects. Critics argue that GEKA’s plans lack transparency and public participation, prompting a call for a renewed debate on development agency strategies in Turkey. Furthermore, through a renewed emphasis on the integration of human-centric considerations and the cultivation of participatory governance mechanisms, GEKA’s smart city strategies have the potential to facilitate sustainable and equitable development within the TR32 Region.

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МЛАДЕЖКИ АКТИВИЗЪМ И КУЛТУРНИ ПРОСТРАНСТВА – РОЛЯТА НА КУЛТУРНОТО НАСЛЕДСТВО В ПОДПОМАГАНЕ НА МЛАДЕЖКАТА КУЛТУРА

Author(s): Nataliya Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The main focus of the research paper is to analyze and compare the involvement of young people in cultural spaces. It argues the concept of converting space into place in a wider context. A thorough examination of the different ways youths participate in modern cultural activities offers innovative perspectives on their contribution to preserving cultural heritage. The research outcomes provide valuable implications for improving youth involvement in community settings, underscoring the essential role of young people in building communal resources through effective incentives to support local youth policies.

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Háztartási túlzsúfoltság a Kelet-Közép-Európai országokban – város-vidék megközelítés

Author(s): Agnieszka Wojewódzka-Wiewiórska,Zsuzsanna Deák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2024

Housing is a particularly important asset for humans. The use of dwelling of an appropriate standard determines the quality of life and affects all aspects of human well-being. Hence, it is important to monitor housing poverty, understood as the inability to meet housing needs at a specific level. The study focused on the problem of household overcrowding, which, like housing conditions problems, is one of the components of housing deprivation. The aim of the study is to present the problem of household overcrowding in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEEs). Differences occurring in rural and urban areas were indicated. European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data for 2007-2022 were used. Household overcrowding is still a serious problem experienced in the EU countries surveyed, which poses a challenge to housing policy

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Modernizmas ir tvarumas: paralelės ir sankirtos bendruomenių formavimo ir aplinkos estetikos požiūriais

Author(s): INDRAJA RAUDONIKYTĖ / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 121/2024

The rapid transformation of production and lifestyles in the 19th and 20th centuries also led to changes in community and in the physical and aesthetic character of human living environments, which we might now call the modernist transformation. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, in addition to social justice concerns that have not lost their relevance, ecological and climate change issues are being addressed, and Western countries are embarking on a so-called ’green transformation’. Looking at the parallels and differences between the social and environmental transformations of the 20th and 21st centuries, the paper aims to compare the modernist and sustainability transformations of the 20th and 21st centuries, their similarities and intersections, and to propose possible solutions to the identified problems in the fields of community and environmental aesthetics, a kind of ’middle way’ which, according to E.M. Mazzola (2019), could be called inheritable sustainability. The research methods include qualitative literature review and analysis, and the author’s reflections on urban transformation and the aesthetic expression of sustainability.

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LIETUVOS SAVIVALDYBIŲ TARYBŲ NARIŲ DARBOTVARKĖS PRIORITETAI: REGIONINIAI SKIRTUMAI IR MIESTO-KAIMO DICHOTOMIJA

Author(s): Viktorija Baranauskienė,Jurga Bučaitė-Vilkė,Aistė Lazauskienė,Ieva Dryžaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2025

This paper aims to ascertain the attitudes of Lithuanian municipal councillors with regard to the objectives of the local government agenda, i.e. which objectives are considered priorities by these individuals. The object of the research was selected to be members of municipal councils elected in the 5 March 2023 elections due to the alterations to the legal framework and the role of municipal councillors that occurred prior to these elections. To address the research question, the present study utilised the questionnaire survey from the international study “European councilor” (with a focus on the Lithuanian context). The quantitative data analysis revealed that the attitudes of local politicians towards the agenda’s priorities exhibited geographical variation across the national territory, with distinct traditional (socio-economic), territorial development and environmental quality improvement issues being prominent in different regions. The analysis of attitudes has also highlighted the centre-periphery (urban-rural) dichotomy, particularly in terms of territorial development.

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