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Трансформации на фолклорната и религиозната култура в Странджа през призмата на обичая Еньова буля и култа към св. Модест

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Трансформации на фолклорната и религиозната култура в Странджа през призмата на обичая Еньова буля и култа към св. Модест

Author(s): Mira Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Over the last decades, the Strandzha region suffers a serious demographic crisis and the outflow of population results in significant change in the local culture. The empirical data of the current research is based on fieldwork in villages of Fakia (Central Strandzha, Sredets Municipality). The aim is to give a picture of the current condition of the folklore and religious culture through symbolic and specific phenomena. Enyova bulya custom is widely spread in Strandzha region and is conceived as an accent in the Enyovden (Yanovden) celebrations that take place on the 24th of June and is one of the main summer feast days until the ’60s of the 20th century. Enyova bulya is associated with fertility, maiden's transition and the well-being of the settlement community. Today, the custom is disconnected from the context of the festive life of the researched community as far as the world view of the main actors has been changed. Main doers are elderly women, the time of the celebrations is not exactly fixed thus the sacredness of the actions is automatically degenerated. A conclusion can be made that the custom nowadays has the characteristics of a tourist attraction in some aspects. Keeping the celebrations is perceived as a need to declare local identity and local diversity. The transformations in the religious culture of the researched community can be analysed in a similar direction. St. Modest cult (celebrated on December 18) is seen as “typical only for Strandzha region”. In the past, the cult is related to the local livelihood – livestock-raising and agriculture. For example, in Fakia village is believed that the woman that gives out ritual bread first will be the first to finish harvesting. Today, as a result of drastic changes in livelihood, the cult exists as a characteristic of local religious culture – grounds for the local dimensions of cultural identity. Anyway, ritual practices serve the local identity. Searching a motivation in tradition keeps alive a local peasant community in process of dramatic demographic and social crises in Strandzha region.

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ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ГОРОЖАН В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИИ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 1950-х – НАЧАЛЕ 1980-х гг. (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ АНГАРО-ЕНИСЕЙСКОГО РЕГИОНА)

Author(s): N.V. Gonina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The industrialization developed in the late XX century in Angara-Yenisei region promoted not only the territory development and the cities growth but also considerable sociocultural changes. In the cities of the region transition from traditional consciousness to the industrial one goes at an accelerated pace. The important role in this process was played by the large industrial enterprises of the Union value which had defined urban environment development parameters of that period of time. As a result of industrialization and urbanization of the region one can observe the transition from paternalism and collectivism to individualization, understanding of personality worthiness, material needs priority growth. These tendencies are of fragmentary and changeable character. Features of traditional, industrial and post-industrial society in the framework of the Soviet system are interwoven with polychromatic picture of sociocultural identity of a transition period. They gained the greatest expressiveness in the regional centers, the smallest level — in the peripheral not industrial cities.

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Трудности советской урбанизации и создания «социалистического города» на мультикультурной периферии: Казань 20-х годов XX века

Author(s): Thomas M. Bohn,Svetlana Yu. Malysheva,Alla Arkadevna Salnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

Based on the example of Kazan in the 1920s, the difficulties and problems of implementing the Soviet policy of urbanization and “socialist city” construction in cities with a nationally and religiously heterogeneous population are shown. This policy and the related processes of rural-urban migration, “indigenization”, “apartment redistribution”, and development of the urban outskirts at the expense of the former “bourgeois” center destroyed, deliberately and purposefully, the urban culture that had previously prevailed here and changed the social and national composition of the urban population. Therefore, they can be regarded as the tools of “positive discrimination”. The “positive discrimination” of the formerly dominant urban Russian culture in favor of the developing Tatar culture, mostly in its rural variant, manifested itself very clearly in education, namely in the content and design of the Soviet Tatar alphabet (alifba). However, the practice of granting preferences to the previously discriminated strata turned out to be short-term, tooled for the tasks of immediate strengthening of the social base of the Soviet power, and designed to destroy the former society and culture. These practices of dealing with multiculturalism became less popular by the late 1920s–early 1930s, as the Bolshevik power stabilized and “state-oriented” and unifying tendencies in the power policy increased.

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Туристички потенцијали Рашке регије и развој сеоског туризма

Author(s): Rajko Golić,Mila Pavlović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2011

In order to find solutions for stopping negative economic processes in the Raška region, as well as land reclamation and depopulation of villages, one of the main activities is adequate restructuration of the economy, according to available resources. In this paper we analyze a place of tourism in the Raška region, as an activity to which is not given appropriate developmental role in the previous development policies, as opposed to diverse and attractive natural and anthropogenic values. In the paper we identify the most significant tourism potentials of the Raška region and their evaluation score. Special attention is given to rural tourism as one of the activities that can have a greater role in future plans for demographic and economic revitalization of this area. We analyze the current state of rural tourism in the Raška region, and indicate main limiting factors that prevent rapid development of this, in many ways, primary form of tourism.

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Туристичне освоєння соціокультурного простору міста

Author(s): Stepan Ivanovich Dychkovskyy / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2020

The purpose of the article. Is to study the use of socio-cultural space of the city in tourism. The methodology involves the use of historical, bibliographic, and analytical methods. The scientific novelty of the work is to substantiate the feasibility and application of a new concept of socio-cultural space of the city, which plays a major role in the status of the city, its location, landscape features, cultural monuments, historical past. Conclusions. It is determined that the urban space reflects the processes of modern cultural reality and is expressed in the artifacts of urban life, objects of tourist display. It is proved that for the consumption of tourist services the modern tourist industry forms territorial city brands. Using attractive images and historical and socio-cultural objects that provide the traveler with the opportunity to freely navigate in obtaining new experiences that contribute to the uniqueness and originality of the city.

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Тютюневият град: дискурсът на индустриалното наследство

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Тютюневият град: дискурсът на индустриалното наследство

Author(s): Lina Gergova,Yana Gergova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The Tobacco city is a case which at a certain moment attracted significant publicattention; at the same time, it is an example which combines various discourses. Inorder to find the specificity of this case, the article examines three more exampleswhich in geographical and historical aspect are appropriate for comparative researchon the problem, having in mind the commensurability in reference to size and significanceof the settlement and the cultural and industrial traditions, the relevant timecoincidence of the processes, as well as the geographical and economic representativeness.The research questions which the study attempts to answer are analyticalas well as completely practical, related to real management and political decisions.From an anthropological point of view, we are interested in the problem of the correlationbetween re-functionalizing with the purpose of settling, attracting investmentsand publics, and updating the use and access, one the one hand, and, on the other, thenarrative which represents the space itself in its capacity of heritage and the degree towhich this narrative should be preserved.

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УДОВЛЕТВОРЕННОСТЬ ЖИЗНЬЮ В «ГОРОДЕ НЕВЕСТ»

Author(s): Ekaterina Vladimirovna Pankratova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article is devoted to the analysis of life satisfaction phenomenon. Treatments of the concept of foreign and domestic scientists are given. Various ways of life satisfaction assessment are analyzed. The results of the author's sociological research (May, 2013) are given in article. The survey purpose is to study various aspects of Ivanovo population life satisfaction. As a result of research factors, influencing life satisfaction, are revealed.

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УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СТРУКТУРИ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ШЛЯХОМ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ЗЕЛЕНОГО ТУРИЗМУ

Author(s): Larysa Marmul,Iryna Romaniuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 38/2018

The subject of the research is the structure of the labor market of rural areas through the development of enterprises of rural green tourism. The purpose of the work is to identify problems and trends of employment of rural population and to substantiate the organization of alternative types of employment in rural areas through the development of rural green tourism enterprises. Methodological basis of the article became general scientific methods of cognition, generalization, method of comparative analysis, statistical and other methods of research. Results of work The labor market in the countryside is characterized by the curtailment of job offers through the holding of agrarian production, its modernization. There is an increase in labor productivity, the release of large masses of the rural population, a decrease in the levels of its income and life. This leads to the search for and justification of alternative types of employment in the countryside. One of them is the definition of rural green tourism and its enterprises. Moreover, the organization of small tourist enterprises and agro-villages in the village does not require significant investments and special professional training of workers. They are based on the use of material resources of farmers, personal peasant and households, as well as the traditions of hospitality and the rural way of life of Ukrainians. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used by the state executive authorities in improving the structure of the labor market of rural areas. Conclusions With the purpose of developing the rural economy and expanding the labor market for rural residents, we proposed the development of rural green tourism enterprises. The organization of new types of economic activity in rural areas is intended to increase the incomes of rural population. With the active development of unique and competitive destinations for rural green tourism, for which rural areas are used as an advantage, rather than treated as a disadvantage, it is possible to reach a sufficiently high level of profitability. This will give impetus to the further development of the countryside and the emergence of adjacent or serving businesses.

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Узроци осиромашења градова и градског становништва

Author(s): Ranka Perić Romić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

Studying poverty in urban environments can be done from two aspects: inner factors, which imply municipality politics with the final goal of improvement of the city’s environment by making profit through income taxes, rents and fees for building licences and zoning permits; and external factors, which imply economical and political turmoil and necessary course of industrial progress followed by urbanization processes. The inner factors imply planned urban environment restructuring, and one of the ways is gentrification process and, also, homogenisation of the social heterogeneous urban areas. Urbanisation, as an external factor, is connected with the industrial and technical-technological progress. In advanced part of the world, urbanisation does the filtration of urban population in class hierarchical structure, due to labour market competitiveness, while the urbanisation of the Third world states reflects crisis made by social-political turmoil and by industrialisation that hasn’t achieved degree of growth in a way to be able to absorb incoming population from rural areas. Urban poverty is conditioned by specific features, which are vital for life in city surroundings, among all, inadequate and insufficient income, low level of education, subtenant and habitation in ghettos and slums, inadequate provision of public infrastructures and so on. A city is a spatial expression for social segregation and by that, generally, of poverty.

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Український фольклор і сучасність: аксіологія збереженості (за матеріалами Донецького регіону)

Author(s): Tyurikova Elena Vitalievna / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 23/2013

The article analyses the different categories and ways of preserving Ukrainian folk songs in urban Donbass. It is shown that in modern culture region functions a traditional folklore, saved residual of folklore, reproduced a popular-song composition.

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Улога институција у културном и економском развоју руралних подручја Cрбије

Author(s): Sanja Šuljagić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2011

In this paper author presented various causes for stagnation and backwardness of people’s life in rural areas of Serbia. The author analyzed the fact that throughout history Serbia has been mainly an agrarian state and yet the status and ranking of Serbian peasants (in particular the status and ranking of the ploughmen and stock-breeders) in terms of their life standard and background has remained very low in general. Using a historical narration and comparative method of analysis the author underlined following causes that have obstructed substantial development of rural areas in the state - low level of literacy of the peasants, their political elites focusing on mutual political struggles instead of creating environment for even substantial development in the state since the beginning of creation of modern civil state in nineteen century and problem of unfinished infrastructure throughout the state. The author underlined current trend of popularity of so-called „ethno-villages“ and „ethno-museums“ as the institutions of culture in the rural areas of the state. In the context the author suggested their (re) construction along with creation of some new projects in the field of local gastronomy and branding of certain tourist regions and their original agricultural products as some sort of opportunity for stimulation of substantial development in the rural regions. Citing similar positive examples in developed states the author argued that such institutions and projects could provide appropriate environment for enrollment of the peasant population in economic activities in rural regions as some sort of a specific upgrade of tradition and a way of modernization of the rural regions in the state.

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УНИВЕРСИТЕТ И ГОРОД: ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИМИДЖА (СЛУЧАЙ ПЕРМИ)

Author(s): K. Punina,M. Romashova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of an urban area’s image formation as a "University city". The authors consider the image modeling tools of the university in the city with the example of Perm State University. As the main instruments for the place’s image formation, the authors consider slogans and positioning, visual symbols, events and activities, public relations. The authors find out whether the university can influence on the city image formation and promotion as an attractive geographic and symbolic space, different from other areas.

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Урбана безбедност као јавно добро

Author(s): Nataša Danilović Hristić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

The safety of the community means protection of the people and goods of every kind of the threats and damages, as positive results of the crime prevention are very important aspect of the quality of the urban life. The public (city, urban) space is essential for the urban environment; it provides identity and image, usually referring to the open and to all citizens available ambiance, regardless of their gender, race, ethnic origin, age or socio-economical status and without financial compensation for its use. Unfortunately, exactly in such kind of the environment it is possible the phenomenon of the everyday violence, which results with harmful consequences as inadequately or reduced use of the public spaces, because of the fear for the personal safety, which leads to the overall decrease of the economical value of the location, the social segregation and similar negative and hardly corrigible results. The urban planning and legal regulations as a assemblage of all legal and sublegal documents, standards and normative of the profession, as spatial and urban plans of the different levels of detailing, coverage and theme, compiled according to orderly obligations and procedures, have a goal to regulate the relationships in the space and could significantly contribute to increasing of the level of urban safety.

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Урбана истраживања у етнологији и антропологији у Србији – од „удаљеног погледа“ до „субдисциплине

Author(s): Srđan Radović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

This paper discusses urban research in Serbian ethnology (later on also anthropology). The era from the formal institutionalization of ethnology at the turn of the twentieth century until present day is segmented into five consecutive periods: the period before 1945, years between the end of World War II and the 1970s, from the seventies until the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the 1990s and the early 2000s, and the most recent contemporary period. This approximate timeline is made having in mind the state of urban research in Serbian ethnology and anthropology in the last more than hundred years, and prevalent periodizations of the overall disciplinary history; the paper gives a chronological discussion of dominant tracks and themes of ethnological/anthropological research of the cities.

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УРБАНА КУЛТУРА: ОСНОВА ОДРЖИВЕ МУЛТИКУЛТУРАЛНОСТИ

Author(s): Ljubinko Pušić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2002

In the intricate network of cultural meanings - a network that spreads over society, an inevitable fact is that cities in Vojvodina bear numerous characteristics of urban life, with very specific qualities of regional cultural-genetic meanings. By preserving and developing new forms of urbanity in a highly multicultural environment, the urban centres of Vojvodina can become examples of how urban culture appears as a prerequisite for sustainable urban development. Urban culture comes to existence as a combination of circumstances in which the central figure on the city scene is the citizen.

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Урбананімічны дыскурс у постсавецкай Беларусі

Author(s): Jerzy Gordziejew / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 41/2017

This article attempts to analyze the current state of the Belarusian urban namespace. This toponymic study covers selected Belarusian cities and shows the clash of different discourses and strategies of social memory. Since the mid-nineteenth century state authorities intervened with urban place naming and created a symbolic space of the Belarusian city. During the 20th century names of urban objects were replaced completely. The aim of the paper is to discuss different approaches to the policy of urban place names. Characteristic motivational-semantic features of Belarusian urbanonymic design of the last 25 years are in coexistence with different semantic types, predominance of Soviet street names to the detriment of Belarusian. Thus it should be noted that the policies of current authorities seek to preserve Soviet toponimical heritage. Therefore street names still reflect historical figures and values of Soviet history. On the other hand the formation of the urbanonyms of Belarusian connotation is connected not so much with the decommunization of the urban landscape, but with the process of nomination of streets arising mainly for newly established streets in new districts in the outskirts of towns. No doubt, the only exception is Maladzechna where in the 1990s urban toponymy space had been decommunized. Finally, the article discusses numerous examples of Belarusian toponymic activism.

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Урбане агломерације у функцији регионалне интеграције Србије и југоисточне Европе

Author(s): Dragutin Tošić,Nikola Krunić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2005

In this article is analyzed the importance of urban agglomerations in the regional organization of Serbian space at one side, and on the other side they are taken as carriers of the future integration of the serbian urban system into the urban of the South-Eastern Europe (SEE). In the regional configuration of Serbia, more different forms of territorial impacts of urbanization, urban areas and urban regions. High level of urban centralization is formed under the influence of the population density and functions of the metropolitan area of Belgrade. The problems of unbalanced disposition of population growth and qualitative transformation of urban centers are stressed and analyzed. Based on the role in integration process in the SEE, the metropolitan region of Belgrade is pointed out as its principal carrier and the metropolitan region of Niš as its secondary carrier, as well as the urban centers of importance for the cross-border regional cooperation. As the most suitable instrument of internal regional integration the model of Functional Urban Regions (FURs) or Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) is proposed, and for external regional integration is proposed the model of Metropolitan European Growth Areas (MEGAs). The coherent short-term and long-term development strategies for serbian towns and their regions seem absent.

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Урбани туризам на прагу 21. Века

Author(s): Marina¸J. Todorović,Senta Jerković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2010

Urban tourism at the beginning of the 21st century has become a significant factor in the development of cities. Its theoretical foundation is based on spatial models that have developed over the last 50 years. Today gravitational spatial models of destination are formed. The urban structure of a city has become an important motivator of urban travel system. Its structure is adapted to travel trends, while on the other hand, travel trends have a feedback on urban development. This process affects architectural and spatial-functional activities, including social change. It can easily lead to the growth of a city in a tourist city.

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Урбанизация в России и значение малых и средних городов в развитии сельских территорий

Author(s): Irina Sekushina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 08/2018

The article is devoted to the study of the main tendencies of urbanization in Russia, the role of small and medium-sized cities in the socio-economic development of the country. The aim of the work is to analyze the statistical data to identify the main demographic trends in urban processes, as well as to determine the importance of small and medium-sized cities in the development of adjacent rural areas.The article shows the main indicators of the population of Russia, which testify to the active processes of urbanization, the concentration of the inhabitants of the country in large cities, the outflow of population from small and medium-sized cities. In the regional context, the example of the Vologda region presents the dynamics of the number of city inhabitants. The analysis of the statistical data showed that in most small and medium cities in the region there is a migration loss of population, the processes of which continue to the present. The author put forward the hypothesis that small and medium-sized cities have a direct impact on the development of the adjacent rural areas. The conclusions are drawn that the simultaneous use of the sectoral, industrial and territorial potential of small and medium-sized cities can contribute not only to their effective development, but also to the solution of the social and economic problems of rural areas.

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УРБАНИЗАЦИЯ КАК ХОЗЯЙСТВО: ВЕДОМСТВЕННЫЕ ГОРОДА НЕФТЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ РАЙОНОВ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ (1960 – 1980 гг.)

Author(s): I.N. Stasj / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

In this article the urbanisation process in the oil and gas producing regions of the Western Siberia in the period of oil and gas exploration (1960’s - 1980’s) is analysed. The region urbanisation is treated on three meta-levels – the organisation of towns’ resettlement system, urban environment formation, towns’ identity designing. Interaction and confrontation between main subjects of urbanisation – departmental and towns’ elite and discourses – took place exactly on these meta-levels. The author comes to a conclusion that urbanisation of oil and gas producing regions of the Western Siberia was of departmental origin and matter: resettlement system was adjusted to the town-planning experience of departments; urban environment was formed as the mixture of isolated departmental economies; towns served as “seigneurial oikos”. There was no towns’ identity, and identification of towns’ citizens was principally based upon the industrial characteristic.

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