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УРБАНІЗАЦІЯ В ДИЗАЙНІ

Author(s): Yevhen Hula / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 33/2018

Purpose of the article is to research the general role of urbanization, and urbanistic in development of design is conducted. The methodology of research consists in the application of comparative, historical and logical methods. The specified methodological approach allows to open and subject to the analysis of specific models of a ratio of urbanization and design. The scientific novelty of work consists in the expansion of ideas of evolution of design in his ratio with urbanization. The place of design in the urbanized world of XXI century is revealed. Determination of design during an era of postmodernism and dynamic urbanization is offered. The value of design of the urban environment is considered.

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Урбанізація як виклик продовольчій безпеці країни

Author(s): Lesya Sheludko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 39/2018

Actuality of the research topic. A number of global trends affects food supply and consumption, as well as food security in the world. The main one is the growth of the world population primarily in emerging countries and urbanization of the population. Accordingly, the topic of food security in the context of urbanization becomes highly relevant. Problem statement. It should be noted, that urbanization changes the quantity and structure of food products, increases the demand for quality products, impacts on food security and economic security of the country in general. Review of recent research and publications. Urbanization is a very complex subject; so many well-known foreign and domestic scientists from different fields of science have studied various aspects of urbanization. At the same time, the vast majority of publications are mostly theoretical and cover the demographic and geographical aspects of urban processes, while the issues of economic analysis and the impact of urbanization on food security remain inadequately studied. Task statement, research methods. The article aims to study the process of urbanization in the world and in Ukraine, as well as to identify the impact of urban processes on the economic development of countries and food security in order to develop recommendations on prospects and opportunities for Ukraine. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper describes the main processes of urbanization, which take place in different countries and in the world as a whole, as well as in Ukraine. The influence of urbanization processes on the economic development of the countries is determined, namely, that the countries with high level of urbanization have high economic development and accordingly the high Gross National Product per capita. It has been discovered, that urbanization also affects the food security of countries, as the number of urban population increases, the structure of consumer products changes, and the demand for food increases as well. Summary. Urbanization represents both a challenge and an opportunity for the development of agriculture, as well as food security. Urbanization provides opportunities for Ukraine in the face of growing demand for food, to improve its export potential.

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Урбанізація як об’єкт кримінологічного дослідження

Author(s): Vikyoria Boyko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 136/2017

The article deals with the problem of urbanization as a factor that affects the crime in terms of political, military conflict and economic crisis.One of the most urgent and complex issues of public life in Ukraine is the problem of a crime: a level, a structure, and a growth rate. All the information we get from official statistics from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and media indicates it. Even now changes in the dynamics and structure of crime occur, criminal situation in Ukraine is very complicated. A number of manifestations of deviant behavior, recession, deregulation of a financial system, shortage of money in the state treasury, political instability, low paying capacity – all of aforementioned issues go beyond the legal framework, and cause an emergence of various processes in the country, the effects of which then modern Ukrainian society feels.The criminal situation becomes more complicated because of the consequences of a military conflict in the East of the country. The migration process, that emerged today in the middle of our country, is more of a criminal nature, rather than brings stability to the state. In the estimation of experts, the number of urban population has increased dramatically, and from this criminality arises. It is mostly connected with the fact that people do not have financial security that can be reliable due to employment or various assistance provided for by a state. Also, a factor that induces a person to commit an offense is non-emotional resistance to new relationships in the surrounding society, difference of interests, poor living conditions and struggle for survival in a hostile environment. A person is a body that constantly works, but when it reaches a peak of an emotional state, there comes a time for restarting of life’s important landmarks, that has a nature of positive and negative direction. The choice of further ways of existence depends not only on internal human characteristics, but also on driving force, which exists around it, and is important.This article defines the essence and meaning of urbanization and crime. The impact of this factor on people’s lives, social relationships prevailing in cities where different socio-psychological relationships are concentrated.

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УРБАНІСТИЧНА КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЯ: ПОЧУТИ ОБРАЗ МІСТА (ЧАСТИНА І)

Author(s): Iryna Boholiubova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 35/2019

The purpose of the article is to develop a binary system of the image of the city: collective-individual and concrete-abstract. Determining the features of the study of the image of the city through the prism of the soundscape. Generalization of the world experience of representation of the results of soundscape application in cultural practices. Methodology. This development involves structural and functional, terminological methods, interviews, content analysis, modeling method. Scientific novelty lies in the research of the soundscape method for the first time in Ukrainian cultural thought, as well as in the interpretation of the phenomenon of the image of the city in audio compositions created on the basis of field-recording.

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УРБАНІСТИЧНА КУЛЬТУРОЛОГІЯ: ПОЧУТИ ОБРАЗ МІСТА (ЧАСТИНА ІІ)

Author(s): Iryna Boholiubova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 36/2019

The purpose of the article is to establish the correlation between the urban phonosphere and the binary system of understanding the image of the city. Determination of features of fixation, synthesis and transformation of the sound landscape of a particular image into cultural practices that form an abstract image of the city. Methodology. It involves the application of theoretical and empirical methods such as: an interview that will provide information on the individual perception of a particular image of space, the specificity of fixation of the urban phonosphere, as well as its transformation into cultural practices and thus the representation of images by the authors of the content being analyzed; content analysis is carried out in order to select works on specific topics, the analysis of which will reveal the peculiarities of interpretation of the information contained in the works and patterns of representation of the urban space image by the authors; structural-functional method is used to determine the relationship of concrete-abstract, individual-collective as structural elements in the system of interpretation of the image of the city through the prism of urban soundscape. Scientific novelty. In this development, an attempt was made for the first time to determine the peculiarities of the correlation of the fixed and transformed elements of the urban phonosphere according to the binary system of the city image: collective-individual, concrete-abstract. Conclusions. In this article, the first important steps in the theoretical and empirical study of the functioning of the system of classification of the phenomenon of the image of the city are made. The soundscape capability to represent transformation processes in space through the fixation of the sound landscape is substantiated. The reality of the existence of individual, collective perception, and the emergence of individually-symmetrical images is determined. The possibility of the existence of a form of the primary collective perception of the image of space, its authenticity of fixation, and representation has been established.

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Урбаністычны дыскурс i нацыянальная ідэнтычнасць у беларускай і украінскай паэзіі 20—30 гадоу ХХ стагоддзя

Author(s): Zhanna Shaladonava / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 5/2013

The author emphasizes the role which the town played in the socio-political and spiritual-cultural consolidation of the nation in particular state forms (Kievan Rus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania). She pays attention to the traditional national mentality of Belarusian and Ukrainian people connected with peasant civilization. Social processes and industrialization influence the form of urban themes and poetry.

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Урбанонімічні акти в контексті сучасних інформаційних війн: символічна і комунікаційна функції

Author(s): Dmytro Vasilyevich Danylchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 26/2019

The study is relevant due to the need for effective diagnosis of such manifestations of the information war, they have the external form of memorial urbanonymic acts (name and renaming). Revealing of the hidden essence of an urban anonymous act is possible provided that it is properly described in terms of the social communication theory and a corresponding analysis of both the structure and functions of the act itself as well as the associated media texts. This should contribute, on the one hand, to counteract hostile acts of information war disguised as urbanonymic memorial changes, and, on the other hand, to use, consciously and systematically, similar tools of information influence. The theoretical significance of this intelligence is to expand the application field of the theory of social communication and social communication science as a whole due to urbanonymy as one of the channels of mass communication. The purpose of the research is to describe this category of urbanonymic acts, to determine their functions in the aspect of social communication, to propose the criteria for distinguishing the analyzed denominations from the general array of names and renames in urbanonymy. The study used the following methods: descriptive – to determine the type of urbannymic acts and to determine the factors that influence the acquisition of the character of the démarches to foreign countries; methods of analysis and synthesis – in order to formulate criteria for the presence in the act of signs of a foreign policy demarche; empiric analysis and structural-functional analysis – to reveal the information and socio-political context of the urbanonyma changes and to clarify their functional characteristics. As a result of the analysis of urbanonymic renamings in Ukraine during 2014–2019, criteria have been formulated which allowed to distinguish urbanonymic acts with signs of foreign policy demarche. The functions of such acts in the context of modern information wars are defined, in particular the key role of symbolic and communication functions is substantiated.

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Уредба на вещните права върху горски територии

Author(s): Vladimir Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

The paper analyses important aspects of the new 2011 Forests Act of Bulgaria which was adopted to replace the previous Forests Act of 1977, which provisions were abusively used to carry out corruption transactions with forests and lands situated within forests. Such abusive practices caused huge damages to the state and municipal property over those forests and lands. The subject-matter under consideration is of significance, since the Forests Act has undoubtedly the important mission to protect forests and forest territories which constitute important part of Bulgaria’s national treasure.

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Устойчиво градско развитие: постижения и предизвикателства

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Устойчиво градско развитие: постижения и предизвикателства

Author(s): Rumiana Jeleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The aim of the text is to highlight the achievements and outline the challenges which the European Union (EU) policy for sustainable development is facing in an attempt to identify the orientation and boundaries of a successful urban development strategy. Firstly, I analyze the problems related to the definition of the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development. Secondly, I raise the question why cities and urban development are important when talking about and striving for sustainability. On this theoretical basis and based on the presented data on urbanization and urban development, the text focuses further on the strategies for sustainable urban development at European level and in a global context, highlighting possible perspectives and obstacles. The thesis presented is that cities, city governments and urban communities are one of the main “players” in sustainable development policy at all levels – global, supranational (European Union), regional, national and local. The analysis of the policies at two of these levels – global and European – shows that cities are indeed leaders in the process of sustainable development. Under the pressure of urbanization, intensified human mobility and concentration of services in urban spaces, it is increasingly necessary to think globally and in terms of sustainability. The EU Urban Agenda, adopted in 2016, introduces an innovative working method for multilevel management of sustainability and objectives, co-chaired by all partners on a voluntary, inclusive, and equal basis. This confirms the conclusion that sustainable urban development and sustainable development in general are impossible without coordinated action, common strategies and shared visions of all social actors and stakeholders as well as integrated approach at EU level.

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УТИЦАЈ ЕЛЕМЕНАТА ИНТЕРКУЛТУРНОСТИ И ИНТЕРКУЛТУРНОГ ОБРАЗОВАЊА НА РАЗВОЈ ИНТЕРКУЛТУРНЕ ОСВЕШЋЕНОСТИ И ФОРМИРАЊЕ ЛИЧНОСТИ УЧЕНИКА НОВОПАЗАРСКИХ ШКОЛА

Author(s): Adnan H. Bjelak / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 76/2021

The goal of the analysis is to confirm the hypothesis that the elements of interculturalism and intercultural education influence the development of intercul- tural awareness and the formation of the overall personality of students in schools оf Novi Pazar. In a survey conducted in October of the school year 2020/21. 83 students participated in Novi Pazar primary and secondary schools (43 primary school stu- dents and 40 secondary school students). The research was conducted by surveying students of Novi Pazar schools, in which case the survey consisted of closed and open questions, and examined students’ attitudes about the concept of interculturality and intercultural education, where we by quantitatively-qualitative analysis confirm our initial hypotheses that interculturality and intercultural education affect the cultural awareness of students, their generation of attitudes, which lead to the development of the overall personality of students, their acceptance of cultural differences, anti- discriminatory behavior, tolerance and mutual dialogue.

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Утицај миграционе компоненте на демографске потенцијале појединих ванградских насеља у Србији

Author(s): Danica Šantić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2004

Period after Second World War was a time well known after the very large population movement from rural to urban areas which cause depopulation in numerous rural settlements in Serbia. Emigration from villages to towns decimated, in demographic sense, small settlements in the first place, and urban areas became bearers of the population growth. Some of the rural settlements had priviledge of their geographic position and certain functions and that’s why they attracted population from other places. In those settlements number of people who moved in (was not bom there) was more than 50% of total population. In this paper this rural settlements will be discussed about.

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Утицај порекла становништва на формирање и облик села: пример села у општини Косјерић

Author(s): Duško Kuzović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 165/2018

Kosjerić area settling happened during 18th and 19th century. Families that had moved there, brought with them certain needs and habits in: site selection, mode of agricultural production, position of the building on the plot and house shaping. The paper analyzes the influences immigrating families brought from former habitat, influences that shaped arrangement of village settling and how aforementioned impacts manifested on physical structure of hamlets and villages. Registered processes are useful for understanding current processes in the Serbian village. The paper is based on the documentation collected from 1994 to 2004.

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ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОМЕЩИЧЬЕГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ЛАИШЕВСКОГО УЕЗДА КАЗАНСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ В ПОРЕФОРМЕННЫЙ ПЕРИОД

Author(s): Yelena Valerevna Mironova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

Using unpublished materials, we consider manor farms in the Laishevsky uyezd in the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century. By analyzing factors and patterns of development of manors of the nobility, we come to a conclusion that manors in this uyezd were in favorable geographical and socio-economic conditions. However, due to a number reasons such as loan debts, lack of agronomic knowledge among owners and stewards, landowners’ engagement in state service, the reduction of manor land ownership look place.

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Фашизъм – националсоциализъм

Author(s): Voin Bojinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

After the end of the World War One the old political habits were put under a serious test. The tough consequences of the conflict led to new ideologies that offered quick and easy recipes for coming out of the aftermath of the after military crisis. The Italian fascism, for example, promoted the vision of a strong state, guided by the Fascist Party and its leader. The leader, his party embodied the state. They were its image and content. These understandings were “further developed” by the German National Socialism, which added to them the racial hatred and the idea of the superiority of the Aryan. Everybody knows what the final of these political experiments was.

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Фемининность в дискурсивном пространстве российского истеблишмента

Author(s): A. L. Shishelyakina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The main purpose of the article — to shed light on the dynamics of the discourse of the Russian establishment on the issue of femininity and the social role of women in society. The material of press in Tyumen region shows the post-Soviet transformation of the discourse of the establishment. The author draws attention to the normative and non-normative patterns of femininity, mechanisms of stigmatization of non-normative patterns of femininity in different historical periods.

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ФЕНОМЕН АРКАИМА В МИФОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПОЛЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Author(s): Elena Sozina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The article discusses the evolution of the theme of Arkaim in the cultural consciousness of Russia of the last decade. There are three groups of approaches to this topic: scientific analysis of Arkaim’s phenomen and its sharp criticism, apologetics and mythological interpretation, attempt to understand what constitutes Arkaim (this is the most rare and difficult position). Hence we see the different images and ideologies created around this historical and archaeological monument of South Urals. Arkaim embodies the idea of a special status of the Urals, or the idea of Aryan civilization, or the national idea of Russia. The analysis involves the materials of Internet resources and different genres of essays by contemporary scholars, ideologues, journalists, critics.

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Феномен кофейни — инновационная форма досуга Лондонского образованного общества эпохи поздних Стюартов или?

Author(s): Vladimir Aleksandrovich Evseev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

Recreation and entertainment have always been an important part of a person’s daily life. The second half of the XVII century made significant changes in the usual way of spending time of the city dweller of England, and first of all of the capital. These changes were inextricably linked with the further growth of their well-being, which could be spent on new leisure activities. This aspect was facilitated by the fact that with the beginning of the Restoration, strict Puritan supervision over the sphere of recreation and entertainment weakened. The court nobility and the London urban elite become pioneers in the new kinds of leisure. In the reign of the late Stuarts, there is a certain transformation in the forms of recreation and entertainment compared to the times of Shakespeare. The phenomenon of the appearance of coffee shops testifies to the emergence of a new aesthetics of leisure of wealthy and educated social strata of the capital society of England of the late Stuart era. Coffee houses of this time serve as an example of the fact that there was a process of rationalization of leisure, i. e. the free pastime of the Englishman acquires practical meaning, closely intertwined with his aesthetic values and professional interests. Leisure in coffee shops becomes part of the business etiquette of the business circles of the City, which gathered in the coffee shops “Lloyd”, “Harvey” and “Jonathan”, located next to the Royal Exchange. The literary elite of the capital gathered in the coffee shops of “Wills” and “Button”, and the artistic bohemia in “Slauter”. Coffee shops have become a new form of leisure with higher aesthetic demands for their visitors and appropriate rules of conduct. However, the spirit of mercantilism and rationalism, which flourished in this era, led to the fact that some visitors to these institutions combined leisure and professional activities.

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ФЕНОМЕН ПАМ’ЯТІ МІСТ ЯК ЦІЛІСНОСТІ ЧАСОВОГО ВИМІРУ

Author(s): Mykoła Habrel,Taras Habrel / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2021

The purpose of the work is to systematically comprehend the phenomenon of the city and its space in the parameters of memory, to consider the memory of the city as a whole of temporal dimension, to outline its «coordinates» in the space of Lviv and to supplement the method of their consideration in design decisions. Methodology. The main provisions of the system approach are used in the article; a set of methods and approaches that will ensure the conceptual unity of the study of theoretical and practical components - content analysis (interpretation of the essence of basic concepts), modeling methods and historical; survey of city residents, as well as graphics-analytical, cartographic methods. The scientific novelty of the work is to reveal the phenomenon of city memory as a whole of time, as well as the analysis of the city through the prism of individual, collective and historical memory. Conclusions. Understanding the memory of the city and place will allow professionals to expand the tools for substantiating design decisions, help preserve and use not only the historical but also create a new environment without harm to the environment and human development, which is especially relevant during the urbanization of the historic environment.

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Феномен сожительства в северном регионе: масштабы, причины и демографические последствия

Author(s): S. A. Sukneva,A. S. Barashkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

Understanding cohabitation not only as a sign of the institutional crisis of the traditional marriage, but also as a recognition of the objectivity of this phenomenon necessitates consideration in sparsely populated remote regions of the country. At present in Yakutia every sixth married couple prefers to not register their marriage relationship and this without a doubt is one of the reasons for simplification and the deterioration of the family composition of the population of the Republic. From 2002 to 2010 the total number of married people remained almost the same, while the number of cohabitants rose 1,4 times. Very significant territorial differences can be found in the character of the changes in this indicator for both the general population and representatives of the three cohorts. Based on the materials of the survey and the group-focused interviews, causes and possible demographic consequences of the phenomenon of cohabitation are analyzed. The respondents mentioned “the opportunity to test this marriage” factor as the main one. This answer prevails in the responses of both men and women, regardless of their place of residence. Among other arguments of loyal and even sympathetic attitudes toward cohabitation, the respondents mention such notions and opportunities as: trusting each other and the ease of termination in case of failure. In each focus group, it was noted that illegitimate forms of marriage is brought from outside, is — in a way — some kind of “fashion”. This fashion for Yakuts mentality is detrimental. An important argument for the critical attitude of the society towards the phenomenon of cohabitation is also its restrictive effect on the birth-rate.

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ФЕНОМЕН СОЦИЈАЛНЕ ИСКЉУЧЕНОСТИ У ПЕРИОДУ ТРАНЗИЦИЈЕ У СРБИЈИ

Author(s): Vukašin Ž. Kolarević,Sreten M. Jelić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

This paper considered the phenomenon of social exclusion and the period of its introduction by numerous participants in Serbia. The research of this phenomenon is accompanied by the analysis of unemployment, poverty and exclusion, regarding the access to education and health services in rural areas, as a quality indicator of the situation in Serbia. The aim of this research was attained by overviewing the position of social exclusion in the scientific and institutional frameworks, as well as its presence in Serbia. The survey was conducted both on the basis of official statistics in Serbia together with official statistics of European institutions with consideration of documents, official statements and previous researches. The results are presented through a number of indicators of social exclusion in rural areas, which are in some segments compared with urban areas.

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