A “green city” – attractions, animals and modernity: The establishment of the Warsaw Zoological Garden in independent Poland

Author(s): Karolina Wróbel-Bardzik / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2018

The article describes the history of establishing the Warsaw Zoological Garden in independent Poland after the First World War, a watershed period when it was possible to implement modern designs not only in the broader, national context, but also in the local and urban environment. Intensive discussions on the form of modernity attempted to find its version which would combine European and local inspiration. To some extent, the establishment of a modern zoo also defined the place of animals in the urban space. While some species were excluded from the city centre, others were put in the sphere of leisure time.

A kapitalocén – avagy mibe kerül az olcsó természet?

Author(s): Attila Szigeti / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 25/2019

In the last decades the Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation to the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis was not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature). According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subchapters are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than I interpret the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally I analyse the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.In the last decades the so-called Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation of the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis were not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature) in general. According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subsections are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than the paper interprets the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally it analyses the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.

A közösség által támogatott mezőgazdaság vizsgálata a termelők vonatkozásában

Author(s): Balog Árpád / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3-4/2016

A kraków to… Miasto innowacji. Gospodarka kreatywna jako czynnik rozwoju miast na przykładzie Krakowa – adaptacja koncepcji 3T Richarda Floridy

Author(s): Patrycja Kumięga / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

The subject of the paper is to analyze the concept of the creative class in relation to the conditions of Cracow and their impact on the local and regional development. The aim of the article is the justification that Cracow meets the requirements of a creative city and for its development are responsible the interaction of three factors (talent, technology and tolerance).

A LEADER-program Európában és Magyarországon

Author(s): Csaba Patkós / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2014

With the era of globalization, regions that lag behind are becoming ever more problematic worldwide – and intervention-like central development initiatives usually fail to deal with the problems. So-called immanent programmes building on bottom-up initiatives and aiming to involve local communities have been successful alternatives for decades now. In Europe, the LEADER initiative has been operating since the early 1990s. The relevance of local knowledge in such cases is introduced via a case study coming from a successful European LEADER local action group. In our article, anomalies existing within the Hungarian experience will be highlighted as well.

A MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC CITY: CASE OF CORDOBA

Author(s): S. Evinç TORLAK,Tanzer ÇELIKTÜRK,Onur KULAÇ,Recep ARSLAN / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

From Turkestan to Andalusia Spain, Medieval Islamic cities geographically occupied a wide area, and thus they had left their mark on the medieval era. Being one of these Islamic cities, Cordoba was seized by the Arabs in 711 and the first urbanization activities began upon moving the government centre from Seville to Cordoba. Later on, as the capital city of Andalusia Umayyad Dynasty, Cordoba became one of the most crucial cities of Spain in terms of science, art and trade. In this study, stating the features of medieval Western and Islamic cities, initially, the geographic, politic, economic and philosophic bases that took part in the establishment of the cities will be discussed and a specific focus will be made upon Cordoba city. Afterwards, information about the history, city layout and structure, city administration, socio-economic structure and cultural formation of Cordoba will be presented. This study reveals that Renaissance which is the main output of the European urbanization in medieval era cannot be considered apart from the administrative, socio-economic, cultural and architectural features of the Islamic cities within the context of Ibn Haldun’s thoughts.

A methodological approach to forecasting spatial distribution of workplaces in an industrial metropolis

Author(s): Viktoriya Viktorovna Akberdina,Oksana V. Tretyakova,Andrey I. Vlasov / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

Many world cities retain their unique industrial status. Such a feature of the economy of an industrial metropolis imposes additional requirements on the development of the forecast of spatial distribution of workplaces. The article highlights the contradictions of the long-term development of an industrial megalopolis, which become scenic forks, when forecasted. These include optimization of the industrial and trade-service sectors of the economy, the ratio of inertial and innovative development vectors, variability of migration flows and the choice of the agglomeration model type. The article is devoted to the problem of forecasting the development of a large metropolis, where the industrial sector plays a significant role in the economy. At the methodological level, the article justifies principles of spatial development of an industrial metropolis. The article describes forecasting tools for spatial location of workplaces, based on a combination of several models. The study was performed through the example of Ekaterinburg – the industrial capital of Russia; the metropolis scenarios were justified until 2035; the forecast of spatial distribution was calculated through the example of the two sectors competing for investments – industrial and trade-service. The authors substantiate spatial distribution of workplaces taking into account the projected number of people employed, the number of population of working age and distinguishing features of transport behavior of citizens. The paper demonstrates that the number of large industrial enterprises in a historically industrial center and its first zone decreases, and the modern industry in the form of small and medium-sized businesses located in industrial parks commence gradually forming a circuit with nodes on transport routes towards the largest consumer territories.

A mi smo kak su stari rekli... Mladi u seljačkim obiteljima Prigorja i Hrvatskog Zagorja između dva svjetska rata

Author(s): Suzana Leček / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 22/1999

The article shows the role of the youth in the family economy of the peasant families of Prigorje and Hrvatsko-Zagorje between the two world wars. The period of youth has been observed through two aspects: working ability of the youth, and choosing the spouse, which is one of the most important decisions for the whole household. Contracting a marriage meant founding a new economic unit (or supporting the old one). Therefore this decision is not left up to personal attraction, but to common appraisal of the responsible members of the family (elder generation).

A munkaerő napi mozgása (ingázása) és közlekedése Budapesten és a fővárosi agglomerációban, a népszámlálási adatok alapján

Author(s): Miklós Lakatos,Gabriella Kapitány / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 06/2015

The study gives information on the daily commuting within the districts of Budapest according to demographic and occupational characteristics of persons in employment. It contains also a comprehensive picture on thecommuting between the capital, the agglomeration and the districts of the capital respectively. The main indicatorsof commuting within districts, groups of districts, agglomerations and agglomeration sections are presentedwith the aid of illustrative maps.

A munkaügyi ingázás területi mintái Észak-Dunántúlon Az ingázás jelentősége Magyarországon, Észak-Dunántúl sajátosságai

Author(s): Tamás Hardi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2015

The paper aims to outline the specific commuting paths, centres, agglomerations and evolving spatial systems of the Northern Transdanubia based on data of the population censuses of 2001 and 2011. Because of the relative economic development of Northern Transdanubia and its settlement network, commuting bears special importance there. Due to differences in spatial development, in structural and regional transformation of economy and employment, and development of the settlement network, evolution of spatial patterns of commuting may serve as example for other areas of Hungary and Central Europe as well.

A napszámtól a bérmunkáig: a mezőgazdasági idénymunka változó formái egy kelet-magyarországi példán keresztül

Author(s): András Vigvári / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2016

Through a community study carried out in a settlement in Eastern Hungary, my study aims to present the integrating role of various agricultural part-time works in local societies. This paper explores the way in which different agricultural factory forms and employer-employee relationships influence the structural and ethnical layering in local societies, as well as the forms of integration they offer to members of local societies. My case study aims to shed light on the way ongoing macro-social processes shape Hungarian rural areas and, in particular, on the way they transform social and ethnical relations in local societies.

A parasztok maguk csinálják történelmüket, de nem szabadon

Author(s): Philip McMichael / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 25/2019

This essay employs contemporary peasant mobilizing discourses and practices to evaluate the terms in which we understand agrarian movements today, through an exercise of historical specification. First, it considers why the terms of the original agrarian question no longer apply to agrarian change today. The shift in the terms corresponds to the movement from the late‐nineteenth century and twentieth century, when states were the organizing principle of political‐economy, to the twenty‐first century, when capital has become the organizing principle. Second, and related, agrarian mobilizations are viewed here as barometers of contemporary political‐economic relations. In politicizing the socio‐ecological crisis of neoliberalism, they problematize extant categories of political and sociological analysis, re‐centring agriculture and food as key to democratic and sustainable relations of social production.

A small open inter-regional monetary spatial economic growth with the MIU approach

Author(s): Wei-Bin Zhang / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2009

We build an inter-regional monetary economic growth model with housing and environment for an open economy in a perfectly competitive economy. The monetary aspects of the model are based on the money-in-utility-function (MIU) approach. The real aspects of the model are influenced by the three most well-known models in the growth theory and urban economics in a multi-regional context. The industrial production follows the Solow model. Regional population distributes over the urban area according to the Alonso model and regional housing production follows the Muth model. We accept a new approach to the micro-economic foundation for determining money holding, savings, spatial location and consumption. Following the traditional literature of small open economies, we assume that the rate of interest is fixed in international market. We explicitly solve the equilibrium of the multi-regional economy. We also simulate the model and examine effects of changes in the rate of interest, the inflation policy, the preference, and amenity parameters on the long-term equilibrium structure of the multi-regional spatial economy.

A SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT (II)

Author(s): Ionuţ Anastasiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

This paper focuses on the analyses of the concept/expression of Louis Wirth's urbanism as a way of life. Wirth characterizes modern city through three essential dimensions: number, density and heterogeneity. But Wirth is criticized because he tends to understand the city from a uniform perspective, or there are many ways to live in a city. The process of urbanization is a key dimension of the socio-philosophical perspective on the human communities. Another relatively recent socio-philosophical approach of the urban refers to the emergence of the so-called post-modern city. Its essential feature is decentralization and it is predominantly oriented to consumption, but also to highlighting of a cultural identity.

A STUDY ON THE COGNITIVE LEVEL OF HEALTH EDUCATION FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Elena Mihaela Carausu,Marin Burela,Iulian-Costin Lupu,Ileana Antohe / Language(s): English / Issue: 55/2016

Due to particularities related to anatomy, fiziology, health and adaptability, adolescents, especially those coming from the rural environment, are an important population group, coping with specific problems and vulnerabilities. The aim of this study targetted the awareness of certain health and social aspects with regards to health education for adolescents in rural environment. The main objective is focused on the evaluation of the cognitive level of health education regarding general and oro-dental health in adolescents from the rural area. The investigated group, which was statistically representative for the studied population, comprised of 160 persons (88 males, 72 females). The maximum accepted error was ±1.68%. We are focused on main indicators of general health, oro-dental morbidity and addressability towards health services. The responses to the health education questionnaire revealed that cognitive educational level is precarious in fields: the general health and oro-dental health. The prevalence of general morbidity (51.40%), obesity (20.56%) and the prevalence of smoking (6.54%) and alcohol (3.74%) consumption was assessed for knowledge of general health status. The prevalence of the dental caries (51.55%) and periodontal disease (29.90%) was assessed in order to evaluate the oro-dental morbidity. Adolescents from the rural environment represent a highly vulnerable population group that requires the implementation of a health promotion program at community level. Adolescents’ health ought to be one of the primary concerns for the decision factors, with the purpose of ensuring an acceptable health level for future generations.

A szakválasztás és az iskolai kompetenciák társadalmi háttere és motivációi, nemzetiség szerint, a kolozsvári tudományegyetemek diákjai körében

Author(s): Valér Veres,Z. Attila Papp / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2015

The present paper analyses the motivations behind the complex vocational choices of higher education students of Cluj and the role of the students’ perceptions of the set of competences provided by the educational programmes. The research questions are the following: to what extent is the choice for a certain programme is being shaped by social background and ethnicity; is there such a tendency that in their choices students of lower social background are guided towards degrees easily marketable on the labour market, as a more cost efficient solution? The motivations behind vocational choices reflect educational aspirations, but we analyse whether these are based on professional interests or rather on cost-benefit calculations. The latter implies an expectation that certain degrees are readily and easily ‘transferrable’ to employment related income. At the same time we were interested in understanding how motivations are shaped by ethnicity and the language of education. Do the perceptions of the competences provided by high school and higher education programmes have a class-specific or other, sociologically relevant character, or are they related in any form to the motivations behind vocational choices? The empirical base of the research is provided by an on-line survey that was carried out in June 2015 among universities of Cluj on a sample of 3,732 students.

A szociális munka vidékfejlesztés

Author(s): Edit Puli / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2014

A Tale of Two Ahmadiyya Mosques: Religion, Ethnic Politics, and Urban Planning in London

Author(s): Marzia Balzani / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

Built on the site of a disused dairy in London, the Ahmadiyya Baitul Futuh Mosque is simultaneously a regenerated postindustrial site, a signal achievement for the community that built it, an affront to local Sunni Muslims, a focus for Islamophobic protest, and a boost to local regeneration plans and tourism. Using town planning documents, media articles, and ethnographic fieldwork, this article considers the conflicting discourses available to locals, Muslim and non-Muslim, centered on the new Baitul Futuh Mosque and an older, smaller, suburban Ahmadiyya mosque located nearby. These discourses are situated in the broader transnational context of sectarian violence and creation of community where ethnicity, faith, and immigration status mark those who attend the mosques. The article considers the different historical periods in which the two mosques were built, the class composition of residents in the neighborhoods of the mosques, and the consequences these have for how the mosques are incorporated into the locality. The strategies diverse local groups use to define the space in different and conflicting terms, and their cross-cutting claims, are discussed to present a range of religious, political, and ethnic positions shaping ideals of self-realization and aspirations for the future at individual and community levels.

A tanulás szerepe a marginalizálódó térségek fejlesztésében

Author(s): Gábor Velkey / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2014

‘Marginalisation’ is a new approach within social geography and regional studies. It not only refers to inequality among regions and territories (in terms of economic, social and political processes); it also involves the means and tools by which ‘marginalisation’ might be eased, i.e. so marginalised territories might catch up with other parts of the regional unit. ‘Territorial capital’ is one unavoidable necessity if this catching up process is to succeed. To develop ‘territorial capital’ – or local and regional knowledge – both formal and non-formal (that is, ‘social’) learning is needed. Social learning processes lead to the building up of territorial capital, via which marginalised territories might then catch up with the global(ised) economy and society.

A társadalmi integráció térbeli kérdései a városokban

Author(s): Gergely Olt / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2016

The lack of social integration or signs of disintegration are often visible and can be delimited in space. “Bad neighbourhoods” and “no-go areas” or villages and regions going through ghettoization can give the impression as if social problems were only typical of these areas. However, these stigmatized territories are merely the symptoms of the fact that the social system cannot equally integrate everybody and the most disadvantaged and discriminated members are excluded from it in the physical sense as well. The social problems appearing in space are often treated – especially in the last few decades – with spatial interventions that are not handling the wider causes of them, and only displace the problems and the socially excluded residents. On the other hand, residents of these excluded territories often suffer disadvantages because of the dysfunctional institutions and unsatisfactory infrastructure in the broad sense that are typical in these areas. This can also mean that economic growth and social programmes are not affecting these places as elsewhere. This study reviews a part of the international literature of urban spatial interventions from the aspect of the spatial issues of social integration.