A dărui și a primi

Author(s): Irma Walter / Language(s): German / Issue: 32/2018

Coming from a foreign country, one is faced with some perspectives on the customs and traditions of the people here, of which a newcomer is very eager to learn and understand. Exactly this situation had motivated Irma Walter to meditate on „Vom Geben und Nehmen“ (Of Giving and Receiving) to put down some new observations until there comes a time when she has learned more, understood more.

A Glimpse over the Rising Walls. The Reflection of Post-Communist Transformation in the Polish Discourse of Gated Communities

Author(s): Anna Gąsior-Niemiec,Georg Glasze,Robert Pütz / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2009

The authors focus on societal perceptions of the Polish post-communist transformation as reflected in the rising discourse of gated communities. Guarded, (video-) controlled and/or walled housing estates have been on the sprawl in the Polish metropolises throughout the 1990s and 2000s. However, only recently they have been discursively constructed—under the banner of “gated communities”—as a social and political issue in the country. The authors look at this issue from a vantage point offered by Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of discourse, which allows the authors to combine a spatial and a linguistic analytical perspective. The analysis emphasizes the manner in which societal perceptions of borders surrounding gated communities overlap with perceptions of boundaries being inscribed in the social structure of post-communist Poland, while the resulting socio–spatial configurations are taken to signify political cleavages inherent in the Polish nation.

A great place and not yet another declining small town: The case of Clarens, South Africa

Author(s): Malene Campbell / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Rural urban migration results in rural decline as well as in congested cities, but how can towns avoid this fate and also intercept these migrants on their way to the cities in search of perceived better opportunities? Tourism development can play a central role in the development of rural areas in South Africa, and Clarens is a success story in this regard. This research investigates what made a tourist town such as Clarens succeed whereas other towns faltered and failed. Data was collected using three different questionnaires: one for each target group to cover a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the tourism milieu of Clarens. The research indicates that allowing multinational enterprises in a small tourist town is something that should be considered carefully because it might disturb a small town’s ambience.

A jeśli nie "wrocławska piosenka", to co?

Author(s): Jacek Grębowiec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 03/2017

The topic of the article is music that is strongly connected to the history of post-war, Polish again, Wroclaw — the city and its cultural, social and political landscape. This includes not only songs composed by artists from Wroclaw, but also songs dedicated to this city. In the article, songs from different timespans are analysed: the ones composed in the 1950s, in the pioneering period of restoration, as well as countercultural songs from the 1980s. The paper is complemented by an analysis of the newest songs that pretend to be hits or anthems of Wroclaw, although they have never gained the same fame as classical songs written by Maria Koterbska or new-wave band Klaus Mitffoch.

A kapitalocén – avagy mibe kerül az olcsó természet?

Author(s): Attila Szigeti / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 25/2019

In the last decades the Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation to the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis was not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature). According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subchapters are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than I interpret the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally I analyse the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.In the last decades the so-called Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation of the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis were not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature) in general. According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subsections are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than the paper interprets the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally it analyses the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.

A KNIFE TO A GUNFIGHT: ENDOGENOUS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH LEADER AS CONTRADICTORY POLICY PRESCRIPTION

Author(s): George Iulian Zamfir / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

By now a preferred EU instrument aimed at stirring rural development, LEADER initially constituted an alleged departure from the top-down productivist agenda of the CAP towards locally-led development. The exogenous-endogenous explanatory model legitimized the adoption of economistic assumptions into EU rural development policy. As the CAP policy genealogy conveys, agricultural policies occurred at the intersection of internal and external factors, whereas the endogenous framework evicts structural explanations for territorial marginalization. A case study from North-western Romania provides details on the implementation of the endogenous agenda from the perspective of public actors. Rather than inducing an alleged alternative development model, LEADER acts as adjuvant to other policies and, overall, as a pedagogical exercise in uneven development.

A közösség által támogatott mezőgazdaság vizsgálata a termelők vonatkozásában

Author(s): Balog Árpád / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3-4/2016

A kraków to… Miasto innowacji. Gospodarka kreatywna jako czynnik rozwoju miast na przykładzie Krakowa – adaptacja koncepcji 3T Richarda Floridy

Author(s): Patrycja Kumięga / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

The subject of the paper is to analyze the concept of the creative class in relation to the conditions of Cracow and their impact on the local and regional development. The aim of the article is the justification that Cracow meets the requirements of a creative city and for its development are responsible the interaction of three factors (talent, technology and tolerance).

A lakhatási válságra adott közösségi válaszok

Bérlői lakásszövetkezetek Magyarországon?

Author(s): Csaba Jelinek,Zsuzsanna Pósfai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 27/2020

Since the crisis of 2008, housing is yet again and increasingly becoming a form of profitable financial investment. This tends to dominate over the claim that each person has the need and the right to access affordable, good quality housing. Across the globe this tendency is intensified by state policies as well. However, bottom-up initiatives organizing themselves for collective housing solutions are also gaining ground. These self-organized, „self-help” models open the possibility for economically vulnerable social groups to support each other in finding solutions for their housing problems, and also to collectively access resources that would individually be impossible to reach. This paper presents such an alternative housing solution, notably the model of rental-based housing cooperatives. Rental housing cooperatives are institutions organized in a bottom-up manner with the aim of providing affordable, good quality and stable housing for their members. We discuss two examples from Germany and from Uruguay for successful rental housing cooperative networks, which have existed for several decades. Finally, we present the steps which have been taken in the past years in Hungary and in the Eastern European region towards the establishment of such a model.

A LEADER-program Európában és Magyarországon

Author(s): Csaba Patkós / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2014

With the era of globalization, regions that lag behind are becoming ever more problematic worldwide – and intervention-like central development initiatives usually fail to deal with the problems. So-called immanent programmes building on bottom-up initiatives and aiming to involve local communities have been successful alternatives for decades now. In Europe, the LEADER initiative has been operating since the early 1990s. The relevance of local knowledge in such cases is introduced via a case study coming from a successful European LEADER local action group. In our article, anomalies existing within the Hungarian experience will be highlighted as well.

A MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC CITY: CASE OF CORDOBA

Author(s): S. Evinç TORLAK,Tanzer ÇELIKTÜRK,Onur KULAÇ,Recep ARSLAN / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

From Turkestan to Andalusia Spain, Medieval Islamic cities geographically occupied a wide area, and thus they had left their mark on the medieval era. Being one of these Islamic cities, Cordoba was seized by the Arabs in 711 and the first urbanization activities began upon moving the government centre from Seville to Cordoba. Later on, as the capital city of Andalusia Umayyad Dynasty, Cordoba became one of the most crucial cities of Spain in terms of science, art and trade. In this study, stating the features of medieval Western and Islamic cities, initially, the geographic, politic, economic and philosophic bases that took part in the establishment of the cities will be discussed and a specific focus will be made upon Cordoba city. Afterwards, information about the history, city layout and structure, city administration, socio-economic structure and cultural formation of Cordoba will be presented. This study reveals that Renaissance which is the main output of the European urbanization in medieval era cannot be considered apart from the administrative, socio-economic, cultural and architectural features of the Islamic cities within the context of Ibn Haldun’s thoughts.

A methodological approach to forecasting spatial distribution of workplaces in an industrial metropolis

Author(s): Viktoriya Viktorovna Akberdina,Oksana V. Tretyakova,Andrey I. Vlasov / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

Many world cities retain their unique industrial status. Such a feature of the economy of an industrial metropolis imposes additional requirements on the development of the forecast of spatial distribution of workplaces. The article highlights the contradictions of the long-term development of an industrial megalopolis, which become scenic forks, when forecasted. These include optimization of the industrial and trade-service sectors of the economy, the ratio of inertial and innovative development vectors, variability of migration flows and the choice of the agglomeration model type. The article is devoted to the problem of forecasting the development of a large metropolis, where the industrial sector plays a significant role in the economy. At the methodological level, the article justifies principles of spatial development of an industrial metropolis. The article describes forecasting tools for spatial location of workplaces, based on a combination of several models. The study was performed through the example of Ekaterinburg – the industrial capital of Russia; the metropolis scenarios were justified until 2035; the forecast of spatial distribution was calculated through the example of the two sectors competing for investments – industrial and trade-service. The authors substantiate spatial distribution of workplaces taking into account the projected number of people employed, the number of population of working age and distinguishing features of transport behavior of citizens. The paper demonstrates that the number of large industrial enterprises in a historically industrial center and its first zone decreases, and the modern industry in the form of small and medium-sized businesses located in industrial parks commence gradually forming a circuit with nodes on transport routes towards the largest consumer territories.

A mi smo kak su stari rekli... Mladi u seljačkim obiteljima Prigorja i Hrvatskog Zagorja između dva svjetska rata

Author(s): Suzana Leček / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 22/1999

The article shows the role of the youth in the family economy of the peasant families of Prigorje and Hrvatsko-Zagorje between the two world wars. The period of youth has been observed through two aspects: working ability of the youth, and choosing the spouse, which is one of the most important decisions for the whole household. Contracting a marriage meant founding a new economic unit (or supporting the old one). Therefore this decision is not left up to personal attraction, but to common appraisal of the responsible members of the family (elder generation).

A munkaerő napi mozgása (ingázása) és közlekedése Budapesten és a fővárosi agglomerációban, a népszámlálási adatok alapján

Author(s): Miklós Lakatos,Gabriella Kapitány / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 06/2015

The study gives information on the daily commuting within the districts of Budapest according to demographic and occupational characteristics of persons in employment. It contains also a comprehensive picture on thecommuting between the capital, the agglomeration and the districts of the capital respectively. The main indicatorsof commuting within districts, groups of districts, agglomerations and agglomeration sections are presentedwith the aid of illustrative maps.

A munkaügyi ingázás területi mintái Észak-Dunántúlon Az ingázás jelentősége Magyarországon, Észak-Dunántúl sajátosságai

Author(s): Tamás Hardi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2015

The paper aims to outline the specific commuting paths, centres, agglomerations and evolving spatial systems of the Northern Transdanubia based on data of the population censuses of 2001 and 2011. Because of the relative economic development of Northern Transdanubia and its settlement network, commuting bears special importance there. Due to differences in spatial development, in structural and regional transformation of economy and employment, and development of the settlement network, evolution of spatial patterns of commuting may serve as example for other areas of Hungary and Central Europe as well.

A napszámtól a bérmunkáig: a mezőgazdasági idénymunka változó formái egy kelet-magyarországi példán keresztül

Author(s): András Vigvári / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2016

Through a community study carried out in a settlement in Eastern Hungary, my study aims to present the integrating role of various agricultural part-time works in local societies. This paper explores the way in which different agricultural factory forms and employer-employee relationships influence the structural and ethnical layering in local societies, as well as the forms of integration they offer to members of local societies. My case study aims to shed light on the way ongoing macro-social processes shape Hungarian rural areas and, in particular, on the way they transform social and ethnical relations in local societies.

A parasztok maguk csinálják történelmüket, de nem szabadon

Author(s): Philip McMichael / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 25/2019

This essay employs contemporary peasant mobilizing discourses and practices to evaluate the terms in which we understand agrarian movements today, through an exercise of historical specification. First, it considers why the terms of the original agrarian question no longer apply to agrarian change today. The shift in the terms corresponds to the movement from the late‐nineteenth century and twentieth century, when states were the organizing principle of political‐economy, to the twenty‐first century, when capital has become the organizing principle. Second, and related, agrarian mobilizations are viewed here as barometers of contemporary political‐economic relations. In politicizing the socio‐ecological crisis of neoliberalism, they problematize extant categories of political and sociological analysis, re‐centring agriculture and food as key to democratic and sustainable relations of social production.

A small open inter-regional monetary spatial economic growth with the MIU approach

Author(s): Wei-Bin Zhang / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2009

We build an inter-regional monetary economic growth model with housing and environment for an open economy in a perfectly competitive economy. The monetary aspects of the model are based on the money-in-utility-function (MIU) approach. The real aspects of the model are influenced by the three most well-known models in the growth theory and urban economics in a multi-regional context. The industrial production follows the Solow model. Regional population distributes over the urban area according to the Alonso model and regional housing production follows the Muth model. We accept a new approach to the micro-economic foundation for determining money holding, savings, spatial location and consumption. Following the traditional literature of small open economies, we assume that the rate of interest is fixed in international market. We explicitly solve the equilibrium of the multi-regional economy. We also simulate the model and examine effects of changes in the rate of interest, the inflation policy, the preference, and amenity parameters on the long-term equilibrium structure of the multi-regional spatial economy.

A SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT (II)

Author(s): Ionuţ Anastasiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

This paper focuses on the analyses of the concept/expression of Louis Wirth's urbanism as a way of life. Wirth characterizes modern city through three essential dimensions: number, density and heterogeneity. But Wirth is criticized because he tends to understand the city from a uniform perspective, or there are many ways to live in a city. The process of urbanization is a key dimension of the socio-philosophical perspective on the human communities. Another relatively recent socio-philosophical approach of the urban refers to the emergence of the so-called post-modern city. Its essential feature is decentralization and it is predominantly oriented to consumption, but also to highlighting of a cultural identity.

A STUDY ON THE COGNITIVE LEVEL OF HEALTH EDUCATION FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS FROM THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Elena Mihaela Carausu,Marin Burela,Iulian-Costin Lupu,Ileana Antohe / Language(s): English / Issue: 55/2016

Due to particularities related to anatomy, fiziology, health and adaptability, adolescents, especially those coming from the rural environment, are an important population group, coping with specific problems and vulnerabilities. The aim of this study targetted the awareness of certain health and social aspects with regards to health education for adolescents in rural environment. The main objective is focused on the evaluation of the cognitive level of health education regarding general and oro-dental health in adolescents from the rural area. The investigated group, which was statistically representative for the studied population, comprised of 160 persons (88 males, 72 females). The maximum accepted error was ±1.68%. We are focused on main indicators of general health, oro-dental morbidity and addressability towards health services. The responses to the health education questionnaire revealed that cognitive educational level is precarious in fields: the general health and oro-dental health. The prevalence of general morbidity (51.40%), obesity (20.56%) and the prevalence of smoking (6.54%) and alcohol (3.74%) consumption was assessed for knowledge of general health status. The prevalence of the dental caries (51.55%) and periodontal disease (29.90%) was assessed in order to evaluate the oro-dental morbidity. Adolescents from the rural environment represent a highly vulnerable population group that requires the implementation of a health promotion program at community level. Adolescents’ health ought to be one of the primary concerns for the decision factors, with the purpose of ensuring an acceptable health level for future generations.