"Do You Have Any Empties?"

Bottle Collectors’ Interactions in Public Spaces in Zagreb

Author(s): Dino Vukušić,Stephanie Stelko / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2016

This paper describes the practices of people who collect discarded bottles and cans during public events in Zagreb, Croatia, which they return to recycling centers in order to receive a bottle deposit needed to supplement their low incomes. In addition to an ethnographic section in which we briefly describe this underrepresented aspect of everyday life in Zagreb, we address the symbolics at play in bottle collectors’ interactions among themselves and with "bottle providers" – people who gather in public spaces and consume drinks from bottles and cans. In so doing, we describe how the presence of a marginalized social group becomes visible in public spaces.

"Osveta sela"

Između sociološke stvarnosti i nacionalističkog mita

Author(s): Ksavije Bugarel / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

"Panský dům" v Týnci nad Labem: vzestupy a úpadky jednoho domu

Author(s): Michael Rykl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2016

The study of small-town houses is not a very common topic among researchers. The analysis of the development of the historical house "Panský dom" (literally house of nobility) in the town of Týnec nad Labem has been highly informative. The aim of the article is to show the individual development phases of house construction according to research into material and written sources. Reconstructions, the building use, as well as individual structural changes can be analysed from the late Middle Ages to the 20th century.On the basis of the research performed, it can be stated that the use and purpose of the building changed with each new owner, related to his social status (suzerain house; inn; house of reeve and aristocratic officers; uninhabited; house of a noble with a regular income that led to the construction of a dance hall; semi-agrarian farmers; the transformation to an apartment building and hotel; bakery; etc.). The function of the courtyard also adapted to the desires of the new owner and the quality of life the residents changed accordingly. The quality of life of its residents illustrates the ability to exploit the potential for the house (including loft, farm buildings in the courtyard, etc.), to express the fashion and trends of the particular period. The vision of the owner, the structural possibilities and especially the methods of modification that embody the fashion of the particular period can be appropriately illustrated. Individual structural modifications describe the ambitions and situation of the owners.In this case, it is not a "great" history, but it is a study of the traces of life left in the house that surrounded its owners. At certain points, general history overlaps with the micro-history of "Panský dom" and together they influenced the form of house construction. The research identified several building phases and reconstructions when the modus operandi accurately corresponded with the social status of the owners. The informative value grows from the early periods to the later periods, in proportion with the number of written sources, as well as the material source – the house itself.

"RASTOČA STANOVANJSKA NESKLADJA" - MED CITATI, INTERPRETACIJAMI IN OPOMBAMI POD ČRTO

Author(s): Srna Mandić / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 17-18/1994

Pričujoče besedilo je komentar k navedbi v članku B. Verlič Deklevove Urban Mobility and Housing Shortages: The Case of Slovenia (Družboslovne razprave št. 15-16). Tu je pri podatkih, ki dokazujejo "rastoča stanovanjska neskladja”, vir Kraigher, Mandič, SNP, 1991 nekorektno naveden: avtorica namreč ni označila, kaj je iz vira povzeto, kaj pa je njena izvirna - po mojem mnenju zelo sporna - ocena. Natančneje: Tabela 7 (str. 124) prinaša podatek, da je leta 1991 v ‘‘prevelikem stanovanju (nad standardi)" živelo 54% slovenske populacije. Kot vir, iz katerega so podatki “izbrani in sestavljeni”, je poleg vira Blejec (1984) naveden tudi omenjeni vir. To pa ne drži, saj ni omenjal “prevelikega stanovanja", ampak je uporabljal izraz “presega vrednost družbenega dogovora".

"Since All Remain Subject to Chance." Poor Relief in Seventeenth-Century Wilno

Author(s): David Frick / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2006

Das frühneuzeitliche Wilna, Hauptstadt des Großherzogtums Litauen und damit zweite Hauptstadt der polnisch-litauischen Adelsrepublik, beherbergte Anhänger fünf christlicher Konfessionen sowie Juden und - in den Vororten lebende - muslimische Tataren. Beginnend mit dem Jahr 1536 wurde die Macht im gewählten Magistrat gleichmäßig zwischen „Griechen“ (Ruthenisch-Orthodoxen) und „Römern“ (Römisch-Katholiken) aufgeteilt. Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts konkurrierten dann Unierte mit den Orthodoxen um „griechische“, Lutheraner und Calvinisten mit den Katholiken um „römische“ Sitze, ehe 1666 ein königliches Dekret die Wählbarkeit zum Magistrat auf Katholiken und Unierte beschränkte. Dennoch blieb Wilna die einzige königliche Stadt auf dem Gebiet der Adelsrepublik, in der Nicht-Katholiken am Stadtregiment beteiligt waren. Dieses für den Magistrat entwickelte System der Parität kam auch in allen weltlichen Vereinigungen, von der einflußreichen Communitas mercatoria bis zur niedersten Gilde, in denen Angehörige aller fünf christlichen Konfessionen um Beteiligung an den Machtstrukturen rangen, zur Anwendung. In welchem Maße verlief die Organisation und die Verteilung von im weiteren Sinne Armenfürsorge entlang konfessioneller, sprachlicher oder ethnischer Grenzen, bzw. inwieweit wurden diese überschritten? Wer half wem? Und wie wurde die Hilfe zuteil? Welche Erwartungen wurden daran von Seiten des Hilfeleistenden wie des Empfangenden geknüpft? Die Behandlung dieser Fragen umfaßt sowohl öffentliche als auch eher private, zentralisierte wie dezentrale Bemühungen der Armenfürsorge. Ein Teil des Beitrags ist zudem Beispielen für improvisierte Versuche von einzelnen Personen und ihren Familien gewidmet, der Verarmung zu entgehen. Fragen der Interkonfessionalität, denen in Studien zur frühneuzeitlichen Armenfürsorge bislang praktisch nicht nachgegangen wurde, stellen im vorliegenden Beitrag aus mehreren Gründen einen Leitfaden dar. Sie drängen sich vor allem deshalb auf, weil das Neben- und Miteinander der verschiedenen Konfessionen ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Lebens im Wilna des 17. Jahrhunderts war und die Stadt selbst innerhalb der polnisch-litauischen Adelsrepublik zu einer Besonderheit machte. Es ist unmöglich, das Wesen der Armenfürsorge in Wilna zu verstehen, ohne die Frage zu stellen, welche wechselseitigen Beziehungen zwischen den Angehörigen der verschiedenen Konfessionen bestanden. Umgekehrt läßt die Untersuchung der Fälle, in denen Bewohner Wilnas verschiedenen Glaubens und unterschiedlicher sozialer Herkunft versuchten, Not abzuwenden oder zu lindern, Aspekte der besonderen convivencia erkennen, die das Lieben in der Stadt über weite Teile ihrer Geschichte bestimmte. Im ganzen betrachtet, ergibt sich aus der Vielzahl der Strategien, die von den zentralisierten ,,Armenkästen“ bis zu individueller Selbsthilfe reichten, das Bild einer äußerst gemischten Stadt, in welcher eine beträchtliche Anzahl von Einwohnern bei der Verrichtung ihrer täglichen Geschäfte verschiedentlich die konfessionellen Grenzen überschritten und in welcher dieses Verhalten keinen Anstoß erregte, sondern als normal akzeptiert wurde.

"Vráťme si mesto!" Prejavy nespokojnosti "mestského občana" v politickom diskurze v Prešove 1918 - 1938

Author(s): Veronika Szeghy-Gayer / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2015

The paper aims to provide an analysis of the politics of two local interest groups of Prešov, the so-called city parties, as specific forms of middle class dissatisfaction in the interwar period. Based on contemporary election results and archival sources, the first part of the study examines the political behaviour of the inhabitants of Prešov between 1920 and 1935, which helps to determine to what extent the city parties were popular among the multilingual and multi-religious voters. The second part investigates the social composition and the political discourse of the city parties. These local political groups were supported by 10-12% of the voters. Most of their followers were organized among the liberal middle classes, who were not able to identity with the politics of the big parliamentary parties. Their members defined themselves mainly against the Communist and Catholic movement. However, they also criticized the measures of the Czechoslovak government. And at the level of discourse they expressed dissatisfaction with the domestic policy of Czechoslovakia in the form of a virtual community of city burghers, regardless of their ethnic backgrounds. It is argued that because of the high percentage of Hungarian and Jewish intellectuals and entrepreneurs among the leaders and supporters of the local parties, this type of local politics might have been an alternative to the Jewish and Hungarian national politics at a local level.

"Это утопия, это болото": жанры повествования о городе

Author(s): Varvara Kobyshcha / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

Any researcher who works with local people in a small town soon finds a number of repeating topics, stories, symbols, characters, and attitudes. Together they create a generalized image that, to a greater or lesser degree, is shared by its inhabitants. In order to move beyond merely recording different forms of self-description and to use these data as instruments of explanation and comparative analysis, the author proposes a model for the genre analysis of such “local” narratives. This allows us to a) reveal links between the past (cultural memory), present (image), and future (expectations and scenarios) of a city; b) explain the cultural preconditions of observed collective and individual actions; and c) explain the specificity of the affective connection between citizens and their city. In the second part of the paper the author demonstrates some results of the application of this model, using two case studies: Myshkin (visited in 2013) and Kologriv (visited in 2010). The narratives of local inhabitants are structured according to the genres of ”progress” (development) and ”regress” (decay). The author is especially interested in how these genres constitute peculiar types of agency, as well as a repertoire of (im)possible actions.

#NeDamoGaleriju

Author(s): Irfan Hošić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2018

Iz ove vremenske perspektive odbrana Gradske galerije čita se kao podvig ogromnih razmjera koji zaslužuje određeni spomenik, tj. simbol šireg društvenog značaja nad kojim je moguće prisjećati se te velike i značajne bitke. [...]

(De)Constructing the Dragobete traditions

Author(s): Băceanu Andreea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Regarding the dynamics of a Romanian village, Dimitrie Gusti formulated the frames and manifestations theory. The frames are operationalized into the potentialities which exist in any society, under different forms. The larger categories of frames are cosmological (spatial), psychological, biological and historical10 and they are to be found under different forms and variations. The actual enactments of these potentialities are the manifestations themselves, divided into cultural, economic, political-administrative and juridical11 manifestations. Regarding the celebration of Dragobete, it is a great example of a cultural manifestation which derives from more than one frame. Mainly, it has its roots in the historical frame, i.e. “the past life of the village, which of course has vanished, but which is still present through traditions”. The best example for the historicity of Dragobete is the fact that scholars interested in this celebration still have not reached a consensus regarding its origins, which are lost in the mist of the time. Some argue that it is a more than 2000 years old celebration; some claim that it is more recent due to the fact that there is no written proof that is 2000 years old.

(Nie)mobilność, zamieszkiwanie oraz płeć w praktykach i dyskursach rozwodu w wiejskiej społeczności. Etnografia rolniczej gminy wschodniego Mazowsza

Author(s): Sylwia Urbańska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In this article, I analyze the relationship between the gendered practices and discourses of divorce in rural communities and the (im)mobility paths of rural women. I show that the “pioneers of divorce”, that is, women from the agricultural, conservative communities who were the first to divorce in the local social world, developed alternative strategies for staying in the countryside. They did not want to run away, leave, or emigrate permanently to the city or abroad, that is, use the typical path of becoming an ex-wife. I describe the coping patterns they developed after 1989 in order to still be able to live in the village. I explain the subversions of ownership and inheritance, their relationship to traditional patterns of femininity and masculinity. I focus on the gendered patterns of (im)mobility in this case as strategies for choosing the countryside as a place to live. I present my conclusions in the case study of Mirka, a mother with many children, who loses her home after divorce, which means that she must develop coping patterns. I show Mirka’s practices against the background of other variants of practices and moral discourses around divorce in the commune of eastern Mazovia, which I have studied since 2017.

(Re)defining places for community in Sykhiv housing estate

Author(s): Natalia Otrishchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Lviv (Ukraine) is an Eastern European city with a history dating back to the 13th century. It could be imagined as a palimpsest-like place of different architectural, social, and cultural heritages. However, the majority of current Lviv’s population lives within an urban environment designed and constructed during the second half of 20th century. Based on sociological data (in-depth semi-structured interviews, survey, and unobtrusive observation) article reviews the specifics of places for community in the largest mass housing estate – Sykhiv. Author shows what areas are perceived by inhabitants as the locations for social life and what types of social cohesion could contribute to the urban transformations.

(Re)Naming Streets in Contemporary Bucharest: From Power Distribution to Subjective Biography

Author(s): Ana-Maria Niculescu-Mizil / Language(s): English Issue: 3 (17)/2014

The present study is grounded on the premise that street names represent an embodiment of the socio-political order in the realm of everyday life (Azaryahu 2002, 135-144). It develops on three complementary axes of interest: a descriptive statistical analysis of power distribution among genders and professional categories in the current configuration of street names, a case study of Ion Câmpineanu Street as a ‘memorial landscape’ (Dwyer and Alderman 2008, 165 – 178) and the street's subjective history as it is recalled by locals in semi-structured interviews. Research’s findings sustain the idea that individuals invest personal or contextual significance endorsed with emotional resonance, in street names and rarely reflect upon the personalities naming their streets. The case study outlined Ion Câmpineanu Street as a self-contradictory, vivid landscape, an urban setting where several versions of history vindicate their memory. The analysis of street names in sector one reveals an unequal distribution among genders in favor of men, who are prominent in naming streets. The novelty in the present inquiry emerges from a gender sensitive approach upon the subject of street toponymy and social memory. Street names are understood as an embodied instrument employed in the social construction of gender in urban spaces.

,,Vietos Dvasia“ Christiano Norberg-Schulzo Architektūros Fenomenologijoje

Author(s): Almantas Samalavičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 71/2012

During recent decades there have been attempts in urban theory and urban discourse at large to revisit and reconsider a number of concepts that have been marginalized or even suspended because of the rise of scientist ideology in academic research. The concept of spirit of place, known since Roman era as genius loci, is one of the key catogories that had been lost and regained in the history of urban planning and its theoretical reflections. Architectural historian and theorist Christian Norberg-Schulz has made the most significant contribution to the revival of this old Latin idea of spirit of place in urban and environmental studies. The article focuses on the impact of Norberg-Schulz in developing the interest in the spirit of place as an intellectual endeavor of his phenomenology of architecture and place. The author of the article notes that the concept of genius loci or „spirit of place“ remains a useful analytical tool in advancing the discourse on contemporary urbanism so that material and non-material elements that make the true character of urban place in contemporary urbanity can be adequately evaluated in urban research. Norberg-Schulz later reconsidered his attitude about modernist dogmas (as professed by Le Corbusier, Sigfried Giedion et al.) of the limitless capacity to transform spaces. He became a spokesman for the symbiotic relationship between the human being and the natural/urban space humans and reconsidered the archaic idea of genius loci as imperative for contemporary city-building. His theoretical insights might be of use in developing theoretical study of the development of urban structures in contemporary Lithuania.

18. ve 19. Yüzyıllarda İstanbul ve Osmanlı Devleti’nde Yaşanan Değişimler Çerçevesinde Yalı Olgusunun Gelişimi

Author(s): Melisa Elif İlhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 11/2018

Even though yalı (“waterfront”) mansions are an important part of Istanbul’s skyline, architecture and history, they have not been evaluated with an integrative approach yet. Research that has been conducted separately and from different angles and scopes by different disciplines is making it harder to grasp the entire picture. The initial step for eliminating this difficulty could be presenting the two main sources through which yalı mansions had been nourished and shaped. First of these sources is the Westernization process which had become a struggle between the old and new for the Ottoman Empire. It is not possible to tackle Ottoman Empire’s 18. and 19. centuries without taking into account the place and importance of the Westernization process. It could be argued that, even though they were very violent from time to time, reactions against “new” could not reach their target of “preserving the old” in this period. Similarly from yalı mansions’ perspective, it is observed that with each passing year Western-oriented architectural movements such as baroque and neoclassicism had been more visibly embraced and used. The second main source, on the other hand, is the connection formed between yalı mansions and the traditional architectural concepts. Especially during the early republican period, this connection had been studied under the topic of “Turkish House”; with an emphasis put on the desire to live as a part of nature, wood’s cultural and practical status within this context and hall-centered house layout. In this paper, aforementioned two main sources and the organic bond between them have been basically explained through a comprehensive literature survey. Purpose of this paper is to act as a starting point for gathering the pieces of knowledge regarding these two main sources which have been separately accumulated by history, architecture, urbanization and sociology disciplines to form a meaningful whole for further studies.

19. Yüzyıldan günümüze Bebek’in değişen kentsel dokusu

Author(s): Sezgi Giray Küçük / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2022

Bebek, one of the important Bosphorus villages of the Ottoman period, was established in the second quarter of the 18th century on the shores of the Bosphorus, with its mosque, entails, school, Turkish bath and bazaar. The region developed in the 19th century and the settlement enlarged towards the hills. In this study, with the help of old maps, plans and photographs, the changing urban texture of Bebek Neighborhood, Beşiktaş district of Istanbul province, is examined from the 19th century to the present. After the consultation of maps, images and aerial photography it was determined that, by the shape of the topography, the first settlements of Bebek were on the shores of the Bosphorus, and then in the valleys of the Büyük and Küçük Bebek streams flowing into the Bosphorus. Over time, the streams in the region dried up and were replaced by streets with the same name. The settlement in Bebek developed from two separate branches around these two streams, and construction began first in Büyük Bebek and then in Küçük Bebek over time. In the 20th century, dead-end streets were opened with zoning activities, streets and avenues were enlarged, some wooden buildings that had been burned down due to fires were rebuilt as masonry, and the boundaries of Bebek Square and some apartment block buildings were changed. The second half of the 20th century was the period when the urban texture of Bebek was intensified, between 1970 and 1982, the hills between Büyük and Küçük Bebek were largely opened for construction and these two settlements were almost united. Today, these two settlements are called “Bebek” without being separated from each other. Today, although Bebek village cannot maintain its old rural character, it is one of the most preferred settlements in Istanbul, with its green areas such as Kortel Grove and Ayşe Sultan Grove and the advantage of the Bosphorus view offered by its sloping topography.

3D Virtual Simulation Technology, Digital Twin Modeling, and Geospatial Data Mining in Smart Sustainable City Governance and Management

Author(s): Mária Kováčová,Andrej Novák,Veronika Machová,Brian Carey / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

We draw on a substantial body of theoretical and empirical research on 3D virtual simulation technology, digital twin modeling, and geospatial data mining in smart sustainable city governance and management. With increasing evidence of spatial computing technology, digital twin modeling, multi-sensor environmental data fusion, there is an essential demand for comprehending whether digital twin modeling integrate geospatial data mining and urban cloud data. In this research, prior findings were cumulated indicating that virtual simulation tools, urban sensing technologies, and digital twin networks enable smart city environments. We carried out a quantitative literature review of ProQuest, Scopus, and the Web of Science throughout March 2022, with search terms including “smart sustainable city governance and management” + “3D virtual simulation technology,” “digital twin modeling,” and “geospatial data mining.” As we analyzed research published in 2022, only 186 papers met the eligibility criteria. By removing controversial or unclear findings (scanty/unimportant data), results unsupported by replication, undetailed content, or papers having quite similar titles, we decided on 34, chiefly empirical, sources. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric map- ping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: AMSTAR, Distiller SR, ROBIS, and SRDR.

677 Sayılı Kanun, Türbeleri “Millileştirme” ve Yıkıcı Sonuçları: Geç Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Türbedarlık

Author(s): Gökçen Beyinli Dinç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2017

One of the foundational laws of the Republic of Turkey on the exclusion of the Ottoman heritage and Islam is the Law 677 which was enacted in 1925. The Law outlawed the mystic orders and closed their lodges as well as hundreds of shrines in the country and prohibited visiting them. Shrine keepers were dismissed and replaced by shrine officers in some shrines. Relying substantially on Republican archives, Parliamentary Proceedings and the previously untapped archival evidence from the Istanbul Museum Directorate of Shrines (İstanbul Türbeler Müze Müdürlüğü), this article examines the transformation of this occupation and “nationalization” of shrines from 1925 to the 1970s by situating the analysis within its legal context. It will elaborate who was a shrine keeper in the late Ottoman Empire, what happened to the shrines and shrine keepers after the shrines were closed down, the theft incidents the new shrine officers were involved with, policies regarding the “nationalization” of shrines and the tensions as well as negotiations between different actors regarding the shrines. Aiming to shed light on a previously untackled aspect of republican history, the article demonstrates how the abandonment of shrines and the policy of nationalizing and turning them into museums brought along a rupture in the cultural history of the country and contributed to the destruction of historical heritage.

A City’s Decline: Towards the Prevention of Deterioration of Public Spaces in Sarajevo Neighborhoods

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): English

The visible decline of public spaces in urban neighborhoods in Sarajevo is a result of a number of factors, including an imprecise normative framework and a lack of standards for certain communal services, as well as insufficient mechanisms of control of the delivery and quality of services in the areas of communal cleanliness and the maintenance of public areas. In addition, there are a number of obvious obstacles to the sanctioning of offences of littering, damaging or destroying urban spaces. Moreover, mechanisms of communication between responsible institutions and the residents of Sarajevo are wanting. This policy brief provides recommendations that aim to improve the current regulation and practice in order to prevent further physical deterioration of public spaces. It is primarily intended for the representatives of cantonal and local authorities in Sarajevo.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PASSENGERS' PERCEPTION OF URBAN TRANSPORT: BUCHAREST VS WARSAW

Author(s): Oana Matilda Sabie,Ştefan Gabriel Burcea,Ștefan Cătălin CÎRSTEA / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This study is a comparative analysis on urban transport passengers’ perception regarding specific features that influence end-users’ quality perceptions, such as accessibility, comfort, journey time, fare and technology. The research is based on 490 survey’s respondents from Bucharest, Romania, and 80 suve’s respondents from Warsaw, Poland. The main purpose is to identify the best ways to improve the urban public transport service. To this end, a comparative assessment of the perception of the citizens of Bucharest and Warsaw regarding the urban surface transport service was made and the strengths of Warsaw's urban transport were identified. For urban transport in Bucharest, the results of the survey indicate a majority negative perception of the quality of services provided by local transport company. In the case of Warsaw, respondents have a diametrically opposed general opinion on urban transport. The majority positive perception is justified by the high accessibility of the transport network, journey times, waiting times and especially the clear trend towards digitalisation of urban transport service.

A Comparative Study Regarding the European Agricultural Allocation of Funds for Rural Development During 2007-2013 and 2014-2020

Author(s): Silvius Stanciu / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2017

Sustainable rural development represents one of the European Union policy priorities, which focuses on the development of the agricultural sector by means of an increased attention given to rural communities, to the rural environment and to natural resources. The Common Agricultural Policy Reform led to the development of a number of EU mechanisms for funding the national and regional rural development programs. The present paper performs a study on the concentration degree of national and regional funds, obtained through the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, by relying on the Gini Struck Index. The results of the analysis highlighted a moderate fund distribution concentration degree by means of the EAFRD in the EU, as compared to a high rural development program concentration degree at the level of the Member States. The application of the Pearson Test showed that there wasn’t any significant correlation, from a statistical point of view, between the number of LAGs in the EU and the amount of EAFRD funds absorbed by the Member States.