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NOTES ON SPATIAL-STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN URBAN SOUTH AFRICA -THE 1990S

Author(s): Hermanus S. Geyer / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

Informal businesses used to be something that was only tolerated in the former black townships during the years of apartheid. Since then the informal business sector has become an integral part of the central business setup of cities in South Africa. It not only serves to widen the security net of the urban poor in cities, it also represents the outcome of the democratization process in the country over the past fifteen years. Yet, there has been a tendency amongst local authorities to take steps to reduce the footprint of this sector in the urban environment in recent years. This trend ties in with the new approach of government to transform South African cities to become ’world class’ centres - a step that is aimed at making the cities more visually acceptable to visitors from abroad. In this paper an attempt is made to demonstrate the importance of the informal sector within the urban business makeup and to show what role it played in the spatial-structural evolution of the urban economies during the 1990s. The paper analyzes the structure of the urban business sector as a whole and structurally links the formal and informal sectors, demonstrating the importance of both sectors in the economic makeup of the cities. It analyses the structure of the informal sector and shows how different layers of the sector potentially relates to the formal urban sector.

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Horasan’da Sulama ve Sulama Kanalları (8-10. Yüzyıllar)

Author(s): Yunus Arifoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2018

In a medieval economic life based on agriculture, climate was an important factor affecting agricultural production. Although dry agriculture could be practiced in several places, water was an important element in conducting agriculture in a more efficient way. In Khorasan, a region rich in water resources, there was, however, a need for irrigation canals; and several projects were implemented to solve problems in irrigation water use during the period under study. For this reason, the canals were opened in a large part of the Khorasan. In this regard, the study discusses water resources, their distribution, streams, rivers, irrigation canals, irrigation practices and water use rights.

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To what extent is social media used in city government policy making? Case studies in three asean cities

Author(s): Achmad Nurmandi,David Almarez,Sataporn Roengtam,Salahudin Salahudin,Hazel D. Jovita,Dian Suluh Kusuma Dewi,David Efendi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Social media has a significant impact on political and social life, particularly in policy making. In order to examine social media use in policy making, the researchers obtained and analyzed data on Twitter or Facebook using a NodeXL program from January to June 2016 in three ASEAN cities, Bandung (Indonesia), Iligan (Philippines) and Pukhet (Thailand). Research found that Bandung City has made significant achievement at the engagement level by engaging with the city community in daily city affairs. Meanwhile, Iligan City and Pukhet City are still in the stage of transforming their respective internal organizations. The pivotal factors of social media use in three cities is top and middle leader role, legal standing for social media use, policy framework and internal change management.

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Karakter i historija

Author(s): Robert Michel / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3-4/2017

Mostar leži u jednoj graničnoj zemlji islamitskog Orijenta. Ovdje na obalama je naviranje islama tokom stoljeća bilo tako snažno da u samoj srži grada islamitski Orijent dolazi do izražaja dublje i snažnije nego u mnogim drugim gradovima koji leže duboko u evropskoj Turskoj ili još dalje u Aziji. Ko se ovdje uz duži boravak uživio s ljubavlju, taj ni u jedan drugi grad na Orijentu neće više ući kao stranac. Prisnost s Mostarom postat će mu čarobni ključ koji mu lagano i sigurno može otkriti sve tajne Orijenta.

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Heritage proximity, attitudes to tourism impacts and residents’ support for heritage tourism in Kaole Site, Tanzania

Author(s): Noel Biseko Lwoga / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2018

This study examines determinants of residents’ support for tourism by testing a model based on the social exchange and material culture theories. The model proposes that perceptual heritage proximity influences residents’ attitudes to positive and negative impacts of tourism, which in turn influence residents’ support for tourism. The model was tested using data gathered from a sample of 256 local residents in Kaole Village, Tanzania. Results from structural equation modelling indicate that heritage proximity has an influence on attitudes to the impacts of tourism, which in turn influence support. The findings imply that heritage proximity serves as a point of reference for residents’ evaluation of tourism, which is critical in fostering support. Findings confirm the relevance of the heritage proximity concept in explaining support for tourism. The study provides recommendations to better engage the residents in tourism development. Suggestions for future research are provided.

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Demographic and social degradation in the Lubelskie Voivodeship as a peripheral area of East Poland

Author(s): Małgorzata Flaga,Monika Wesołowska / Language(s): English Issue: 41/2018

Eastern regions of Poland are regarded as areas where numerous unfavourable socio-economic phenomena appear and accumulate. These are the results of historical conditions as well as post-war border localization and various processes, primarily in terms of economy. The consequences of the political transformation of the state in the 1990s and profound social and economic changes in recent decades are also crucial drivers of many disadvantageous changes in the region.The article shows population processes which can be recognized nowadays in Eastern Poland, and the attention of the authors is focused on the peripheral rural areas of the region. General tendencies reported in the text are based on the cases from the Lubelskie Voivodeship where concentration of the demographic and social problems is particularly noticeable. The analyses comprise changes of population growth and its components (natural movement and migration), population structures as well as some characteristics concerning the quality and conditions of inhabitants’ lives. The main causes of negative processes shaping the population, including domestic, regional and micro-regional factors, are also presented. The final part of the article deals with the most important outcomes of population changes which are reflected in the progressing ageing of society, the decline of villages and social infrastructure, among other facts. These unfavourable phenomena are shown in the context of the future development of the region.

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Can urban environmental problems be overcome? The case of Skopje—world’s most polluted city

Author(s): Slobodan Arsovski,Michał Adam Kwiatkowski,Aleksandra Lewandowska,Dimitrinka Jordanova Peshevska,Emilija Sofeska,Mirek Dymitrow / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2018

The condition of the environment is one of the most fundamental concerns of cities worldwide, especially when high levels of pollution and environmental destruction exert immense impact on people’s quality of life. This paper focuses on Skopje, the capital of Macedonia, which often tops the charts as the world’s most polluted city. Despite associated problems such as congestion, ill health, and premature death, Macedonia’s scarce resources are instead spent on controversial projects, such as ‘Skopje 2014’, involving creating a national identity through massive and extremely costly constructions of neo-classical government buildings, museums and monuments. The aim of this paper is to compare the situation of Skopje to environmentally oriented activities conducted in several Polish cities and to discuss the possibility of their implementation in Skopje. Considering the scale and scope of Skopje’s environmental problems, the paper offers some priorities for action, including solutions that emphasize institution building, technical input and self-governance. It also highlights a number of economic, ecological, and socio-cultural contradictions involved in the process of achieving sustainable development.

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The role of trust in shaping urban planning in local communities: The case of Hammarkullen, Sweden

Author(s): Stina Hansson / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2018

Urban planning is increasingly focusing on the social aspect of sustainability. The 2014 report Differences in Living Conditions and Health in Gothenburg shows important and increasing inequalities between different parts of the city, a development seen in cities across the world. The city of Gothenburg has set as its goal the decrease in inequalities by joining forces with civil society, the private sector, academia and people living in the city. Participation and inclusion become important tools in city planning processes for the authorities to understand local conditions, particularly to understand the living conditions of people in socio-economically marginalised areas, whose voices are rarely listened to, and to enable their active participation in shaping outcomes. In this article, we explore the role of trust in improving urban planning, and in shaping possibilities for participation that is positively experienced, in the sense that it increases people’s sense of control over their neighbourhoods. Based on empirical work in Hammarkullen, a socio-economically marginalised area in Gothenburg, the article shows how specific local configurations of trust have an impact on local development plans. It further shows how participatory practices coarticulate with the local social situation to shape outcomes in a certain way. Grounded in the empirical study, the paper argues for the importance of understanding the local conditions of trust and how they interact with planning processes in shaping outcomes and future possibilities of cooperation. Further, the paper argues for the need to take the local conditions of trust into account early in the planning phase.

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The place of community values within community-based conservation: The case of Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town

Author(s): Shelley Kotze / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2018

Contemporary approaches to biodiversity conservation within South Africa depart from community-based initiatives which seek to combine biodiversity conservation with socio-economic development. This paper employs a grounded theory approach to discuss the values of local communities and the management body (CapeNature), with regards to Driftsands Nature Reserve, Cape Town, by way of exploring the ways in which community-based conservation is being achieved within this case study. The findings conclude that the support and environmental education provided by CapeNature is going some way to addressing the needs of community-based conservation. Although the geographical location and demographics of the area produce a number of challenges for this approach, this research outlines the pathways for these challenges to be turned into benefits through even greater involvement with community-based conservation.

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Incorporating the Rural Areas’ Particularities in the Water Supply Management Systems in Romania

Author(s): Orest Valentin Trofin,Cristina Borca,Alina Ciomoș / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2016

The existence of the safe water supply and sewerage systems, especially in the rural areas of Romania, are mandatory for the insurance of the public health. In this context, a series of Romanian regional water and sewerage services suppliers developed Total Quality Management Systems, starting with the implementation of multiple ISO standards and in response to the need for answering to high requirements, both for constant development / modernization of the infrastructure and expansions to new consumers, as for the permanent improvement of the water supply, sewerage and wastewater treatment’s quality. The Total Quality Management Systems inter-relate a series of quality components, all of them functioning in a unitary–integrated way, using specific rules and procedures for assuring the increase of the delivered services’ quality and performance. The results begin to be seen on all areas of the concerned water suppliers’ activity: from the operational field to the commercial, staff’s performance, environmental and customer care ones. one of the main fundaments of the monetary creation – aspect which is indissolubly related to the idea of evolution, more precisely, to the idea of economic development.

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Port popular. Vestimentaţie rurală în nodrul Dobrogei

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Port popular. Vestimentaţie rurală în nodrul Dobrogei

Author(s): Steluța PÂRÂU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2013

In der vorliegenden Studie wendet sich die Autorin allgemeinenund partikulären Aspektender Volkstracht zu, die in der Norddobrudscha und im Raum nördlich der Donau getragen wurde/wird. Dabei stellt die Verfasserin fest, dass die Entwicklung der Volkstracht in engem Zusammenhang mit dem sozialen, wirtschaftlichen Wandel und implizite mit den Veränderungen der Mentalität der dörflichen Gemeinschaft in Zusammenhang gebracht werden kann. Demzufolge werden zunächst all diese Veränderungen erwähnt sowie die Eigenheiten der ländlichen Kleidung in den Jahren nach 1918/1920 bis in die Fünfzigerjahre des 20. Jahrhunderts.

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Study on European Funds Absorption in Romania for Measure 313

Author(s): Florentina Daniela Matei / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2014

In this paper we wish to highlight the main causes of regional disparities in Romania in terms of absorption of European funds through Measure 313: Encouragement of tourism activities. The post-accession of Romania shows a major deficiency in attracting funds from the European Union, this situation is generated, in particular, by the lack of a coherent long-term vision of the authorities, insufficient resources for co-financing projects, low administrative capacity at central and local level, lack of inter-institutional coordination, public-private partnerships failures and insufficient skilled human resources. We will analyze the number of projects approved and implemented in each region of Romania (2007-2013) to establish the real possibilities of expansion of rural tourism.

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„O haină nouă pentru vechiul spirit”

Author(s): Gudrun-Liane Ittu / Language(s): German Issue: 27/2013

Articolul se referă la o amplă dezbatere din 1926 din principalul ziar de limbă germană din Transilvania, Siebenbürgisch-Deutschen Tageblatt, având ca temă păstrarea portului patrician şi ţăranesc autentic sau înlocuirea acestora cu o variantă ieftină, numită „neusächsisch” (neosăsească). După unii, „neusächsisch” venea să înlocuiască şi hainele moderne, devenind costumul de zi de zi al săsoaicelor. Dezbaterea s-a încheiat cu o scrisoare a pictoriţei Mathilde Roth, născută la Sibiu şi stabilită la Zürich în 1910. Artista se opune variantei surogat, pledând însă pentru păstrarea portului autentic.

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Local Development in Some Romanian Rural Communities with Strong Social Capital. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Capital in Community Development

Author(s): Viorel-Ion Stănică,Ioana-Gabriela Olaru / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2017

The presence of social capital in rural communities is very beneficial, which is why we have to put accent on analyzing the relevant concepts and see the relationship between them, but also to understand their importance and the role they play. This article analyzes two rural areas in which we can observe different types of social capital which lead to a community development. It also shows the importance of these two concepts nowadays.

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Germanii din județul Tulcea: coordonate istorico-demografice și etnografice

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Germanii din județul Tulcea: coordonate istorico-demografice și etnografice

Author(s): Alexandru Chiselev / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 32/2018

This study presents some data related to the historical-demographic evolution and ethnography of the Dobrujan Germans (Dobrudschadeutsche), especially of those established in Tulcea County, between 1840-1850. The settlement of the Germans in Dobruja was preceded by a period of colonization from the country of origin, divided and impoverished, to the territories incorporated by the Russian Empire (Southern Ukraine, Crimea, Poland, Finland, Bessarabia, Caucasus), under the direct involvement of Catherine the Great and Tsar Alexander I. The arrival of the Germans from the Tsarist Empire in Dobruja took place in four phases (1840-1850, 1873-1883, 1890-1891, after 1891). The colonial settlements respected a certain pattern of organization (ordination, linear character), determined by the constructive habits inherited from the Germanic space and the regulations imposed by colonization in the Russian space. The complex confessional composition of the German population (e.g. Catholic, Evangelical, Methodist, Baptist) and its permanent migration, marked by the synthesis of local elements, determined variations in the manifestation of rites of passage or other aspects of the cultural heritage.

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Autohtoni elementi u urbanizmu antičkih gradova našeg primorja

Author(s): Mate Suić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/1965

Une étude approfondie des phénomènes épichoriques dans la culture provinciale antique de la région illyrienne a fourni d’importants résultats dans les travaux des archéologues yougoslaves. Cette courte étude est une contribution aux efforts de ces derniers. Elle se propose — et c ’est la première tentative de ce genre — de déterminer l’influence des traditions pré-romaines sur rurbanisation de certains centres illvriens du littoral yougoslave. L’un des problèmes à étudier en particulier est celui de l’emplacement de la dominante de la ville, c’est-à-dire de son centre cultuel et administratif. En tant que tel, il existait déjà à l’époque pré-romaine dans différents types des agglomérations. En examinant son importance et son rôle dans les communautés et agglomérations primitives (dont certaines possedeient à l’époque pré-romaine certains éléments urbaines et en soulignant la tendance de la population autochtone à résister à ce qui était étranger et à revêtir sa propre tradition de formes étrangères imposées, on a constaté la possibilité de rechercher dans l’urbanisme les éléments dus à la tradition autochtone. Le territoire étudié (Istrie et Dalmatie) de même que les pays voisins (Emilie, Etrurie en Italie, Grèce) présente des dominantes situées obligatoirement à la périphérie des localités préhistoriques. L’urbanisation plus intense correspondant à l’arrivée des Romains dans ces régions impose des schémas détaillés, propres à l’urbanisme romain. Les agglomerations antiques étudiées dans ce travail (Parentium, Jader, Aenona, Assena) confirment l’hipothèse selon laquelle la tradition autochtone aurait considérablement influencé le choix de l’emplacement de la dominante des agglomerations lors même pendant l’application du schéma abstrait romain. Tous les dominantes, comme le montrent les dessins ci-joints, étaient situés à la périphérie, comme c’était le cas à l’époque pré-romaine. Les recherches effectuées à Zadar prouvent que la Capitole de la ville dressait à l’emplacement de la dominante (sanctuaire) de Zadar preromaine. Par conséquent ces agglomérations s’écartent distinctement de la théorie et de la pratique urbaniste romaine, d’après lesquelles cette dominante se trouve dans le centre de l’agglomération, dans la croisement des voies de comunication principales de ville (cordo et decumanus maximus). Ce n’est pas, bien entendu, un phénomène proprement illyrien, mais il n’est pas romain non plus, et puisqu’on le retrouve sur le territoire illyrien il faut l’attribuer au maintien des conceptions et de l’usage autochtones. Ce phénomène n’est pas uniquement propre aux agglomerations jouissant du statut d’un municipe (telles Aenona, Asseria et Parentium jusqu’au règne du roi Tibérius) mais aussi aux colonies (Jader, Pola) fondées par des vétérans retirés et où cette particularité caractérisait l’organisation non seulement de l’„ager“, mais aussi du territoire restreint où les colons s’étaient installés.

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Градска породица и традиција осамдесетих година XX века

Author(s): Nikola Pantelić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2004

The paper presents general assumptions and the topics covered of the larger study (to be published) on Serbian urban families in the 1980’s. The research was carried out in four cities: Šabac, Užice, Kruševac and Bor. The larger study explores the transmission and maintenance of certain traditional customs and relationships, along with their modifications, adaptations, adjustments or disappearances due to the requirements of contemporary urban life. The main assumption of the study is that the urban, city family has different characteristics and functions than the rural one. The research method included a questionnaire with various questions concerning the structure of the family, income, occupations, educational level, origin, family hierarchy, property, kinship relations and so on. The research sample, which included more than 50 families from all four cities, represents a good foundation for analysis and comparisons. In fact, the sample reveals a general, homogeneous picture on a number of traditional elements among Serbian families in the 1980’s. Additional data were collected in a few other cities. The results of this study will be compared with the author’s previous studies on rural families, suburban areas and city dwellings in Serbia. The data collected so far point to the conclusion that each city has retained a number of traditional, specific features, compatible with its local tradition, population origin, economy, and environment. In spite of the study limitations, it seems likely that the main assumption will be found true.

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The Problem of Rural Youth Outflow in Belgorod Region (Russia)

Author(s): Larisa Nikolaevna Shmigirilova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

In this article, the author is exposing the problem of outflow of rural youth, analyzing the results of a sociological survey conducted in one of Russia’s regions. The article focuses on the fact that it is necessary to make the rural areas attractive not only in terms of ap-pearance, but also to develop their infrastructure. In order to make the village an attractive place to live in, it is necessary to fulfill at least three tasks: to raise the material standard of living in rural areas, to improve cultural and living conditions of villagers and to educate them about modern ways of working in the field of agriculture. None of these problems could be solved without the significant support of the state, so it is necessary to focus on the search for additional mechanisms to support the rural youth while taking into account the integrated development of municipalities. A comfortable, modern way of life in the village and good communications could attract young specialists and encourage graduates who got a professional education to return to their native villages.

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Prvi spomeni kumica na zagrebačkom području

Author(s): Marija Karbić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 29/2006

This short note presents several notices about female inhabitants of the rural area of present-day Zagreb in the Middle Ages and their coming to the city market. It is also discussed the regulation on taxes from 1481 passed by the Diet and speaking, among other matters, about the sum to be paid by "women bringing cheese, eggs and similar products on their heads" for selling. Other data mentioned in the article relates, because of the nature of the sources on our disposal, on cases connected with violence. Some of them were results of the conflicts among individuals and some of those between the free royal city of Gradec and the bishop's borough of Zagreb (Kaptol).

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A mi smo kak su stari rekli... Mladi u seljačkim obiteljima Prigorja i Hrvatskog Zagorja između dva svjetska rata

Author(s): Suzana Leček / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 22/1999

The article shows the role of the youth in the family economy of the peasant families of Prigorje and Hrvatsko-Zagorje between the two world wars. The period of youth has been observed through two aspects: working ability of the youth, and choosing the spouse, which is one of the most important decisions for the whole household. Contracting a marriage meant founding a new economic unit (or supporting the old one). Therefore this decision is not left up to personal attraction, but to common appraisal of the responsible members of the family (elder generation).

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