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Okul İçi Ve Okul Dişi Gürültü Düzeylerinin Karşilaştirilmasi

Author(s): Hüseyin Abakaya,Mızrap Bulunuz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

The purpose of this research is to compare the noise levels both outdoors and indoors of the schools. This research is a descriptive (supplementary) type of research which was done in 3 primary schools, 3 secondary schools and 4 high schools in Orhangazi-Bursa. In these schools, ‘Bruel & KjaerHand-held Analyzer Type 2250-L’ sound meter was used to take sound measurements. Determining the noise levels was done during break time and lesson time both outdoors and indoors of the schools. Findings demonstrated that the indoor noise levels of all schools were significantly higher than the values recommended in the regulation. When the outdoor noise levels are examined, it is seen that only one school is below the recommended values. Outdoor and indoor noise levels of central-city schools were higher than the noise levels of schools far from city-center. According to these findings, new schools need to be constructed in areas where the noise levels are low, far from the center of the city. There is also a need for sound insulation in all schools. Comparisons of school types at different levels found that the noise level of primary schools was significantly higher than the others. These findings indicate that a program is a needed to detect and design methods for controlling excessive noise in all school types.

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Urbani idiom sa osvrtom na ruralni - Das stadtidiom mit der blick auf das dorfidiom

Author(s): Azra Bešić,Ivica Tokić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/2011

Gradovi i sela su mjesta gdje se odvijaju razne vrste razgovora. Njihovi stanovnici usmjeravaju svoju energiju na međusobnu komunikaciju. Slušajući razgovor u gradu veoma lako ćemo ustanoviti da se kroz cijelu priču koja se razvija među govornicima provlače institucije, vrijeme, prostor, raspored kretanja i razne vrste društvenih odnosa – karakterističnih za život u gradu. Ako sa prethodno navedenim razgovorom, pak, usporedimo jedan razgovor na selu, uvidjet ćemo da se ta dva razgovora bitno razlikuju – razgovor na selu neće sadržati elemente koji se nužno spominju u razgovoru između dva gradska govornika. Kad, gdje, kako i zašto ljudi upravo tako govore? Tom problematikom se ukratko bavi ovaj rad.

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Stanje i perspektive ruralnog razvoja u Hercegovini

Author(s): Marina Čuljak / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2010

The paper examines the rural areas of Herzegovina with regard to the current situation and possibilities and perspectives of development of rural areas which is reflected in the creation of farms, agro-tourism, organic farming and rural tourism. For rural development is necessary to create an economic perspective in mind the possibility of job creation and employment of the population, reconstruction of infrastructure and in connecting the area as a natural territorial capital with their values, agriculture as a core business, rural tourism and development of small family businesses and trades. With a significant rural area, agriculture and tourism potential Herzegovina can become an important tourist destination. For the promotion of rural development requires a much more active participation of state institutions, especially local communities.

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NASELJA FOJHAR, GOSTILJ I LIKARI KOD SREBRENICE KRAJEM 19. STOLJEĆA

Author(s): Rusmir Djedović,Adib Đozić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2018

U radu su obrađena tri naselja, koja se nalaze sa sjeverne strane grada Srebrenice. To su prilično međusobno isprepletana naselja: Fojhar, Gostilj i Likari. Istražuje se stanje naselja krajem 19. stoljeća. Daje se detaljan pregled svakog naselja, posebno urbano-geografskih, vlasničkih i demografskih karakteristika. Navode se kuće i drugi urbani sadržaji, imanja i zemljišta, njihovi vlasnici i brojni toponimi. U svakom od naselja je navedeno cjelokupno poznato kulturno-historijsko naslijeđe. Rad je napisan na osnovu gruntovnih knjiga iz 1894. godine i katastarskih planova iz istog perioda.

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Characterization and Effects of Noise Levels of Portable Generators Used in Residential Buildings in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria: A Case Study

Author(s): Akeem Wahab / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The proliferation of generators used in urban settlements in Nigeria over the years has been a major source of concern to the health and comfort of building occupants. This study, therefore, assessed the impact of outdoor and indoor noise levels associated with the use of generators on the environment and building occupants. The study area, Ibadan Metropolis, was divided into core, transition and suburban zones. Five (5) residential buildings were purposively selected in each of the core, transition and suburban zones of the study area. Measurement of noise levels was taken with the use of a digital sound level meter with compliance to NESREA and OSHA standards. The outdoor noise levels before and during use of generators were taken at 0, 2 and 4m from external walls of the buildings sampled while the corresponding indoor noise levels were taken at the actively useable internal space; at a least distance of 1m from internal walls, 1.2 - 1.5m above floor level and 1.5m from windows. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected. The findings of the study revealed that the mean indoor noise levels of 79.97 dB, 87.4 dB during use of generators in residential buildings were highest in the core zone and above the permissible limits. The study concluded that there should be adoption of best house-keeping practices by positioning generators in properly built enclosure features; and efforts made to enforce sales and procurement of generators with noise abatement mechanisms that can conform to ISO 3744 and local codes so as to mitigate impact of its high noise levels on the health and comfort of building occupants.

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Toplumsal Cinsiyet Yönüyle Kadin Kentlilerin Haklari Ve Kentsel Hizmetler

Author(s): H. Burçin Henden Şolt / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 6/2018

Local governments have been tasked with meeting the demands and demands of the city. Democracy, decentralized management and participation concepts are expected to integrate with the public legal personality. Both the Municipal Law no. 5393 and the Declaration of Urban Rights envisages the provision of various services to people sharing the city. It is important whether a balanced distribution of access to urban services can be made. It is a well-known fact that women do not receive urban services in proportion to their population. This study aims to examine urban services from the perspective of women. It is important to interpret the services to be provided to women according to the local government duties and the Urban Rights Declaration. Women who have limited access to services due to the meanings of gender perceptions of social cultures can experience the urbanization process more slowly than men. The evaluation of the concept of gender inequality in terms of access to urban services should be seen not only as a problem of women but also as a problem of the country. Urban planning approaches should respond to women's changing roles in society. Strategies should be developed to meet expectations for safe accessibility, comfortable and active life for urban services.

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A MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC CITY: CASE OF CORDOBA

Author(s): S. Evinç TORLAK,Tanzer ÇELIKTÜRK,Onur KULAÇ,Recep Arslan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

From Turkestan to Andalusia Spain, Medieval Islamic cities geographically occupied a wide area, and thus they had left their mark on the medieval era. Being one of these Islamic cities, Cordoba was seized by the Arabs in 711 and the first urbanization activities began upon moving the government centre from Seville to Cordoba. Later on, as the capital city of Andalusia Umayyad Dynasty, Cordoba became one of the most crucial cities of Spain in terms of science, art and trade. In this study, stating the features of medieval Western and Islamic cities, initially, the geographic, politic, economic and philosophic bases that took part in the establishment of the cities will be discussed and a specific focus will be made upon Cordoba city. Afterwards, information about the history, city layout and structure, city administration, socio-economic structure and cultural formation of Cordoba will be presented. This study reveals that Renaissance which is the main output of the European urbanization in medieval era cannot be considered apart from the administrative, socio-economic, cultural and architectural features of the Islamic cities within the context of Ibn Haldun’s thoughts.

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Śmierć, śmierć, inne życie. Wieś w literaturze polskiej przełomu XX i XXI wieku

Author(s): Przemysław Czapliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

Exploring the changing position of the village in Polish culture and fiction at the turn of the twenty-first century, Czapliński argues that: 1) the 1990s see a decline in the literary peasant tradition (due to the loss of symbolic and political representation); in its place we get fiction that thematizes the village; 2) in the plot, the double death of the peasant tradition is expressed through the motif of the dying village (depopulation, poverty) as well as the status of the undead (ghosts, spectres) imparted on the village community; 3) only in works of the 2010s, literary representations of the village begin to give rise to new social ties, new methods of production and other narratives.

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„Nocny złodziej jabłek” – Henryk Bereza i nurt chłopski w prozie polskiej

Author(s): Andrzej Skrendo / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

This article explores Henryk Bereza’s literary criticism as well as fiction in the so-called peasant tradition. This movement blossomed in the 1970s, and Bereza was the most important critic to tackle this phenomenon. What was the peasant tradition? What debates did it give rise to? What does it signify today?

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Przesiedleni chłopi uruchamiają miasto

Author(s): Inga Iwasiów / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

This article explores literary critical and historical discourses on resettlements after 1945; it also examines selected practices adopted by writers and reporters, with Franciszek Gil serving as an example. Before the war Gil had reported on issues pertaining to the peasant population, developing a range of metaphors for the Recovered Territories as a place of advancement – from the village to the city. His vision is naturally based on simplifications, but there is more to it. For instance, many of the metaphors to describe Szczecin in the Socialist-Realist register – such as the slogan ‘Szczecin – the world’s port;’ fish being referred to as ‘gold’ and fishery as ‘gold-digging’ – have entered the local vernacular. This language, which over time was recognised as an instance of Socialist Realist poetics, was supposed to validate these spaces and the people who had transformed illiteracy and poverty into education and work. Gil explored the mechanisms of that transformation. But while wrote that ‘social life is beginning to be coherent with itself,’ his story suggests that this coherence was short-lived, for he sank into obscurity. It is his legend that lives on in the region. The present article discusses these mechanisms of attraction–repression–assimilation (of places, events, individuals).

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Wyprawa po skrzynię posażną. Po lekturze Toastu na progu Andrzeja Mencwela

Author(s): Małgorzata Litwinowicz-Droździel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

This article explores selected passages from Andrzej Mencwel’s autobiographical essay Toast na progu [Toast on the Threshold] in the context of recent literary and critical texts as well as artistic works that explore – and introduce to a broader public – the question of Polish culture’s peasant roots. Litwinowicz-Droździel focuses on the problems of civilization in Mencwel’s work and on his diagnoses regarding the current state of peasant culture.

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Okolica: wymiary postronności na wsi

Author(s): Karolina Koprowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Koprowska brings studies on cultural landscapes – including terms such as “surroundings” and the “taskscape” – to bear on passages from peasants’ narratives submitted to a competition held in 1948 and titled “Descriptions of My Countryside”. She categorizes peasant onlookers during the Holocaust and identifies four levels of their involvement: deliberate actions aimed at creating the surroundings (fulfilling specific tasks), sensual perception, presence that has a bodily and affective dimension, as well as silence and the difficulty of articulation.

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Aktywność społeczności wiejskiej w ramach funkcjonowania Lokalnych Grup Działania w województwie świętokrzyskim

Author(s): Patryk Brambert,Iwona Kiniorska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Development of rural areas is largely affected by NGOs and local organization, a good example of which is the operation of Local Action Groups (LAGs). LAGs mainly stimulate development of rural areas by defining community needs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the activity of inhabitants of rural areas in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship within the scope of initiatives of selected LAGs. The study was based on secondary sources with queries of available information: documents of organizations, strategies, data obtained from the Central Statistical Office of Poland, database of the National Rural Network 2014–2020. Social activity was studied on the basis of information concerning finished projects from the period of 2014–2017 published on Facebook by LAGs in question. The time span comprised the period of 2007–2017. The study focused on 5 LAGs headquartered in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship and located in its various parts. The areas of their activity are diversified in terms of environmental conditions and economic functions. // W procesie rozwoju obszarów wiejskich istotną rolę odgrywają organizacje pozarządowe i stowarzyszenia lokalne. Charakterystycznym przykładem takich inicjatyw są Lokalne Grupy Działania. Główną przesłanką działania LGD jest aktywizacja środowisk wiejskich w kierunku kształtowania rozwoju, poprzez sformułowanie potrzeb społeczności. Celem pracy jest ocena aktywności mieszkańców wsi woj. świętokrzyskiego w ramach inicjatyw podejmowanych przez wybrane LGD. W badaniu wykorzystano źródła wtórne dokonując kwerendy dostępnych materiałów: dokumentów stowarzyszeniowych, strategii, danych GUS, informacji z bazy Krajowej Sieci Obszarów Wiejskich 2014–2020. Aktywność społeczności lokalnej zbadano na podstawie informacji o zrealizowanych działaniach w latach 2014–2017, które zostały zamieszczone przez obrane LGD na portalu społecznościowym Facebook. Zakres czasowy analiz objął lata 2007–2017. W badaniu uwzględniono 5 LGD, które mają siedziby na terenie woj. świętokrzyskiego i są zlokalizowane w różnych jego częściach. Tereny objęte działaniem tych partnerstw są zróżnicowane pod względem warunków środowiskowych i charakteru pełnionych funkcji gospodarczych.

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Poczucie samotności uczniów szkoły wiejskiej

Author(s): Joanna Wrótniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the experience of loneliness among students of rural schools. For the purpose of identifying the occurrence of loneliness, the Polish adaptation of the de Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale was employed. The study was carried out by means of a poll method in 7th grade of primary school as well as 2nd and 3rd grade of gymnasium. In total, it encompassed 103 respondents aged 14–16, 44 (42.7%) of whom were girls and 59 (57.3%) were boys. Upon the analysis of the results it was possible to determine the primary group of the boys and girls surveyed in terms of their experience of loneliness. The majority of the girls (70.50%) and the boys (59.60%) were found to experience loneliness to a moderate extent.

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Transmisja międzypokoleniowa w rodzinach wiejskich w Małopolsce

Author(s): Magdalena Kowalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9.3/2017

The transmission of cultural content takes place on the way and within the process of socialization, including the so-called initial, make in childhood and mainly in the family (although it may also be in other primary groups). Intergenerational transmission may take different forms and directions, but it is worthwhile to draw attention to the role of the generation of grandparents as those who first communicate to their children and then to their grandchildren their knowledge and experience. This kind of message is a lasting feature of family life. What is particularly import ant, the rural environment especially conducive to maintaining intergenerational relationships in a more traditional form than in large urban settings. The aim of the presented paper is an attempt to assess the essence of the intergenerational transmission in rural families in Małopolska. The relationship between the eldest and the youngest generation, so relations of grandparents and grandchildren, was taken into account. This article presents the results of research conducted in 2015, referring to previous researches by the author on multi-generational rural families in Małopolska, and also by comparison with the results of other authors’ research. On the basis of comparative studies it can be stated that while older generations no longer serve as an important advisory role in the family, as it once was, it is different in introducing young people into Polish history, communicating national and family traditions and customs, and also telling the events of their life. So seniors owed a high degree of traditionalism and tradition to their families.

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Problem zarządzania orlikami z perspektywy animatorów z gmin wiejskich i miejskich

Author(s): Elżbieta Biernat,Monika Piątkowska,Paweł Zembura,Aleksandra Gołdys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8.3/2017

Thinking about increasing the physical activity of Poles often ends in building sport facilities. Meanwhile, it is a fundamental but only the initial stage of stimulating this process. The „My pitch Orlik 2012” program is a unique initiative that gave us all a great opportunity, provided that we know how to use it well. Continuous active support of this unprecedented project, identifying with it and supporting the work of animators, who are the key success factors in the functioning of the Orliks, are of utmost importance. Understanding their problems and needs, as well as support from governing institutions are crucial to succeed. The presented work deals with the specifics of the animators’ work and the whole context in which they operate. The problems which they face and the sources of support for their work are analyzed – with particular emphasis on the location of Orliks (rural and urban communities).

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Can Rural-Urban Migrants Escape from Poverty? Evidence from Four Indonesian Cities

Author(s): Devanto Shasta Pratomo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This study examines the probability of rural-urban migrants in Indonesia living under poverty at destination. The poverty levels is divided into three categories including poor households, near-poor households, and non-poor households, basing on the definition of Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics’s poverty lines using the expenditure approach. Using Rural-Urban Migration of Indonesia and China (RUMiCI) 2011 data, the findings show that migrants tend to be categorized as non-poor as compared to non-migrants. The important factors that help migrants to escape from poverty include education of household heads, the number of dependents, and previous working experience in the modern sectors.

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Triple Helix Readiness – Assessment of Readiness to Cooperate in Relations Between Science, Business and Administration

Author(s): Kinga Bednarzewska / Language(s): English Issue: 7.2/2017

The subject of relations and implementation of cooperation of science, business and administration environments as one of the competitiveness strategies of cities, and examination of diverse benefits arising from such actions is valuable both from the point of view of the theory of economics and business activity practice. The author, while pursuing the purpose of the paper, determined the readiness of the city of Lublin for undertaking cooperation with the scientific and business environments and presented classification of the city into one of the groups by means of the Triple Helix Readiness methodology. On the basis of the conducted research recommendations concerning changes in implementation of the cooperation in the field of management, leadership, competences and technology were presented, through implementation of which the city would obtain a better competitive position. The application value for science is made up of recommendations allowing for increasing the competitive position of the chosen destination and the overall increase of Poland’s competitiveness in the selected business sector.

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Strategia rozwoju miasta inteligentnego – perspektywa polska

Author(s): Dorota Sikora-Fernandez / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2.3/2017

City development towards the smart city concept it is a challenge for local authorities in situation of Poland. Due to the fact that the urban population is growing rapidly, quality of life reaches a lower level, which is determinant of deteriorating living conditions in cities and their uncontrolled growth. This requires the development of urban management system, which can optimize its development, and reduce the cost of its operation in the long run. New problem, requiring detailed analysis, is the question of the degree of spatial and economic changes of the city as a result of the use of advanced technology. The article’s objectives is to identify the degree to which the smart city concept is used for managing cities in Poland.

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Strategia wykorzystania okazji w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego na przykładzie „Strategii rozwoju ulicy Piotrkowskiej w Łodzi na lata 2009– 2020”

Author(s): Marek Andrzejewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2.3/2017

The specific conditions for the functioning of any organization in the modern world are variability, turbulence of its environment. Strategic public management is a new scientific discipline in management theory dealing primarily with long-term planning issues of regional and local authorities. The strategies for the development of these units are of fundamental importance for the harmonious functioning of regional and local authorities. Empirical studies of Polish small and medium enterprises have shown the widespread use of opportunity strategies (simple rules) in planning their development. Research has shown that every other Polish company is developing on the basis of opportunity rather than strategy. The Institute of Rural Development and Agriculture of the Polish Academy of Sciences conducted researches of rural gminas, stating that only a few of them have current development strategies. The main problem of the paper is the possibility of using opportunity strategies (simple rules) in regional and local authorities. The contents of the paper were analyzed case study of „Piotrkowska Street Development Strategy in Łódź for 2009-2020”, which demonstrated the use of opportunity strategy as an activity implementing the goals and objectives of the core strategy.

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