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Ściganie przestępczości White Collar Crime w Polsce i Japonii

Ściganie przestępczości White Collar Crime w Polsce i Japonii

Author(s): Jakub Łukasz Pacławski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2016

At the beginning of the article author argues general issues concerning crime in Japan. In the next part he explains factors impact on progress the corruption and crimes such as White Collar Crimes. Author also describes organization of prosecution in Japan and Poland according to new Polish prosecution act passed on 28th January 2016. Furthermore two main legal rules are compared: opportunism and legalism. The summary points out cultural differences and their influence on a legal system.

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Etyczne dylematy prawa (kara śmierci, aborcja i eutanazja) w świetle badań polskiej opinii publicznej

Etyczne dylematy prawa (kara śmierci, aborcja i eutanazja) w świetle badań polskiej opinii publicznej

Author(s): Małgorzata Stefaniuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

The present study comprises three selected ethical dilemmas of law but regarded as the most fundamental: death penalty, abortion, and euthanasia. What they have in common is a close relationship with the legal protection of the life of every human being as provided for in Art. 38, the Republic of Poland’s Constitution of 2 April 1997. The general character of the constitutional provisions caused these highly controversial issues to be left for ordinary legislation to address and for public debate, which was intensified in recent years. Public opinion polls concerning the issues in question show that in Poland supporters of the death penalty still outnumber its opponents. Opinions on the admissibility of abortion and euthanasia are divided almost in the literal sense of the word, the differences between the supporters and opponents of these kinds of behavior being negligible. It can, however, be observed that the number of abortion opponents is increasing, which may prove that the 1993 regulation successfully played an educational role, gradually strengthening the value of the protection of life, including that of conceived children. The practice of taking into consideration the influence of the public opinion on the content of legislation, arising from the principle of the democratic state ruled by law, requires that the legal awareness of Polish society be constantly improved.

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Od ryczałtu odszkodowania do miarkowania -kompensacyjny charakter kary umownej w prawie polskim na tle rozwiązań przyjętych w dziewiętnastowiecznym prawie cywilnym

Od ryczałtu odszkodowania do miarkowania -kompensacyjny charakter kary umownej w prawie polskim na tle rozwiązań przyjętych w dziewiętnastowiecznym prawie cywilnym

Author(s): Anna Fermus-Bobowiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The present paper addresses the institution of the contractual penalty and its normative reflection in the Polish 20th-century civil law, presented on its 19th-century background. Within the scope of presented institution, the considerations included civil law which was in force during the partitions of Poland (Napoleonic Code, ABGB, BGB, Code of Laws of the Russian Empire – volume 10) and then obligations code and current civil code. It has enabled to show that the juridical construction of the contractual penalty in the contemporary civil law is based on the 19th-century normative solutions.

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Orzecznictwo Sądu Okręgowego w Krakowie w sprawach o bluźnierstwo (1 września 1932 r. – 1 września 1939 r.)

Orzecznictwo Sądu Okręgowego w Krakowie w sprawach o bluźnierstwo (1 września 1932 r. – 1 września 1939 r.)

Author(s): Maciej Mikuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

According to reviews of penal cases in the District Court in Kraków, there were 46 cases based on Art. 172, i.e. blasphemy, in the period from September 1, 1932 (when the new penal code entered into force) to the beginning of the Second World War. 72.5% of those accused were sentenced to 6 to 12 months in prison (1/3 of sentences were suspended). The National Archive in Kraków contains the acts of only 16 cases; the rest were destroyed. From these remaining acts we learn that most of the accused were farmers or workers who were poorly educated and owned no property, and that they committed the crime mostly during the course of a quarrel, not rarely under the influence of alcohol. Judges did not verify prerequisites of the blasphemy precisely; they did not analyse the intent of the accused sufficiently. This negligence was demonstrated by attorneys, but without any positive results for the accused. The strong social demur against blasphemy and lack of tolerance for such behaviour is visible in the extant acts.

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Środek karny z art. 41 § 1a k.k. Uwagi na marginesie wyroku SN z dnia 1 października 2014 roku, II KK 129/14

Środek karny z art. 41 § 1a k.k. Uwagi na marginesie wyroku SN z dnia 1 października 2014 roku, II KK 129/14

Author(s): Magdalena Budyn-Kulik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article deals with the penalty measure of art. 41 § 1a of Polish Criminal Code. Remarks are based on the ground of the Highest Court verdict (1st October 2014, II KK 129/14). The measure from an art. 41 § 1a of Polish Criminal Code can be meted out only of a perpetrator violates sexual freedom of a victim. There are many doubts about this measure. The regulation had been added to the original text of Polish Criminal Code and it does not suit the whole system of penalty measures well. Controversial are its: duration (in general), optional or obligatory character, possibility to mete it out with conditional suspension of execution of imprisonment or penalty of imprisonment other than 1 month to 15 years, formal or material basis of the measure.

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O skutkowym lub bezskutkowym charakterze czynów zabronionych przez art. 182 k.k.

O skutkowym lub bezskutkowym charakterze czynów zabronionych przez art. 182 k.k.

Author(s): Marek Kulik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The article is regarding character of acts forbidden in art. 182 of Penal Code. which is the crime of entering pollutants into earth, water or air in such an amount or for the figure, which can threaten life or health of many persons or cause great damage in plant or animal world. The majority of doctrine perceives this act as non­consecutive, arguing that for committing the crime is not necessary becoming known of the effect in the form of danger for the good protected by the art. 182 (natural environment). It is obvious, that it is not necessary becoming known of danger. The article is devoted to establish whether causing some other effect is predicted with the provision of art. 182. Analysis of the provision is leading to the statement that it is possible to talk about the criminal effect of the act forbidden in art. 182 of Penal Code. The effect is being the pollutants in the water, the air or the earth. This effect should be assigned to the perpetrator in compliance with all principles of objective assigning

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Zachowania samobójcze nieletnich – ocena zagrożenia, oddziaływanie terapeutyczne

Zachowania samobójcze nieletnich – ocena zagrożenia, oddziaływanie terapeutyczne

Author(s): Waldemar Woźniak,Waldemar Piekarski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2006

According to the data from the World Health Organisation (Pużyński S., 2000), over 1300 people in the world are killed every day as a result of attempted suicides. The number of suicidal attempts is probably about fifteen times higher. There are two dominating motives of suicidal behaviours – a death wish and a wish of affecting the surrounding community. Inventories for suicide risk assessment are of particular use in diagnostic and therapeutic work. With reference to Frankl’s therapeutic approach, one ought to underline an important role of shaping and developing interests in the suicide prophylactics and in psychocorrection as well. The interests are of both cognitive as well as, what is particularly important, of affective character.

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Zdolność do bycia w dialogu jako kompetencja komunikacyjna w kontekście dozoru kuratorskiego

Zdolność do bycia w dialogu jako kompetencja komunikacyjna w kontekście dozoru kuratorskiego

Author(s): Łukasz Storch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The pedagogy correctional probation as part of the curatorial supervision depends on the choice of the type of interaction and forms, and success in their important role played by probation officers. The interactions between probation officer and the ward reveals a dialogical space that relationship. It has many forms, among which we can mention, among others, “meeting” and “dialogue”. This fits in with the philosophy and existential dialogue presented by Martin Buber, according to which a real conversation, thus fulfilling the relationship between human beings constitutes acceptance of otherness. “Humanity and humanity become real meetings. People need and can also confirm each other in their individual being”. The process of rehabilitation requires dialogical proceedings against ward. Dialog fact closer to the people by its openness and reciprocity. According to Stanislaw Sławiński, “dialogue is a conversation free from all adulteration, and so the caller must see each other in person, to be honest, and at the same time what they say must coincide with the real facts. Th ey need to talk to each other about something they believe is important, what makes really want to give something back and something from the other side to hear”. You can refer to the nature of the phenomena associated with the activities of probation, in which special significance is dialogic aspect.

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Elviselni az elviselhetetlent - A Martinovics-összeesküvés elítéltjeinek börtönvilága

Elviselni az elviselhetetlent - A Martinovics-összeesküvés elítéltjeinek börtönvilága

Author(s): Márton Szilágyi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2015

The suppression of the so-called Martinovics Conspiration began in 1794. Our knowledge about the strategies that those persons who were then arrested and investigated and finally convicted elaborated and applied in order to survive life in the prison is limited and undetailed. We do dispose, however, of an exceptional source, namely the memoirs of Ferenc Kazinczy, entitled the Diary of my Captivity, which can be complemented by a great number of other letters and notices from his written legacy. On the basis of this material, it is possible to outline several possibilities and circumstances which enlighten the reactions elicited by the imprisonments which extended for several years, and were to be spent in individual cells. It is these personal strategies that the present study aims to examine systematically. The example of Kazinczy himself is a perfect illustration of how the emergence of prisonpsychosis, which in fact overcame some of the prisoners, could effectively be prevented by some forms of intellectual practices such as the secret, knocking-based method of interprison communication, and the likewise illegal forms of reading, writing and drawing. An especially great importance was attached to the Latin language; frequently it was the very medium which made communication possible, for contemporary prisons were organised on an all-imperial basis, which meant that people of various linguistic backgrounds could become cell-neighbors. Consequently, those lacking sufficient knowledge of Latin were liable to exclusion from prison communication. The prison memoirs of Kazinczy are not only exceptional in making such a nuanced approach possible, but also because they constitute the only such extensive text written at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries in any language of the multiethnic Habsburg Monarchy.

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Marxovo naslijeđe u recentnoj kriminološkoj teoriji: od konfliktne ka radikalnoj kriminologiji

Marxovo naslijeđe u recentnoj kriminološkoj teoriji: od konfliktne ka radikalnoj kriminologiji

Author(s): Adnana Šabani / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2018

The paper deals with the importance and relevance of Marx’s thoughts in recent criminology through the connection of conflict and marxist (radical) criminology. Marx’s understanding of capitalism was emphasized as a system of contradictions of capital and labor, reducing all of society’s strengths on capital goods, protecting private property and gaining value in the form of profits. The cause of criminality is considered capitalism as the dominant socio-economic formation of the modern age. It follows that the society is conflicting in that sense and the theory of conflict with the theory of radical criminology is presented. The basic focus of the interest of radical criminology and the modern era is outlined in the sense of the contradictions of modern capitalism and its social products such as misery, risk, criminality, and the praxis of power in treatment of crime.

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O odpowiedzialności karnej, uzasadnieniu kary i koncepcji komunikacyjnej karania

O odpowiedzialności karnej, uzasadnieniu kary i koncepcji komunikacyjnej karania

Author(s): Michał Peno / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The article concerns the concept of punishment as an act of communication. Some retributivsts (i.e. ‘positive’ retributivists) believe that punishment communicates a censure. The article’s central proposition is that the act of communication is, in fact, strongly connected with the criminal responsibility. Furthermore, responsibility should not be identified with punishment. The so called positive retributivists claim that in order to fulfill communication purposes, offender have to be punished. However, punishment seems to be conceptually independent of the process of moral communication. It is shown that communication is linked with the very idea of criminal responsibility and the censure should by communicated through responsibility. Therefore, the article offers the view of responsibility as a complex process. Responsibility is an important social practice which in many cases can substitute punishment, particularly in its communicative aspect.

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Rehabilitacija političkih osuđenika i kažnjenika u Srbiji (15)

Author(s): Jovica Trkulja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2014

Institut rehabilitacije lica koja su krivično ili u širem smislu kazneno osuđena iz političkih ili ideoloških razloga uveden je u naš pravni sistem Zakonom o rehabilitaciji iz 2006. godine. Nesumnjivo je jasan politički značaj uvođenja rehabilitacije lica osuđenih iz političkih ili ideoloških razloga u naš pravni sistem. Raniji društveni poredak koji je u svom nastanku bio oslonjen na sistematsko kršenje prava pojedinaca koji su smatrani neprijateljima novog društvenog poretka poznat je po zloupotrebama prava u političke svrhe. Savremeno društveno uređenje zasnovano je na demokratiji, vladavini prava, ali i tržišnoj privredi i uopšte građanskom društvu kao okviru u kome se ostvaruju prava i slobode pojedinaca. Kako bi se to omogućilo, potrebno je otkloniti iz pravnog sistema koliko je to god moguće sve one delove koji su suprotni opšteprihvaćenim načelima pravne države i omogućiti ranijim klasnim neprijateljima, odnosno njihovim naslednicima uživanje prava kojih su lišeni, od otklanjanja žiga osuđenih lica pa sve do prava na rehabilitaciono obeštećenje odnosno povraćaj konfiskovane imovine. [...]

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Rehabilitacija Milana Petrujkića

Author(s): Jovica Trkulja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2014

Početkom 1976. godine je uhapšen pod optužbom da je u periodu od 1970. godine do juna meseca 1975. u Boru, Zlotu i na Rtnju organizovano radio na iznalaženju, zbližavanju, proučavanju i angažovanju pojedinih lica radi stvaranja grupe za prijem u „Marksističko-lenjinističko komunističku partiju Jugoslavije i njihovom radu na izvršavanju zadataka ove partije. Presudom Okružnog suda u Zaječaru K. 7/76 od 9. marta 1976. osuđen je na kaznu strogog zatvora u trajanju od 13 godina zbog krivičnog dela udruživanja protiv naroda i države iz čl. 117 st. 1 u vezi sa krivičnim delom kontrarevolucionarni napad na državno i društveno uređenje iz čl. 100 Krivičnog zakonika. [...]

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Рехабилитација политичких осуђеника и кажњеника у Србији (16)

Author(s): Jovica Trkulja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2015

Као штоје познато, Закон о рехабилитацији из 2006. logune определио се за правну рехабилитацију у ужем смислу (жршва полишичке репресије има право само на то да се пресуда Upomacu ништавом). On није био праћен доношењем нужних пратећих закона и није омоућио право ш обешшећење жртава политичке репресије. У настојању да се превладају слабосШи поменутог закона и да се омоЈући обешећење рехабилитованих лица, Народна скупштинаје ујесен 2011. logune донела нови Закон о рестишуцији и нови Закон о рехабилитацији. На тај начин створени су услови да се надокнади неправда која се догодила у току Друш светског рата и после њеш политичким осуђеницима и власницима имовине који су осуђени и остали без имовине без eamanol правног основа, а на основу „револуционарних закона". [...]

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Rehabilitacija političkih osuđenika u Srbiji

Author(s): Jovica Trkulja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2016

Institut rehabilitacije lica koja su krivično ili u širem smislu kazneno osuđena iz političkih ili ideoloških razloga uveden je u naš pravni sistem Zakonom o rehabilitaciji iz 2006. godine. Nesumnjivo je jasan politički značaj uvođenja rehabilitacije lica osuđenih iz političkih ili ideoloških razloga u naš pravni sistem. Raniji društveni poredak koji je u svom nastanku bio oslonjen na sistematsko kršenje prava pojedinaca koji su smatrani neprijateljima novog društvenog poretka poznat je po zloupotrebama prava u političke svrhe. Savremeno društveno uređenje zasnovano je na demokratiji, vladavini prava, ali i tržišnoj privredi i uopšte građanskom društvu kao okviru u kome se ostvaruju prava i slobode pojedinaca. Kako bi se to omogućilo, potrebno je otkloniti iz pravnog sistema koliko je to god moguće sve one delove koji su suprotni opšteprihvaćenim načelima pravne države i omogućiti ranijim klasnim neprijateljima, odnosno njihovim naslednicima uživanje prava kojih su lišeni, od otklanjanja žiga osuđenih lica pa sve do prava na rehabilitaciono obeštećenje odnosno povraćaj konfiskovane imovine. [...]

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Rehabilitacija Radivoja Berbakova

Author(s): Jovica Trkulja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2016

Radivoj Berbakov je rođen 11. februara u Kikindi od oca Milutina i majke Milice, rođene Nedin. Od 1932. do 1940. pohađao je osnovnu školu u Kikindi. U 15. godini dobio je posao pomoćnog radnika u kikindskoj štampariji. Godine 1942. odlazi u Beograd i polaže prijemni ispit u školi za primenjenu umetnost. Nastavlja školovanje u ratnim uslovima. Doživeo je i preživeo sva bombardovanja Beograda 1941–1945. Stupio je u VIII crnogorsku brigadu 15. oktobra 1944. i učestvovao u borbama za oslobođenje Beograda i na Sremskom frontu. U borbama kod Erdevika je ranjen 3. decembra i upućen u armijsku bolnicu u Sremsku Mitrovicu, gde ostaje do izlečenja. Nakon izlečenja vraća se u jedinicu 9. maja 1945. [...]

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NAŠI PITOMCI U LORETU

NAŠI PITOMCI U LORETU

Author(s): Antun Dević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2006

The Illyrian College in Loreto (Collegio Illyrico di Loreto) was founded by Pope Gregory XIII to provide education for the clergy of Balkan countries under the rule of Turks. It was open in 1580 in the Italian town of Loreto (Ancona) and run by Jesuits. One cardinal was the patron and the financial support was provided by the town’s Sanctuary of St. Mary. Since the beginning the College had 30 inmates who attended the grammar school and moral theology classes. At their arrival they took an oath that after their studies they would be ordained as priests and go back to their countries. The College was founded for young men from the countries under Turkish rule, but due to the circumstances in their countries they could not come on a regular basis. Thus the majority of inmates were from Dalmatia. When Jesuits tried to extend the College to those who were in the most need of it, the canons of the Sanctuary managed to close it down in 1593. Pope Urban VIII re-established the college under the administration of Jesuits in 1634 for 36 inmates; 12 from Dalmatia and 24 from the countries under Turkish rule.

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Sodni zapor v Ljubljani med drugo svetovno vojno

Author(s): Damijan Guštin / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/1999

The author deals with the operation of the court prison in Ljubljana during the Second World War. The prison was used by both the Italian (1941-1943) and German (1943-1945) occupying regimes for the imprisonment of criminal offenders as well as the detention of those suspected of collaboration with the resistance movement. The Italian occupants used part of it for its Second Army's Military Court prison. Reliable sources suggest that during those four years, some 14,500 prisoners were interned in the prison, the capacity of which was 400. Such a large number required a more rapid turnover of prisoners and shorter periods of internment. The busiest months saw a new contingent of prisoners completely replacing the previous one every forthnight. In spite of this, the number of inmates held at a time exceeded the prison capacity up to three times (totalling to as many as 1,060).

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Epuracija in povojne žrtve v Zahodni Evropi

Epuracija in povojne žrtve v Zahodni Evropi

Author(s): Boris Mlakar / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1996

On the basis of the literature, the author presents the process of epuration, i.e. the punishment of collaborationists, in Western European countries after the Second World War. An introductory presentation of the phenomenon of collaborationism and related legal, civilizational and moral problems which both resistance movements and new democratic authorities had to face after the war, is followed by a detailed description of the ways the authorities in Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg and France dealt with collaborationists. The data regarding the number of the collaborationists who were sentenced and executed, both with or without a trial, are also quoted.

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Akteri mobinga u vojnoj sredini

Akteri mobinga u vojnoj sredini

Author(s): Radomir Čolaković,Jelena Čolaković Lončar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

In the work the author described, for the first time in this region, the psychological profiles of mobbing actors in the military environment. Mobbing actors in the military environment have more specific personality profiles than mobbing actors in the civil sector. So far, there has been mostly talk about mobber and mobbing victims. Mobber has a psychopathic personality structure and is most often at command position, but this is not a rule. The mobbing victim is most often at a lower formational position in the military hierarchy and is, also, mostly subordinate member of the collective. Mobbing victims are in most cases, among the most capable, the most professional people within their formational position and their military evidentiary service. In the same manner, they are motivated for a military call and have a high motivation for achievement. They love their business. They react to stimulating measures. These are the seniors who cause envy of colleagues. Also, they are honest and strictly adhered to military regulations. In their working lives, they have been rewarded and praised many times because of their great results. In the same context, they demonstrate pedantry in work on entrusted tasks and work tasks, respect the deadlines for the execution of tasks, strictly adhere to military regulations, innovation in work and self-initiative. Also, the author described and discovered another profile that belongs to mobbing actors, but which has not been mentioned in theory and practice so far. These are imitators of mobbers. They represent a “security cordon” of mobber, the support group. Mostly they are, from the psychological aspect, simple personality structures. When they enter in the “work of the imitators,” they often translate their observations into the language of their own interests. For them, it is permitted periodic deviations in military behavior. Among the imitators of the mobber there are seniors, who in the past had military “sins,” so that mobber really “keeps them in the hand”. The work is useful for military psychologists, especially for seniors on command positions, who, on the basis of the facts presented, can easily identify the mobbing actors in the military collective and, on the basis of these findings, take adequate measures of prevention.

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