We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

Capital punishment: a theoretical and cooperative analysis

Author(s): Tainá Corrêa Barbosa Ramos / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2016

Among all the different types of penalties that exist in the various juridical systems around the world, capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is one of the most controversial ones. The discussion about its legitimacy and legality crosses social, philosophical, cultural, religious and historical fields. The present article aims to first analyze how capital punishment is treated in different parts of the world, whether it is present or not, and to later on focus on the attempts to justify such a harsh punishment, by both the retributive and utilitarian theories of punishment.

More...

Download

Wykonywanie uprawnień przedsiębiorcy jako pokrzywdzonego w procesie karnym

Author(s): Katarzyna Prelińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

Recently, amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code have been made with unusual frequency. On 1 July 2015, the provisions which made a fundamental remodeling of the criminal procedure came into force. These included innovative regulations for the possibility of applying for compensation from the State Treasury for unjustifiable use of coercive measures, including seizure of property. Although the implementation of these provisions was consistent with the standpoint of the majority of the doctrine, they were only in force for less than ten months. In the motives of the bill, which had removed them from the Code, there was actually no justification for such actions of the legislator. Because they were in force for such a short duration, there is no possibility of assessing their functioning. Such actions of the legislator deserve the highest criticism, because there is an undeniable need to protect persons against whom coercive measures, including seizure of property, were unjustifiably applied.The author analyzes the amendment of art. 49 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and presents several aspects of rights granted by the Code of Criminal Procedure to the entrepreneur. The article contains a review of previous problematic provisions of the CCP and describes the new course of reform, which granted the status of aggrieved party to state institutions and local government institutions. The author also emphasizes the role of delivery documents to entrepreneurs as they participate in criminal procedures as an aggrieved party. According to the new art. 304b CCP, written notice of the offense determines not only the elements of the offense but also specifies the identity of the victim by entering the address for correspondence, which in the course of further proceedings allows the authorities to take further procedural steps.

More...

Download

Idea community policing jako źródło innowacyjnych metod współpracy społeczności lokalnych z policją w Polsce

Author(s): Martyna Ostrzycka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

One of the main tasks of the Police is to prevent the committing of criminal offences. Crime prevention is the part of the Police’s activity which aims to reduce the number of crimes and offences committed through preventive and educational programs, aimed particularly at younger people. In the context of crime prevention in the United States of the 1960's, the idea of community policing was born. It involves the close cooperation of the Police with members of the local community. Its development began in Poland in the early ‚90's, mainly due to the significant increase in crime, but was very slow. Therefore, compared to Western countries, the idea of community policing, in practical terms is still in the early stages of development in our country. However, it is already possible to specify numerous examples of its actual occurrence. Community policing requires wise, consistent and constant repetition of actions so that it will have positive effects in the future.

More...

Download

Die aktuellen Strafrechtsreformversuche in Polen. Eine Analyse

Author(s): Marcin Byczyk / Language(s): German Issue: 5/2015

The author discusses the main ideas behind the proposed reform of the criminal law in light of the project conveyed to the Polish Sejm on the 15th of May 2014. The proposed changes, being the most significant ones since the recodification of the criminal law in 1997, are based on the correct presumption that the deficiencies in current Polish criminal policy lead to overly repressive criminal law. A detailed analysis of the project, however, shows that it is not free from failures, in terms of both the formulation of legal norms as well as the reforms to institutions of the criminal law with respect to the application of penalties. It also does not take into account the arguments formulated in recent years regarding the reform of the criminal law. This leads to the conclusion that the proposed changes, though rightly focused on improving the most fundamental tools of criminal policy, nonetheless have the character of an ad hoc reform, which even had some elements of penal populism, influencing in such a negative way the shape of the criminal law in recent years. Yet most of those controversial changes have been abandoned during the parliamentary works on this since 1.07.2015 binding law.

More...

Download

Некоторые вопросы ограничения права собственности при расследовании преступлений

Author(s): Marina Mityukova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

The study aims at an analysis of the relationship between civil law and the criminal procedure law system. The author focus on the limitation of the property right in the selected aspects of the criminal proceedings.The study aims at an analysis of the relationship between civil law and the criminal procedure law system. The authors focus on the limitation of the property right in the selected aspects of the criminal proceedings.

More...

Download

Некоторые проблемы защиты права собственности при применении мер уголовно-процессуального принуждения

Author(s): Natalia Kirillova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

The aim of the study is to evaluate the relation between right to property and the criminal procedure compulsions. The author presents the selected issues of the property right protection law system in the context of the criminal proceeding.

More...

Download

Osobowościowe uwarunkowania skuteczności kadry penitencjarnej

Author(s): Beata Pastwa-Wojciechowska,Andrzej Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad związkiem osobowości z poczuciem własnej skuteczności przeprowadzonych wśród kadry penitencjarnej. Rezultaty uzyskano na podstawie badań 190 funkcjonariuszy Służby Więziennej z działów ochrony, penitencjarnego i terapeutycznego. Do analizy osobowości wykorzystany został Kwestionariusz osobowości (NEO-PI-R) Costy i McCrae. Poczucie własnej skuteczności mierzone było za pomocą Skali Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności (GSES) Schwarzera, Jerusalem i Juczyńskiego. Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują, że neurotyzm, ekstrawersja, otwartość i sumienność oraz ich podczynniki powiązane są i wpływają w istotny sposób na poczucie własnej skuteczności.

More...

Download

Personality Determinants of the Effectiveness of the Prison Service

Author(s): Beata Pastwa-Wojciechowska,Andrzej Piotrowski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This paper presents the results of research on the relationship of personality with a sense of self-efficacy of the Prison Service. The results obtained on the basis of 190 prison officers from the security department, penitentiary and therapeutic. For personality analysis was used Personality Questionnaire (NEO-PI-R) Costa and McCrae. Self-efficacy was measured using the Generalized Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) Schwarzer, Jerusalem and Juczyński. The results indicate that neuroticism, extroversion, openness and conscientiousness and their components are related and affect a significant effect on self-efficacy.

More...

Download

Koniec zjawiska „mass imprisonment” w USA? (Nie)opłacalność szerokiego stosowania kary więzienia

Author(s): Kamil Miszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Od lat 70. ubiegłego wieku liczba więźniów w USA wzrasta, ale nie jest to spowodowane wzrostem przestępczości, gdyż w tym samym czasie statystyki odnotowują jej spadek. Ameryka ulega złudzeniu, iż uwięzienie jest lekarstwem na przestępczość. Gros środków z budżetu zamiast na edukację, opiekę społeczną i służbę zdrowia skierowanych zostaje na gigantyczną rozbudowę więziennictwa. Zmienione zostaje ustawodawstwo, pod rządami którego coraz większa liczba przestępców odbywa coraz dłuższe kary pozbawienia wolności za coraz szerszy wachlarz popełnionych przestępstw. Obsługa takiej liczby nowych więźniów pochłania coraz większe koszta, zarówno finansowe, jak i społeczne. Otrzeźwienie przyszło dość późno, bo dopiero w 2011 roku, gdy system finansowy Kalifornii, stanu, który rozbudował swoje więziennictwo chyba najbardziej ze wszystkich stanów USA, uległ załamaniu. Od tego czasu populacja więzienna Stanów Zjednoczonych zaczyna nieznacznie spadać.

More...

Download

End of „Mass Imprisonmet” Policy in the USA? (Un)profitability Widespread Use of Inprisonment

Author(s): Kamil Miszewski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Since the 1970s, the number of prisoners in the US has been increasing., but this is not due to an increase in crime as statistics during this time actually indicate a decline. America is living with the illusion that imprisonment is the cure for crime. The majority of funds from the budget, rather than being spent on education, welfare and health, goes to gigantic expansions of prisons. Legislation under which an increasing number of criminals is sentenced to longer terms of imprisonment for an even broader range of offenses has changed. Support for such a number of new prisoners consumes more and more costs, both financial and social. This realization came quite late, because only in 2011, when the financial system of California, a state which expanded its prison system the most of all the US states, broke down. Since then, the prison population of the United States has begun to decrease slightly.

More...

Download

Demoralizacja i czyny karalne wśród nieletnich – dynamika i rozmiary

Author(s): Monika Noszczyk-Bernasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

W artykule zaprezentowano dane dotyczące rozmiarów, dynamiki oraz struktury demoralizacji i czynów karalnych popełnionych przez nieletnich w latach 2000–2014 w Polsce. Prezentowane wyniki analiz są opracowaniem własnym danych Departamentu Statystyki Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości w Warszawie. Prezentowane dane statystyczne pokazują spadek liczby nieletnich przestępców z 25 667 do 16 388 sprawców czynów karalnych (tj. o 36,1%) oraz wzrost w zakresie demoralizacji z 8 878 do 15 524, tj. o 74,9% w latach 2000–2014. Można stwierdzić, że liczba czynów karalnych popełnianych w społeczeństwie przez nieletnich ma tendencję spadkową, ale spadek ten jest nieadekwatny do obniżenia się populacji tej kategorii wiekowej. W okresie 2000–2014 ogólna liczba osób w wieku 13–17 lat spadła aż o 40%.

More...

Download

Demoralization and Juvenile Delinquency – the Dynamics and Dimensions

Author(s): Monika Noszczyk-Bernasiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This paper provides data concerning the dimensions, dynamics and structure of demoralization as well as criminal acts committed by minors over the period 2000–2014 in Poland. The presented results of analyses are the Author’s own elaboration of the data from the Statistics Department of the Ministry of Justice in Warsaw. The statistical data presented herein show the decreasing number of juvenile delinquents from 25,667 to 16,388 juveniles (i.e. by 36.1%) and an increase in demoralization issues from 8,878 to 15,524, i.e. by 74.9% in the years 2000–2014. It can be said that the number of offenses committed in society by juveniles tends to be going down, but this decrease is inadequately low when compared to the reducing number of individuals in this age group. Over the period 2000–2014 the total number of 13–17-year old teenagers decreased by as much as 40%.

More...

Download

Ekonomiczne problemy prania brudnych pieniędzy

Author(s): Karol Schneider / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

All activities designed to conceal the true source of illegal income obtained from criminal activities and give them the legal origin of birthmarks is called money laundering. Money laundering is the legalization of profits gained from criminal activity. The aim of this article is an attempt to indicate that the funds derived from money laundering are a threat to the economic system of the country. The funds derived from the committed economic crimes, give rise to huge capital, which serves, among others, to acquire part of the legal economy for the funds obtained from the suspicious transactions.

More...

Download

Individual Time Perspective of Convicts on Imprisonment Sentences: Implications for Social Rehabilitation Interactions

Author(s): Bożena Gulla,Kinga Tucholska,Małgorzata Wysocka-Pleczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The authors of the paper present a new look at the temporal perspective, which might supplement social rehabilitation of people serving sentences of imprisonment in prison conditions. The neglect of personal temporal preferences of convicts in hitherto social rehabilitation concepts may be the cause of failures in undertaken interactions. The individualization of social rehabilitation proposals in reference to the dominant temporal orientation of a prisoner makes them more suitable to the personal mechanisms of psychological functioning, more cognitively available for the convict, motivates to greater involvement in social rehabilitation planned in such a way, and also promotes balancing temporal perspective in the future. A balanced time perspective is a resource, which may increase the likelihood that individuals will avoid engaging in criminal behavior after being released from prison.

More...

Download

Stress in Probation Officers Enforcing Judgments in Criminal and Juvenile Cases

Author(s): Bartłomiej Skowroński / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Men and women practicing the profession of probation officer do not differ in the evaluation of the majority of stressors. Differences between sexes occurred only in the case of factors impeding the development and course of professional career and factors related to the lack of safety and substantive support. In both cases, the level of experienced stress observed in women employed as probation officers was significantly higher compared to men. The type of profession practiced differentiates the group of respondents only in evaluating stressors related to inconsistencies and ambiguity connected with the performance of professional duties, as well as stressors connected to supervision activities and inadequate physical working conditions. In both cases, probation officers enforcing judgments in criminal cases displayed a significantly higher level of experienced stress.

More...

Download

The Electronic Supervision System in the Opinion of Convicts in Prisons

Author(s): Zbigniew Nowacki / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The subject of the study is prisoners’ evaluation of the Electronic Supervision System (ESS). The author’s Questionnaire for Evaluating the Electronic Supervision System was used as a tool, which also contained a lie scale. The respondents’ mood was also controlled. To verify the formulated hypotheses, the method of diagnostic survey was adopted and methods of statistical and comparative analysis. Factor analysis demonstrated that the perception of the Electronic Supervision System does not come down to a unitary opinion – opinions about ESS are an incoherent construct, in which we can single out three factors: Negative Evaluations, Positive Evaluations and Stigmatization. It turned out that “non-elite” prisoners have a much higher intensity of Negative Evaluations of ESS than “elite” prisoners. In terms of Positive Evaluations and sensed Stigmatization, there were no significant differences found between non-elite and elite groups.

More...

Download

Indywidualna perspektywa czasowa osób skazanych na kary izolacyjne – implikacje dla oddziaływań resocjalizacyjnych

Author(s): Bożena Gulla,Kinga Tucholska,Małgorzata Wysocka-Pleczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Autorzy prezentują nowe spojrzenie na perspektywę temporalną, mogącą pełnić rolę uzupełniającą w resocjalizacji osób odbywających kary izolacyjne w warunkach zakładu karnego. Nieuwzględnianie w dotychczasowych koncepcjach resocjalizacji osobistych preferencji temporalnych skazanych może być przyczyną niepowodzeń podejmowanych oddziaływań.Indywidualizacja propozycji resocjalizacyjnych w odniesieniu do dominującej orientacji czasowej osoby osadzonej czyni je bardziej adekwatnymi wobec osobistych mechanizmów psychologicznego funkcjonowania, bardziej dostępnymi poznawczo dla skazanego, motywuje do większego zaangażowania w tak zaplanowaną resocjalizację i równocześnie sprzyja zrównoważeniu perspektywy temporalnej w przyszłości. Zbalansowana orientacja czasowa jest zasobem,który po opuszczeniu zakładu karnego przez skazanego będzie sprzyjał jego odejściu od przestępczości.

More...

Download

Stres sądowych kuratorów zawodowych wykonujących orzeczenia w sprawach karnych i nieletnich

Author(s): Bartłomiej Skowroński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Kobiety i mężczyźni wykonujący zawód kuratora nie różnią się między sobą w ocenie większości stresorów. Różnice między płciowe wystąpiły jedynie w przypadku czynników utrudniających rozwój i przebieg kariery zawodowej oraz czynników związanych z brakiem bezpieczeństwa i wsparcia merytorycznego. W obu przypadkach istotnie wyższy poziom doznawanego stresu zaobserwowano u kobiet, które wykonują zawód kuratora, aniżeli u mężczyzn.Rodzaj wykonywanej profesji różnicuje grupę badanych jedynie w ocenie stresorów związanych z: rozbieżnością i niejasnością, z wykonywaniem obowiązków służbowych, z czynnościami kontrolnymi i niedostatecznymi warunkami fizycznymi pracy. W obu przypadkach istotnie wyższy poziom doznawanego stresu wykazali kuratorzy wykonujący orzeczenia w sprawach karnych.

More...

Download

System dozoru elektronicznego w ocenie osadzonych w zakładach karnych

Author(s): Zbigniew Nowacki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Przedmiotem badań są formułowane przez skazanych oceny systemu dozoru elektronicznego (SDE). Za narzędzie posłużył autorski Kwestionariusz Ankiety do Badania Oceny Systemu Dozoru Elektronicznego, który zawierał także skalę kłamstwa. Kontrolowano również nastrój badanych. Aby zweryfikować sformułowane hipotezy przyjęto metodę sondażu diagnostycznego oraz metody analizy statystyczno-porównawczej. Analiza czynnikowa wykazała,że postrzeganie systemu dozoru elektronicznego nie sprowadza się do jednolitego stanowiska– przekonania o SDE to niespójny konstrukt, w którym dają się wyróżnić trzy czynniki,tj.: Oceny Negatywne, Oceny Pozytywne oraz Stygmatyzacja. Okazało się, że niegrypsujący więźniowie mają istotnie wyższe natężenie Ocen Negatywnych SDE niż skazani grypsujący.W zakresie Ocen Pozytywnych oraz odczuwanej Stygmatyzacji nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic między niegrypsującymi a grypsującymi.

More...

Download

Physical Activity in Prisons and the Basic Dimensions of Personality of Men Serving Prison Sentences

Author(s): Anetta Jaworska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This article concerns physical activity (PA) in penitentiary institutions, understood as non-rest energetic effort performed by prisoners in their free time. The aim of this study was to determine the personality correlates of PA men serving prison sentences. Questionnaire methods were applied in the studies. One group consisted of men incarcerated in penitentiary institutions (N = 121), who were physically active, and the comparison group were physically inactive prisoners (N = 128) aged from 22 to 55 years old. The study results showed that prisoners regularly participating in programs in the field of physical culture and sports are characterized by higher emotional stability (p < 0.05) and a higher level of extraversion (p < 0.05). However, they do not differ in the level of psychoticism (p = 0.80). This paper is a fragment of larger studies on the psychological correlates of physical activity in penitentiary institutions.

More...