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The Ukrainian Crisis – A New Start of Self-Aware Nationhood or Gradual Decline of the State?

Author(s): Lukáš Žalek / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Besides the Islamic State in the Middle East and the immigration crisis, the Ukrainian crisis still deepens internal cleavage between Russophone and Ukrainophone regions. At the same time, it continues to affect negatively international relations and security situation in Europe. Moreover, 20 February 2015 marked Ukraine's first anniversary of Euromaidan protests. What are the actual results of the Revolution of Dignity? Has Kiev really started a process of closer political and economic cooperation with the European Union; or, on the contrary, are we witnessing of potential long-term instability in Ukraine? Due to many tumultuous events is certainly worth analysing the one-year-period after Euromaidan. The article discusses some problems related to fundamental changes in Ukraine that have implications for further political development and its economic recovery. Based on the Fragile States Index and general indicators of „fragile“ or „unstable“ state, the author came surprisingly to the conclusion that Ukraine has fullfiled many of them. The aim of this study is particularly to demonstrate the ambivalent development of Ukraine in the respective period.

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The National Ideology, a Constant Philosophical Poetry in the Creativity of Giuseppe Schirò Di Maggio

Author(s): Manjola Sulaj,Polo Olieta / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The poetry of Giuseppe Schirò Di Maggio, one of the most important nowadays personalities in the field of Albanian literature, is a “window” that provides the Arbëresh world recognition from different perspectives, focusing especially on highlighting the existence and the Arbëresh identity preservation but also the risks that threaten it. In this article we aim to show that the national ideology in the poetry of Giuseppe Schirò Di Maggio is a constant philosophical poetry which becomes an Albanian conscience reviving the hope to strengthen the part of the Albanian ethnic identity to the Arbëresh people, previously isolated and now opened to the Albanian world, and emotionally part of it. In the context of the Arbëresh community to which he himself belongs, Giuseppe Schirò Di Maggio is a poet with clear targets and a leader of today’s Arbëresh world with his ideals.

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Evropská identita v postojích gruzínské společnosti a zahraničně politické orientaci země

Author(s): Jakub Kašpar,Tomáš Hoch / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

This paper analyses Georgian national identity from the position of liberal and constructivistapproaches to international relations theory. Based on this theoretical framework, the aim ofthis text is to contribute to our understanding of how the European vector of Georgian national identity is constructed and how it impacts upon the pro-Western discourse of Georgian foreign policy. The research was conducted through an analysis of the academic literature supplemented by public opinion surveys in Georgia and the interviews with a Georgian academics and members of civil society, carried out in June and July 2015.

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Editorial: Special issue on protecting and including ‘new’ and ‘old’ minorities

Author(s): Roberta Ricucci,Roberta Medda-Windischer,William Cisilino / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Questions concerning the rights of minorities and the preservation of social cohesion in ethnically diverse societies are among the most salient on the political agenda of many States. The growing diversity of national communities has generated pressures for States to create and adopt new models to accommodate diversity. Migration is becoming an increasingly important reality for many sub-national autonomous territories where traditional-historical groups (the so-called ‘old minorities’) live, such as Catalonia, South Tyrol, Scotland, Flanders, the Basque Country, and Quebec. Some of these territories have attracted migrants for decades, while others have only recently experienced significant migration inflows. The presence of old minorities makes the management of migration issues more complex.

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‘Roma’ migration in the EU: the case of Spain between ‘new’ and ‘old’ minorities

Author(s): Tina Magazzini,Stefano Piemontese / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The 2004 and 2007 EU Eastern enlargements facilitated the mobility of citizens from CEE countries, including European citizens of Roma ethnicity, which in turn contributed to the Europeanization of the ‘Roma issue’. This article examines the politics of Roma ethnicity by giving a concise, yet we hope comprehensive, overview of how recent Roma migrations from EU Member States (particularly from Romania) to Spain can be understood and analysed in relation to both pre-existing policies for the Spanish Gitano communities and to wider European dynamics and structures.

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The imaginary Kurdish museum: Ordinary Kurds, narrative nationalisms and collective memory

Author(s): Vera Eccarius-Kelly / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The aim of this article is to reflect on the role of Kurdish collective memory in the diaspora as it affirms Kurdishness and rejects the Turkish state’s hegemonic histories. Where can Kurdish families go to recognise their own heritage, reflect on their socio-cultural journeys, share experiences, or validate familial memories? Non-elite diaspora Kurds are asked to curate exhibits for an imagined Kurdish museum. The exhibit proposals explore how ideas and beliefs shape diasporic representations of Kurdishness and why the (in)visibility of Kurdish diaspora communities remains a pressing concern.

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Achieving Collaborative Aims through Multiple Identity Construction: Managing a public inter-organizational collaboration

Author(s): Isidora Kourti / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2015

Although public inter-organizational collaborations can offer better public services, their management is a complex endeavour and they often fail. This paper explores identity construction as a key aspect that assists in managing successfully these collaborations. The study draws upon a longitudinal ethnographic study with a Greek public inter-organizational collaboration. The re-search illustrates that managers should encourage partners to construct collaborative and non-collaborative identities in order to achieve the collaboration aims. It also suggests that managers should seek both stability and change in the collaborative process and offers four collaborative patterns for the effective management of public inter-organizational collaborations.

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"Kretanje" nepokretne imovine beogradskih Jevreja kao posledica Holokausta

Author(s): Haris Dajč,Maja Vasiljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2014

The focus of this research is the process of arianization of the immovable Jewish property in Belgrade and its fate in the post war years. The introduction is focused on the life of Belgrade Jews in the prewar years, first Antisemitic laws and discrimination of Belgrade Jews. In a course of the few months and years once equal citizens lost their jobs and positions. The worst happened after the German occupation in April 1941. the new authorities made lists of all Belgrade Jews and all of their property. After the Holocaust there were less than 15% of Belgrade Jews left with just scratches of their prewar ossessions. The new Yugoslavia did not help much economical situation of its Jewish citizens, the mechanics of keeping as state property the immovable property that was taken as the result of the Holocaust, remained strong and constant in the decades following 1945. The 4 different case studies describe different cases of nationalization of the Jewish property by the Yugoslav state. Outcome in all of the 4 cases was the same and although the old owners were accepted as the Nazi victims their property was still the property of the old Belgrade bourgeoisie. That is the reason why the Holocaust in Belgrade and its consequences were so devastating and one of the answers why once big and prosperous Jewish community of Belgrade could not escape hard post war years.

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"Živanine cipele": patrijarhat, mizoginija, i nacionalizam u romanu Knjiga o Milutinu Danka Popovića

Author(s): Jasmina Radojičić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19/2015

Through the lens of feminist critique and theory of literature, this paper will attempt to critically analyze the narrative strategies in the novel The Book about Milutin by Danko Popović which are directly related to the valorization of patriarchal values. By analyzing the way in which gender is presented from the perspective of the book’s two narrators, Milutin Ostojić and his wife Živana, this paper will try to show the relationship between the stereotypical depiction of the female identity in the novel and its importance in creating the desirable type of society. This analysis will then be linked with the remarkable success that the novel received after its publication and the fact that it is still perceived as one of the most important Serbian anti-war novels of the late 20th century. This work will have as its aim to highlight the importance of the revival and new examination of those strands in Serbian literary tradition that in practice actively and openly promoted the ideals of patriarchal society.

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Tożsamość narodowa w procesie globalizacji

Author(s): Roman Kisiel,Marcin Kamiński,Katarzyna Idźkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 43/2016

Globalisation is the notion that has no single, universal definition. Although every theoretician has a different perception and definition of it, there is no doubt concerning the fact that the process of the global economy internationalisation initiated already during the times of great geographic discoveries leads to deepening the relations across the national borders all over the world as concerns economic, social and technological relations. The integration understood in that way, as well as the ease of crossing the borders involved in it, leads to the questions concerning the national identity, sovereignty and feeling of belonging. In extreme cases, it may be the reason for aversion to citizens of other countries. The assume objective of the paper is to highlight the issue of national identity in the process of progressing globalisation and integration of countries and societies in the global scale as well as the analysis of contemporary values and customs at the background of progressing integration and melting of nationalities. For that purpose, questionnaire based survey covering 210 respondents (divided into three groups – high school students, students of tertiary schools and people over 50 years of age) living in Warmińsko‑Mazurskie voivodship was conducted. The studies on the attitude of the Poles to other nationalities were complemented by the results of the survey by the Public Opinion Research Centre presented in the work “Attitudes of the Poles towards other nations”.

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Ethnic Relations in Mixed Communities in Romania after 1989

Author(s): Dragoş Dragoman / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2015

Ethnic conditionality, along with democratisation and marketisation, has been a salient factor of the post-communist transition in Romania. It has concerned ethnically mixed communities as well as inter-state relations, and covers the whole period since 1989. Actors, strategies and outcomes are to be differentiated, because ethnic matters are greatly dependent on internal and external contexts. The changing contexts in Romania turned it from a place of bloody ethnic conflict in March 1990, even before such conflict turned violent in Yugoslavia, to a level of “banal” everyday nationalism, with the overall characteristic of peaceful coexistence between ethnicities.

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National identity and otherness in Greek speakers’ talk about immigration: Methodological and transdisciplinary reflections

Author(s): Maria Xenitidou / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

The aim of the paper is to present the potential contribution of using Critical Discursive Psychology to study national identity and immigration. It draws upon a study on Greek national identity negotiations in relation to immigration. The study was guided by the perspective of banal nationalism which treats national identity as a form of life in a world divided into nation-states (Billig, 1995). In terms of Greek national identity and immigration, the study drew similarities between the perspective of banal nationalism and the critique of methodological nationalism (Wimmer and Schiller, 2002).

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Recepcja twórczości Edwarda Bellamy’ego w Polsce

Author(s): Anna Rojkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2014

The following article is an attempt at presenting reception of Edward Bellamy, one of the most popular nineteenth-century American authors. Special attention was paid to his bestseller Looking Backward 2000–1887, which achieved, in a very short period of time, sales level over one million copies (only in the U.S.). It was the third-largest bestseller of its time, after Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. This utopian science-fiction novel influenced a large number of Americans and was one of the few books ever published that created almost immediately on its appearance a political mass movement known as “Nationalist Clubs”. These Clubs were an organized network of socialist political groups which emerged in an effort to make real the socialist and nationalist ideas. Bellamy’s novel was also extraordinary popular outside the U.S. including in Poland. It has been translated into about 30 languages and published in more than 40 countries.

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On transnational migration, deepening vulnerabilities, and the challenge of membership

Author(s): Adrian J. Bailey / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

This letter concerns itself with how transnational scholarship might orient itself to unfinished business: specifically, the theorisation of deepening vulnerabilities and persisting inequalities faced by con-temporary transnational migrants. I begin by identifying five inter-locking dimensions of vulnerability: norms about remitting and re-turning; cumulative causation and context of arrival; social relations; civic participation; new racialisations. The paper argues that these vulnerabilities signal a crisis of membership, and goes on to identify how hybridity and what we understand by national community must remain central to strategies that ameliorate vulnerability.

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The impetus of conflict on the reproduction of national identity among exiled Palestinians Evidence from a fieldwork in Syria

Author(s): Rikke Sand Andersen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2005

This paper discusses the reproduction of Palestinian nationalism among exiled Palestinians in Syria. Through a description of micro-level processes by which nationalism is reproduced, it is shown how important conflict and political struggles are in the formation of national identity and the directions it takes; also among immigrants who do not themselves live in the midst of the conflict. The paper argues that children should not be neglected in studies of nationalism. Memories of conflict and forced migration are found important in socialising the children, who are considered important co-actors in the process of preserving Palestinian nationalism in exile.

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Nationalism, cosmopolitanism and statelessness: An interview with Craig Calhoun

Author(s): Barzoo Eliassi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

This interview with Professor Craig Calhoun expands on issues of nationalism and cosmopolitanism in relation to the question of statelessness. Since the 1990s, Calhoun has worked on nationalism, ethnicity and cosmopolitanism. For Calhoun, nations still matter despite post-national and cosmopolitan elaboration and repudiation of so-called parochial and provincialised identities like nation or national identity and citizenship. In this interview, Calhoun dis-cusses the material, political and cultural situations of the Kurds in the Middle East and the role of Kurdish nationalism in the context of statelessness. Calhoun finds class-based understanding of inequalities between the Kurds and their dominant others in the Middle East as problematic and incomplete since the cultural, political and material inequalities are intimately interlinked in rendering the Kurds to a subordinated position in the states they inhabit. The interview also engages with diasporic identities and examines how countries of residence can impinge on the identity formation of diasporas and how they obstruct or facilitate migrants translating their citizenship status into the right to have rights (Arendt). An important issue that Calhoun discusses is that there are both asymmetrical power relations between dominated (Kurdish) and dominating nationalisms (Turkish, Iraqi, Iranian and Syrian) and within the same nationalisms.

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Turkey, the Kurds, and the legal contours of the right to self-determination

Author(s): Derya Bayir / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Within international law, the concept of self-determination has evolved over the years so as toreveal an external dimension, often associated with secession, and an internal dimension, entailingparticipatory democracy, minority protection in the context of pluralist co-existence withinthe territories of a state. An examination of the interpretation of self-determination by the ConstitutionalCourt in Turkey shows, however, that the Court has statically endorsed the former,conservative viewpoint, which reinforces Turkey’s militantly nationalist, democracy. This articleexplains the development of the right of self-determination in international law and examinesthe Turkish Constitutional Court’s case law in that light. In a study of the case law on partyclosures in Turkey, it evaluates the extent to which the Constitutional Court’s archaic and antidemocraticinterpretation has created a legality undermining the ethno-cultural and politicaldemands for the rights of Kurds in Turkey

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Women’s activism in Iraqi Kurdistan: Achievements, shortcomings and obstacles

Author(s): Choman Hardi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

This paper discusses women’s activism in Kurdistan- Iraq since 1992. It aims to find out whether 21 years of struggle against gender discrimination has led to notable changes in the status quo. It concludes by arguing that as a result of the patriarchal system’s resilience and the women’s movement’s internal shortcomings, achievements have been limited. The paper draws on 7 in-depth interviews with women activists, written sources, personal communications and my observations while participating in activities organised by women’s groups.

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Mobilised diasporas: Kurdish and Berber movements in comparative perspective

Author(s): Ofra Bengio,Bruce Maddy-Weitzman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

This study is a comparative analysis of the role of diaspora communities in the political and cultural activities of the Kurds and the Berbers (Amazigh) - the two most prominent cases of ethno-national “imagining” among the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region’s two main “non-dominant” ethnic groups. Berbers and Kurds, however heterogeneous and varied their multiple historical experiences, all operate within the realm of territorial nation-states dominated by different ethnic groups which have been historically hostile towards alternative conceptions of the political and social order. Kurdish and Berber diaspora communities have engaged in important intellectual, cultural and political activities on behalf of their respective causes. Inevitably, this has also sharpened the hybrid nature of their identities, in ways which distinguish them from those still residing in the “homeland.” Overall, the Kurdish diaspora is far more mobilised on behalf of the homeland, politically and ethnically, than the Amazigh, a reflection of the advanced state of the Kurdish ethno-national cause.

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НАЦІОНАЛЬНА НЕВЕРБАЛІКА В ПОЕТИЧНОМУ МОВЛЕННІ СТЕПАНА РУДАНСЬКОГО

Author(s): Tetiana Osipova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2016

The article deals with Stepan Rudanskiy’s mastery of modeling non-verbal means, which are widely spread in the poet’s songs. The means of verbalizing the non-verbal in the artistic discourse serve the realization of a set of pragmatic functions: the representation of the Ukrainians’ national character specificity, for example, cordocentricity, high emotivity and expressiveness, a desire to make the speech more dynamic and live, more intimate.

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