A MODEL OF PEACEFUL REINTEGRATION AND THE POSSIBILITY TO LIVE TOGETHER

Author(s): Antun Šundalić / Language(s): English / Issue: 28+29/1997

When differences in the language, religion, tradition and culture in general grow into an obstacle to the communication between nations, the possibility of living together becomes doubtful. The burden of historic heritage in the Croato-Serbian relationship has become intolerable due to Serbian rejection to recognise Croatian independence. Through violence, plunder, banishment and devastation of the Croatian villages and towns, the Serbs have declared against co-existence with the Croats. Can the Plan of Peaceful Reintegration convince the expelled Croats and other non-Serbs that living together is possible? The Plan offered administrative solutions that neglect essential characteristics of the area (historical prerogatives, migrations, wars, cultural differences). The displaced persons do not see the Plan as a humane, material and moral satisfaction, but rather as additional protection for the Serbs.

A Modern Interpretation of Marxist-Leninist National Policy (On the Example of the National Minorities Issue in Uzbekistan)

Author(s): Kamola Saipova,Usmonzhon Butaev / Language(s): English / Issue: Special 2/2019

The aim of the article is to present a modern interpretation of the national policy of the Soviet government on the example of the issue of national minorities in Turkestan in 1917. The authors analyze a large amount of scientific material, including the documentation of congresses and resolutions of the government of Turkestan. Based on the research results, the authors conclude that the policies on national minorities under the administrative command system was contradictory and inconsistent. In general, the dynamics of the impact of the system on the sphere of national life turned out to be negative. Due to false ideological attitudes, the domination of administration, the poor scientific basis of policy, the national policy of the administrative-command system was, essentially and objectively, a denationalizing policy. The authors present a modern interpretation of this issue.

A National “Struggle for Survival”? – The Badeni Crisis of 1897 in Cisleithania’s German-language Press

Author(s): Victor Jaeschke / Language(s): English / Issue: 49/2017

This article observes the role of Cisleithania’s (i.e. the Austrian “half” of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy) German language press in the so-called Badeni Crisis of 1897 which was triggered by the issuance of two language ordinances designed to make Czech, together with German, an equally valid language in the inner administration of the Crownlands of Bohemia and Moravia. By comparing the reporting style of two newspapers from different regions – the Viennese newspaper Neue Freie Presse and the Bohemian newspaper Prager Tagblatt–this essay explores how interpretations of this serious political crisis differed in the periphery and the centre of the Habsburg empire. The author shows that, even though the Badeni Crisis directly affected mainly German-speaking Bohemians, the reporting style of the Prager Tagblatt was less sensationalist and its choice of words less nationalistic and militaristic than the coverage of the same events by its Viennese counterpart, the Neue Freie Press. In a second step, reasons for this surprising discrepancy are traced.

A nem-területi / nemzeti-kulturális autonómia

Author(s): David J. Smith / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2017

A nemzeti kisebbségek kollektív jogait megtestesítő autonómia és önkormányzatiság problematikája a neoliberális globalizáció és a tömeges migráció viszonyai között

Author(s): Tamás Prugberger / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2019

The study approaches Autonomy and Local Governments a concept of similar content, starting from the general notions and types of the concept of autonomy of national minorities. By examining its content, it points out how in some countries recognition and tolerance has been achieved and how national minority rights are not recognized in other countries, especially in Central Europe, or areas limited as possible. In the following, the study deals with migration from the Central and Pre-Asia, as well as from North Africa threatening the European Union and the United Nations, as well as Europe supported by Soros György. In this context, it points out that, if it managed to create an European mixed society, organized as a presidential republic, such as the United States, it would result in the end of European national states, that is to say, European languages, nations and nations and would affect minority nations. The final conclusion of the study is that, if European states unanimously grant autonomy to national minorities and thus collective minority rights, this would strengthen states in the fight against migration and would complicate the integration processes involved. By granting the autonomy and collective rights of national minorities, it could better close its European and national states against this current destructive process. The last part of the study attempts to outline a proposal for solving autonomy.

A nemzeti kulturális autonómia egy többnemzetiségű államszövetségben: Oroszország helyzete

Author(s): Federica Prina / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2017

A népszámlálásokban megjelenő nyelvi kategóriák: vissza- vagy előretekintés?

Author(s): Dominique Arel / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2015

A struggle in the peripheries: a few remarks on devolution in the UK

Author(s): Łukasz Sorokowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2014

The paper looks at the major issues underlying devolution in the United Kingdom, i.e. a process whereby the historically diverse areas and regions constituting the seemingly uniform state have been slowly striving for independence, along with the formation of local, regional and even national identities. Hinging on the idea of ‘multicultural citizenship’, the paper seeks to analyse the ongoing public discourse centered on the gradual transfer of centralized London-based power to local and regional bodies across the UK. This discourse forms the pivotal background of devolution, overtly pointing to the idea of the so-called ‘new opening’ of the entire British political scene, clearly promoting the notion of strengthening the position of Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and English regions as increasingly autonomous geographical and cultural areas as part of a weakening monolith by the name of the United Kingdom. Resting almost entirely on historic tensions between British identity and Scottish identity, it is made clear that the Scottish public debate has basically neglected the issues of the assimilation of its cultural minori¬ties with the ‘post-devolution’ reality. The devolution discourse stems from the rancorous debates and polemics which have taken place throughout the three hundred years of the Scottish and English Union, covering several social and political contexts, including the growing demands voiced by the SNP. Indeed, it has a major impact on the formation of Scots’ national distinctiveness alongside Scotland’s gradual emergence as a separate part of the British Isles.

A Tale of Two Revolutions: Hungary’s 1956 and the Un-doing of 1989

Author(s): Victoria Harms / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2017

This article investigates the evolution of Hungary’s memory of 1956, from the counterrevolution to the dissident struggle for rehabilitation in the eighties, its relation to the change of regimes in 1989, and its subsequent appropriation for nationalist purposes in defiance of a European memory regime. Mnemonic warriors like Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and historian Mária Schmidt have championed 1956 as a struggle for freedom and independence and symbols of Hungarian martyrdom and bravery. Only recently a new-found Central European unity in adversity has been observed: the “counterrevolution” against the European Union. Perusing interviews, samizdat articles, public appeals and speeches, and other documentary evidence, including historical analyses, this article identifies mnemonic actors and strategies to assess the intricate relationship between 1956 and 1989. The analysis of museum exhibitions, statues, monuments, and national symbols helps reveal the varying significance ascribed to 1956 before and after 1989. The study relies on the conceptual groundwork of Michael Bernhard and Jan Kubik. It contributes to arguments put forth by historians James Mark, Anna Seleny, Nora Borodziej, and Árpád von Klimó.

A választási rendszerek hatásai a közép- és délkelet-európai személyi elvű kisebbségi autonómiákban

Author(s): Balázs Dobos / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2-3/2018

The paper was designed to address and highlight the question of whether and how some of the main functions of elections can be conceptualized and understood in special minority contexts. Concerning the five selected non-territorial autonomy regimes of Central and Southeast Europe (Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Serbia, and Slovenia), very little research has been carried out to explore the key and closely intertwined features and effects of minority elections on intra-community dynamics and voters’ behaviour such as special voter registration, electoral formula (proportionality/disproportionality), ballot structure, voter turnout, competitiveness, and electoral volatility – research that would take into account the sensitive nature of ethnic data and the relatively highlevel cultural-linguistic assimilation, too. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to fill this gap at least in part by identifying and examining their operation in practice, while a more in-depth analysis of the important elements of such processes needs further research. Taken together, these factors have a crucial influence not only on the public participation of the minority groups concerned, but on their future prospects as well.

A. D. Smith, (2008) Kombet dhe nacionalizmi në erën globale.

Author(s): Enis Sulstarova / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 8/2009

Review of: A. D. Smith, (2008) "Kombet dhe nacionalizmi në erën globale"; Tiranë: Instituti për Studime Publike dhe Ligjore & Dudaj by: Enis Sulstarova

AB Sürecinde Türkiye’nin İnsan Hakları ve Milli Kimlik İkilemi

Author(s): Sertan Akbaba / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 20/2017

Fervent debates on human rights policies around the world have occupied the public opinion in Turkey especially in the post-Helsinki period. In the center of the debate lies the efforts to develop and expand human rights. However, Turkey’s efforts to improve its human rights policies in line with its EU membership goal also means Turkey’s trial with Turkish identity and Turkish nationalism. For the dominant nationalist perception, which has encapsulated the Turkish Republic since its establishment, is clashing with the EU values and human rights. The aim of this study is to discuss why social peace has not been established despite the improvements made via human rights legislation. It is observed that Turkey’s transformation that started with its EU candidacy and continued with the reform packages, constitutional amendments and democratization process has now slowed down or even has come to a halt. One of the primary reasons of this final situation is the lack of ‘overlapping consensus’ introduced by Rawls in his theory of justice. As a result, initiatives with good intentions reach the level of awareness of differences but not cause realistic steps to be taken for ‘recognition’. This study argues that, unless a citizenship model embracing all members of society is established, the cited initiatives will not result in lasting solutions.

Achieving Collaborative Aims through Multiple Identity Construction: Managing a public inter-organizational collaboration

Author(s): Isidora Kourti / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Although public inter-organizational collaborations can offer better public services, their management is a complex endeavour and they often fail. This paper explores identity construction as a key aspect that assists in managing successfully these collaborations. The study draws upon a longitudinal ethnographic study with a Greek public inter-organizational collaboration. The re-search illustrates that managers should encourage partners to construct collaborative and non-collaborative identities in order to achieve the collaboration aims. It also suggests that managers should seek both stability and change in the collaborative process and offers four collaborative patterns for the effective management of public inter-organizational collaborations.

Adam Mickiewicz: A European from Nowogródek

Author(s): Irena Grudzińska Gross / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/1995

Today's Europe is suffering from the unexpected resurgence of nationalisms and is divided by rival ideologies, one arguing the essential separateness of each nation and the other, constitutional, negotiated citizenship. The choices nineteenth-century writers and ideologues made between the two options-at that time less exclusive-were mainly based in historical circumstances. The writer whose nation had a state was opting for the idea of national citizenship; the stateless one had to build his nation's identity in a different, "extra-legal" way. The comparison of "nation-building" efforts by Adam Mickiewicz and some of his French contemporaries may serve as an illustration of this point. While each of the writers analyzed here is unique, they shared interests, images, and vocabulary and, indeed, were part of the same cultural landscape. This common territory of politics and imagination is the subject of this inquiry. [...]

Adepti moci a úspechu. Etablovanie elít v moderných dejinách

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Slovak / Publication Year: 2016

There has been always been a great buzz around Valerián Bystrický. It is not different even today. His study is almost continuously occupied by his friends, colleagues and pupils. They work not only at his household institution – the Institute of History of the Slovak Academy of Sciences – but also at other scholarly institutions and universities. They come to him for a friendly chat and to discuss their professional issues expecting his opinion and advice. Authors who participated on this publication represent a small sample of them. The topics included in this book represent a very broad and colorful spectrum and the same can be said about the view and professional erudition of Dr. Bystrický. It would be not very useful to list all the topics he has dealt with. They can be found in the selected bibliography of his writings at the end of this book. It doesn’t matter if he is dealing with European or Slovak history; the 1st and 2nd Czechoslovak republic or the war Slovak republic; politics, personalities or society – all his works are characterized by comprehension, detachment and great knowledge of sources. He doesn’t belong to theoreticians or speculative methodologists of various systems and –isms. He goes to the problem always in medias res. His method is the accurate documentation of historical processes and consistent knowledge about the searched topic and sources. That is how his pertinent works based on arguments had been created. Many of them belong to fundamental and pioneering works of our historiography. We must admire the curiousness and interest of Dr. Bystrický for new problems. We can say that a man with such an erudition and detachment can’t be surprised easily. It is a gift or a privilege that there is always something which he is interested in – he is still able to contemplate and to think intensely about historical and social problems. He is a proponent of the necessity to always take a clear and resolute stand to key questions. He is not shy to let his positive or negative attitude be known. The latter possibility brought numerous stories, occasional good-hearted acrimonies and anecdotes that are still very popular. They originated from the fact that he is a well-known enemy of smallmindedness and petty wars. As he often says: „Something is always going to happen.” For a scholar of his caliber, one must admire the graciousness of Dr. Bystrický which has an extra significance in the scholarly circles. In connection with his natural authority, it has a special value mainly for the middle generation of today’s historians. He has always treated them with human understanding and they have had the opportunity to cooperate with a wise and helpful man.

ADO GRENZSTEIN PÄEVALEHTE PÜÜDMAS

Author(s): Anu Pallas / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 05/2018

In 1881 Ado Grenzstein started the weekly paper Olevik, which complemented Estonian press with various innovative features concerning language, contents and form. The article provides a survey of Grenzstein’s journalistic innovations, including one of the earliest Estonian evidences documenting an attempt to regulate the relations between a newspaper and its correspondents. Since the end of 1885 Grenzstein began to sense the need for a daily paper, which was expressed in his discussion over the possibilities of creating an integrated Estonian press. Karl August Hermann’s Postimees was released, since the end of 1887, three times a week, turning into a daily in August 1891. Press rivalry was gradually increasing in the context of internal reforms and strengthening censorship. Grenzstein’s need for a daily of his own grew ever more pressing. Although Olevik, as a paper opposing Baltic German privileges, enjoyed a wide readership and had an extensive web of correspondents all over Estonia, at the turn of the century both Grenzstein and his paper had to surrender to the conservative circle close to Jaan Tõnisson and his Postimees, which was supported by censor Jaan Jõgever. As Grenzstein made a point of playing by the rules and abiding the law he also lost the support of the radicals. An attempt is made to gauge the possible background of Grenzstein’s voluntary exile by examining his unpublished essay Uus hommik, where Grenzstein called on his sympathisers to unite. This text testifies to Grenzstein having developed a quite clear understanding of the changed power relations.

Afekt, koloniaalsus, rahvuslus ja Kultuuriuuringud

Author(s): Epp Annus / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 01+02/2018

Eesti kirjanduse ja laiemalt kultuuriuuringute valdkonda on raske, kui mitte võimatu, lahutada rahvusluse teemast. Suhted rahvuslusega on sealjuures mitmetahulised: kultuuriuuringud seavad endale ülesandeks kultuuri kriitilise analüüsimise, ent nad moodustavad paratamatult osa rahvuslikust kultuurisfäärist. Sestap võib kriitiline analüüs küll esitada oma tulemusi objektiivsena, ent siiski edasi kanda ajastu domineerivaid väärtushinnanguid. Järgmise põlvkonna kultuurianalüüs võib vaatlusobjektiks võtta needsamad „objektiivsed” analüüsid ning tuua esile nende analüüside „objektiivsuse” taga peituva hinnangulisuse ja ajastuomased moraalikategooriad.

Affective Censorship

Author(s): Grzegorz Niziolek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

This article outlines the notion of censorship in affect as a principle structuring the realm of visibility of homosexuals in Polish theatre. Niziołek explores the relationship between society’s homophobia and ways of establishing the national community. This project attempts to deconstruct Poland’s dominant paradigm of national theatre by tracing counter-public queer performance in public theatre shows.

After Nationalism? Urban History and East European History

Author(s): Chad Bryant / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2011

Urban history in our field has taken many different forms in the past few decades. Many such works, no doubt, have drawn great inspiration from scholars outside our area specialization. Many, however, have looked within our area specialization for inspiration, thus giving urban histories of our region several peculiar characteristics. The first part of this article discusses how urban historians have provided new perspectives on a topic long dear to Eastern Europeanist hearts—nationalism. Here the article looks at the ways in which Gary Cohen’s Politics of Ethnic Survival has influenced how historians have studied nationalism and the city. The second part will briefly survey other forms of urban history that have predominated within the field, many of which recall the questions and approaches first found in Carl Schorske’s Fin-de-siècle Vienna. The final part concludes with some thoughts about what the rise of urban history among Eastern Europeanists might mean for the future our field.

AGAINST THE EMPEROR. ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENT PROTESTS EVOLUTION DURING THE REIGN OF HAILE SELASSIE I (1960-1974)

Author(s): Pablo Arconada Ledesma / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Contrary to popular belief, African populations have been able to force, through social protest, numerous changes in their societies. One such example is Ethiopia, where its last emperor, Haile Selassie I (1930-1974), faced fierce opposition in the streets during his reign, specially the one boosted by students. This study focuses on how student protests in the country have evolved since 1960, what were the causes of their development and what impact they had on the government of the Ethiopian negus. Finally, it will be analysed whether the protests against the emperor were connected with the 1974 Revolution and the military coup that provoked the coming to power of the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia, popularly known as Derg. In order to carry out this research, a detailed review of the bibliography has been conducted as well as an analysis of the period's newspaper and graphic material related to student protests.