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Teleologija i evolucija – Aristotel i Hans Jonas u kontekstu ekološke etike

Teleologija i evolucija – Aristotel i Hans Jonas u kontekstu ekološke etike

Author(s): Saša Marinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/162/2021

Aristotle has interpreted research done by empirical methods using metaphysical concepts extensively. According to some authors, his metaphysically intoned philosophy of biology is compatible with the modern theory of evolution and with some of the essential topics of ecological ethics. We will try to show how the interpretation of the substantial whole, under the aspect of the notion of potentiality, is Aristotle’s contribution to the debates of eco-ethical holism. Furthermore, we will show how Hans Jonas also finds the possibility of valuing the individual organic substance in Aristotle’s works, which are not only representatives of the human species. Hans Jonas pleads for a revision of the modern theory of evolution, which, combined with some of Aristotle’s metaphysical elements, could avoid the reductionism to which it was exposed after Descartes.

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Emocijų vaidmuo mobilizuojant visuomenę kovai su klimato kaita: emocinės būsenos konstravimas įkvepiant masinį judėjimą

Emocijų vaidmuo mobilizuojant visuomenę kovai su klimato kaita: emocinės būsenos konstravimas įkvepiant masinį judėjimą

Author(s): Neringa Mataitytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1(101)/2021

How do emotions contribute to mobilizing the international community to join massive protests against climate change? Although it is common to superficially state that protests are full of various emotions, it remains unclear how emotions become collective on the international level and how they ensure the spread of mass mobilization. This research paper examines the process of collectivization of emotions and how it explains mass mobilization in the case of international climate change strikes. This paper raises the question of how the emotional environment was favourably constructed in Greta Thunberg’s case in order to mobilize international society to join climate change strikes, and it aims to reveal how group emotions play an important role in successful international mobilization. Based on Sarah Ahmed’s theory of cultural politics of emotions and James M. Jasper’s theory linking emotions and social movements, it is assumed that specific emotions were circulated to create a distinct emotional environment that inspired the international community to join Thunberg’s climate strike. An Emotional Discourse Analysis revealed that Thunberg’s speeches are full of emotional potential that provokes reactive emotions such as fear, anger and hope in the global society and establishes an injustice-based framing of the problem as well as the dichotomy between the political elite and the global society. This study contributes to the research field of emotions in international relations by exploring in more depth the collectivization of emotions and expands the theory of cultural politics of emotions to include explanations of international politics phenomena such as mass mobilization.

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Metodologija trasiranja cikloturističke rute u koridoru napuštene željezničke pruge

Metodologija trasiranja cikloturističke rute u koridoru napuštene željezničke pruge

Author(s): Goran Kos,Zoran Klarić,Predrag Brlek,Petar Feletar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 15/2021

Bicyclism has lately become increasingly popular as an activity in which bicycle is used not only as a means of transport, but also as a tourist activity, and a type of recreation useful for human health and considerably environment-friendlier than the use of motor vehicles. This has influenced the process of arranging an ever increasing number of marked and unmarked cyclotourist routes on the existing roads with less traffic in motor vehicles, as well as establishing special bicyclist tracks along the existing roads, and separate bicyclist paths and roads intended for bicyclists only. Particularly popular among them are abandoned railway tracks, which are converted into bicyclist roads, since due to the needs of railway transport, they have relatively gentle slopes. Thus, they are not too demanding for the majority of cyclotourists, whilst their attractiveness lies in the fact that they pass through beautiful landscape. The paper presents the methodology of planning the revitalisation of the abandoned railway track between Bjelovar and Garešnica with a branch line for Grubišno Polje for the needs of developing cyclotourism in the Bjelovar-Bilogora County.

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Explaining the Formation Rates of Post-Communist Interest Organizations: Density Dependence and Political Opportunity Structure
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Explaining the Formation Rates of Post-Communist Interest Organizations: Density Dependence and Political Opportunity Structure

Author(s): Rafael Pablo Labanino,Michael Dobbins,Szczepan Czarnecki,Ana Železnik / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2021

This article presents an analysis of the formation of organized interest groups in the post-communist context and organizational populations over time. We test two theories that shed doubt on whether vital rates of interest groups are explained by individual incentives, namely, the political opportunity structure and population ecology theory. Based on an analysis of the energy policy and higher education policy organizations active at the national level in Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia, we find that while the period of democratic and economic transition indeed opened up the opportunity structure for organizational formations, it by no means presented a clean slate. Communist era successor and splinter organizations survived the collapse of communism, and all three countries entered transition with relatively high density rates in both organizational populations. We also find partial support for the density dependence hypothesis. Surprisingly, the EU integration process, the intensity of legislative activity, and media attention do not seem to have meaningfully influenced founding rates in the two populations.

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УКРАЇНА ПЕРЕД ВИКЛИКАМИ ХХІ ст.

УКРАЇНА ПЕРЕД ВИКЛИКАМИ ХХІ ст.

Author(s): Mikhail Petrovich Trebin / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2017

The 21st century has given humanity, including Ukraine, a huge number of challenges that need to be answered. To understand the range of threats and trends in the development of the world community is the most important task for humanity. The modern world is usually characterized by epithets of «crisis», «turbulent», «unstable». These characteristics are undoubtedly true. But they are not exhaustive. Apparently, with even more reason, the world can be called dynamic, complicated and increasingly dangerous. In the struggle for the future that unfolds on the planet, risks are growing and threats are increasing. To the Davos Forum in 2017, a report was published on the global risks awaiting humanity in the near future. In total, experts identified 30 global risks, as well as 13 trends that can strengthen them or change the relationship between them. Risks are divided into five categories: economic, environmental, geopolitical, social and technological. In ten of the most probable risks in 2017 – three of the areas of ecology and three of the geopolitics, while the environmental is higher: two of them are among the top 3 global risks. These are extreme weather events and large-scale natural disasters. The top ten included also the risks of anthropogenic environmental disasters. The second most significant category of risks is geopolitics. Among them, the most dangerous are large-scale terrorist acts, followed by interstate conflicts and inefficient state administration. They include a one-way approach to solving international issues instead of the necessary collective efforts of the world community. In addition, countries are openly accusing each other of interfering in their internal affairs. It should be emphasized that global risks do not exist separately from each other, but tend to generate each other, overlay, turning into the most powerful destructive cascades of threats. Most experts believe that, for the first time since the late 1980’s, a trigger for such a “domino of risks”, capable of launching destructive processes of global destruction, may become one or another armed conflict, initially local, but those that are increasingly drawn into their funnel the number of states and non-state entities. It is noted that at present, in essence, there are no well-established procedures for preventing the escalation of such armed conflicts and their escalation into a global conflict. In the third place – the technological risks: fraud or personal data or theft, which have reached «unprecedented scale». Among the most likely technological risks of the next decade, experts called large-scale cyber attacks (sixth in the top ten). They also agree that in the coming years the destructive impact of technology on non-productive sectors of the economy will only intensify: the rapid development of robotics, sensors and machine learning will crowd out the human work of the service sector. Among the trends that can aggravate global risks or change the relationship between them, experts included: aging population, changes in the role of international structures (UN, IMF, NATO), climate change, environmental degradation, middle class growth in developing economies, strengthening of nationally oriented sentiments, deepening polarization of society, etc.

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Repere evolutive în raportarea de sustenabilitate. Incursiune de la Raportul Brundtland la Obiectivele de Dezvoltare Durabilă

Repere evolutive în raportarea de sustenabilitate. Incursiune de la Raportul Brundtland la Obiectivele de Dezvoltare Durabilă

Author(s): Tatiana Dănescu,Radu Bogdan Matei,Lavinia Constantinescu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2021

Sustainable development has become, at a rapid pace, outright desirable, an essential condition for all companies, and the business strategy must be based on transparency and accountability, and the information published must be the architecture of sustainable reporting. This is because the public reports of the companies generate the essential platform that reflects the performance, the social and environmental impact, as well as a subsidiary marketing function through which new customers and investors are attracted, as well as talented employees. The main objective of this research is to identify the main landmarks of the evolution of sustainability reporting in the dimension of non-financial reporting standards applied by Romanian companies. The migration trend from conventional to sustainable accounting is evident, with the latter including a variety of social and environmental issues such as: biodiversity protection, climate change, energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions, waste management, social inclusion disadvantaged people, respect for human rights, the fight against corruption and transparency of information.

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Устойчивост – понятие и употреба

Устойчивост – понятие и употреба

Author(s): Milena Velkovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

The paper aims to trace the process of emergence and development of sustainability – from the idea to the term. It introduces different definitions of the term depending on the contextual use, as well as documents where they meet. The paper is focused on important dimensions of the concept; special attention is paid on the social aspect.

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Доброволчеството като механизъм за професионална реализация

Доброволчеството като механизъм за професионална реализация

Author(s): Krastina Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The paper discusses the issues of professional realization at the career beginning and the volunteering’s opportunities to support this process.Differenet definitions of volunteering worldwide are presented and key volunteering characteristics are drawn. Presented are also the difference between volunteering and internships programs within the focus of formation of skills for professional development. The volunteering advantages in case of career change or return to the labour market are outlined.

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Mediating Role of Burnout in the Effect of Nurses' Workload on Turnover Intention during COVID-19 Pandemic

Mediating Role of Burnout in the Effect of Nurses' Workload on Turnover Intention during COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Mustafa Nal,Ekrem Sevim,Gulfer Bektas,Ummuhan Dirican,Ebru Sahin / Language(s): English Issue: 77/2022

Objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of workload on turnover intention and burnout and the mediating role of burnout in the effect of workload on leaving.COVID-19 pandemic leads to highly challenging work conditions for healthcare workers including nurses who mostly work at the front-line accompanying patients. This research was conducted in a private hospital with a Joint Commission International (JCI) certificate in Istanbul of Turkey between January and March 2021. 247 nurses comprising 91% of the nurse population in the hospital have been included. Workload had positive effect on burnout (β=0.51, 95% CI [0.287, 0.441]) and turnover intention of nurses (β=0.31, 95% CI [0.322, 0.603]). Burnout had a positive effect on turnover intention (β=0.54, 95% CI [0.932, 1.32]) and a mediating role in the effect of workload on turnover intention (β=0.41, 95% CI [0.302, 0.530]).Our finding indicated that increased workload is associated with increased levels of burnout and turnover intention of nurses. Furthermore, burnout has a positive effect on mediating the turnover intention.

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The Impact of the STETY Intervention Program on School Culture

The Impact of the STETY Intervention Program on School Culture

Author(s): Marcelle Kruger,Daniela Cojocaru / Language(s): English Issue: 77/2022

Special education teachers face various difficulties due to the uniqueness of their work, and these can impact their school culture. On the other hand, if given an opportunity or a resolution, like the Sociological Teachers Teaching Yoga (STETY) intervention program, this could increase the staffs’ sense of self-efficacy, thus affecting the school culture. This paper presents the findings of a research aiming to characterize teachers’ self-efficacy and school culture by participating in a group for a period of a ten-week yoga program. Qualitative research methods have been used for collecting and analyzing the data from 65 participants in total. The findings show that the Sociological Teachers Teaching Yoga (STETY) intervention program has impacted the participants’ self-efficacy and, therefore, the school culture.

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Caught Unprepared: Consequences of Getting Full Online During a Pandemic

Caught Unprepared: Consequences of Getting Full Online During a Pandemic

Author(s): Aykut Arslan,Serdar Yener,Fatma Korkmaz,Uju Violet Alola / Language(s): English Issue: 77/2022

Although the concept of remote working is not new, and it has been in use for a while, billions of people and workplaces were caught in surprise during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to full-scale lockdowns people got stuck with their family members. And in a very short time they were expected to set up home-offices and continue working. Balancing family relations with daily work schedule was hard for many. Drawing on a sample of instructors, this study investigates how people felt and dealt with it. Homogeneous purposive sampling technique was employed. The authors contacted with people from their network and asked them to fill in the online questionnaires. The people contacted also help to reach others in their network and consequently a total of 435 people participated. Most of the sample is comprised of university instructors (44.4%); followed by secondary school (22.8%), primary school (18.6%), and high school teachers (14.3%). We developed a theoretical model based on boundary theory and study the relationships among eWork-Life interferences with technostress and psychological well-being. The results supported our hypotheses and we found that timely IT assistance might decrease the felt technostress. Implications and further study suggestions are made accordingly.

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Integrative Elderly Care Model as a Part of a Changing Long-Term Care and Welfare State in Slovakia

Integrative Elderly Care Model as a Part of a Changing Long-Term Care and Welfare State in Slovakia

Author(s): Jana Šolcová,Andrea Seberíni,Miroslava Tokovská / Language(s): English Issue: 77/2022

The aim of this article is to describe and discuss the key challenges of social and healthcare services in Slovakia, focusing on the Integrative Elderly Care Model as part of a changing welfare state. It also examines the opportunities and challenges related to the transformation of community-based social and healthcare services. The Slovak welfare state has undergone several revisions during the last decade; so too has the elderly care sector, which is a combination of public and non-government organisations. Elderly citizens, however, remain in a precarious situation. The trend toward marketisation and re-familiarisation of elderly care ‘go towards the EU average’, indicating an increase in public social expenditure directed towards aging.

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Co to znaczy być „dobrym wilkiem”? O dyskursach ogrodu zoologicznego

Co to znaczy być „dobrym wilkiem”? O dyskursach ogrodu zoologicznego

Author(s): Katarzyna Szalewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2022

In her article, Katarzyna Szalewska offers a reading of the idea of the zoo in the context of Michel Foucault’s concept of the spatialization of discourse. Lars Berge’s book A Good Wolf. The Tragedy in a Swedish Zoo was an inspiration for Szalewska’s reflection. Szalewska refers to the history of the zoo and places this facility against the history of ideas, especially the nineteenth-century concepts of economization, scientism, collections and taxonomy. She then considers the zoo in the context of visual practices, especially the role of the gaze in the dialectic of power and knowledge. She shows that the zoo, functioning as it does in relation to the political and hierarchizing view, will always remain the domain of the cultural and the anthropocentric. Szalewska also addresses the perception and role of zoos as modern Noah’s arcs in the Anthropocene era and the ethical dimension of the “socialization” of animals.

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Risks and Challenges of Ecological Transition for the Financial System: What Role for Central Banks?

Risks and Challenges of Ecological Transition for the Financial System: What Role for Central Banks?

Author(s): Sarah Goldman,Tsvetelina Marinova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The ecological transition poses the most impelling challenges for central banks, regulators and supervisory authorities. This paper explores the different types of risks associated with ecological transition. It deplores their absence in the instruments of control and regulation at a time when climate change threatens financial stability and can be at the root of a systemic crisis. Risk management is particularly sensitive given its uncertain nature. Nowadays, many actors, including governments, the private and public sectors, as well as part of the international community, are intervening to support the ecological transition. Nevertheless, it would appear that central banks are best able to meet these challenges.

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Jakie transformacje energetyczne na rzecz trzech ekologii? Entropie, ekologie i gospodarka w antropocenie

Jakie transformacje energetyczne na rzecz trzech ekologii? Entropie, ekologie i gospodarka w antropocenie

Author(s): Anne Alombert / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

This article considers the contemporary ecological crisis a triple problem of environmental ecology, mental ecology and social ecology: while natural ecosystems are threatened by industrial infrastructures, which exploit mineral resources at the service of a globalized consumerist economy, psychic and social ecosystems are threatened by connected devices, which exploit libidinal resources at the service of attention economy and data economy. This triple ecological crisis is described in the article as a process of increasing entropy at different levels (thermodynamic, biological and informational or psycho-social levels). In order to reverse this process a double energetic transition is needed – a transition which would save and take care of energy generated from mineral resources, as well as of psychic and libidinal energy. The article relies on the works of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen and Bernard Stiegler, who envisage this transition as a fight against the increase in entropy on the physical and environmental levels on the one hand, and on the psychic, technical and social levels on the other.

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Ergon w erze antropocenu i nowe pytanie o bogactwo

Ergon w erze antropocenu i nowe pytanie o bogactwo

Author(s): Bernard Stiegler / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44/2022

This article endeavours to rethink wealth and the meaning of work (understood not only as ponos, but also as ergon), in the context of the Anthropocene. It is argued that only through redefining work it is possible to safely overcome the limitations of this age. As the article proves, the Anthropocene is in fact the Entropocene: an age in which the biosphere is confronted with a sudden and mass increase of entropy in each dimension of life on Earth. In order to resolve this threat, the transformation of knowledge and skills is essential. These qualities are, arguably, capable of producing negentropy, that is, the way through which human beings produce artificial organs that enhance the world in its technological (and not biological) dimension. Therefore, negentropy is discussed as an adequate alternative to the economic models that fail to respond to the dynamics of the Anthropocene/Entropocene.

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The Role of Positive Psychological Capital and Personality Traits on the Relationship of Conscious Awareness and Entrepreneurial Intention

The Role of Positive Psychological Capital and Personality Traits on the Relationship of Conscious Awareness and Entrepreneurial Intention

Author(s): Tahir Vaiz,Mehmet Ali Ekemen / Language(s): English Issue: 78/2022

A conceptual model including conscious awareness, positive psychological capital, personality traits and entrepreneurial intention is suggested with the purpose of providing a deeper understanding on the premises of entrepreneurial intention. Data is gathered from students studying in North Cyprus universities for the purpose of testing the suggested model (n= 400). The gathered data is analysed with SPSS 23 and AMOS programmes. The findings of the analysis show that entrepreneurial intention is positively influenced by conscious awareness, positive psychological capital and personality traits. Moreover, it has been observed that positive psychological capital and personality traits play an intermediary role the effect of conscious awareness on entrepreneurial intention. The findings of the research can be of benefit for both researchers and practitioners. The present study not only provides information on entrepreneurial intention but also helps administrators to increase their awareness by presenting administrative recommendations.

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Ecological Tourism Development in the Mountainous Regions and Historical Railway Network Capacities. Case Study: Tehran-Mazandaran Old Railway by Crossing the Alborz Mountain Range

Ecological Tourism Development in the Mountainous Regions and Historical Railway Network Capacities. Case Study: Tehran-Mazandaran Old Railway by Crossing the Alborz Mountain Range

Author(s): Reza Kheyroddin,Sina Rahsaz,Mohammad Abbaspour Kalmarzi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Ecological tourism or ecotourism (in abbreviation)is a form of tourism intended to have a low impact on the environment and is based on the principles of sustainability in natural and historical areas with conservation characteristics. Railway tourism can be a form of ecological tourism that occurs in areas with presence of the railroad network, due to its novelty and to the proximity to natural and cultural heritage in the humid and rainy climate. This form of tourism can attract many tourists from all around the world. The methodology of this study is descriptive and analytical, and initially, characteristics and requirements have been explained with resources and library studies. The required infrastructures are the main base of tourism, one of the most significant of which, is the current situation of the transportation system (railway network). The main aim of this study is the introduction of railway tourism as a strategy for development of railroad settlements in north of Iran with ecological and sustainable tourism. As the second aim, the most significant criteria of the railway-tourism were extracted from theoretical foundation and in addition, they were prioritized based on the AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) method. Moreover, in order to understand the restrictions and main problems of the local people, interviews have been conducted. In the following section, Tehran –Mazandaran impassable mountainous railway has been introduced, which passes through the Alborz Mountains. This route has the majority of unrivalled natural and cultural attractions, traditional habitation, and rural settlements. Despite recent spatial changes in Iran, these regions remained original and traditional. Interestingly, the railway is the only accessible transport to some of these settlements, without destructive effect on the environment. As a result, the substantial criteria were specified, and the basic issues and limitations of the locals’ life have been explained from survey and interviews. Consequently, a direct relationship has been detected between railway tourism and railroad habitation development in Tehran –Mazandaran railway that contains social, economic, physical and demographic studies. Eventually, it could be easily realized which railway-tourism has the lowest ecological impacts despite other types of tourism in natural and rural areas. Therefore, every kind of effort from researchers to authorities in this field could be helpful in order to protect our environment.

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Социално положение и социална работа с психичноболните през ранното християнство

Социално положение и социална работа с психичноболните през ранното християнство

Author(s): Emil Indzhov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article examines the social situation and social work with mentally ill individuals during the period of early Christianity. The processes of relations towards this group in the Roman society and the early Christian community have been analytically traced, and main conflicts in the two moral-value systems have been highlighted. The main views on therapy and treatment of the mentally ill are presented, as well as the society's attitude towards their problems. It is concluded that the representatives of this group are placed in social isolation and discrimination against the other individuals.

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Working From Home – Why Aren’t We Happier?

Working From Home – Why Aren’t We Happier?

Author(s): Annabelle Olivia Utamalie,Audrey Amanda Sasmito,Jyureiko Sagita Mailoa,Willy Gunadi / Language(s): English Issue: 79/2022

This study seeks to determine the impact of working from home policies due to COVID-19 restrictions towards work-life balance and job stress, and the effect of work-life balance and job stress on job satisfaction during the pandemic. It also approached the possibility of workload as a moderating variable between WFH and work-life balance, and WFH and job stress. Changes during the pandemic caused a difference in working conditions employees must adapt to. Using a regression analysis including 200 respondents of Indonesian employees, the results confirmed the relationships between WFH to work-life balance and job stress, and work-life balance and job stress towards job satisfaction. Workload did not have a moderating effect between WFH towards work-life balance or job stress.

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