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4.50 €

Cesty k nezávislosti: Jak se vyvíjí autonomie s identitou

Author(s): Stanislav Ježek,Petr Macek,Ondřej Bouša / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Dospělost je v mnoha ohledech spjata se schopností samostatně se rozhodovat, spolehnout se na sebe a svůj úsudek, s přijetím zodpovědnosti za své chování, rozhodnutí, postoje a přesvědčení. Trochu nadneseně řečeno, být dospělý znamená přijmout autorství vlastních činů, činit důležitá rozhodnutí, z nichž některá mají celoživotní dopad, a přijímat zodpovědnosti a závazky, které z nich vyplývají. Z jiného úhlu pohledu to také znamená uvažovat o sobě samém a o svém životě v dlouhodobější perspektivě, mít své osobní plány a cíle — co považuji ve svém životě za důležité a k čemu chci směřovat. Z pohledu vývojové psychologie se tu propojují dvě ústřední témata (či vývojové úkoly), které vstup do dospělosti definují: téma autonomie a identity.

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Závěr

Author(s): Jaroslava Dosedlová,Iva Burešová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Úryvky reálných přátelských rozhovorů z poslední doby… Všichni vedeme podobné rozhovory s našimi blízkými, s přáteli i v rámci běžné konverzace, všichni nějakým způsobem reflektujeme i vlastní zdravotní stav a jeho případné změny k lepšímu či horšímu. Zdraví, fyzické i psychické, je základní podmínkou naší výkonnosti, otevřených perspektiv a do značné míry i spokojenosti. V současné euroamerické společnosti je v posledních letech vyzdvihována především aktivní péče o zdraví, poněvadž právě zdravý životní styl vykazuje v realizovaných výzkumných studiích přímou souvislost s délkou dožití i s délkou dožití ve zdraví. McGinnis a Foege (1993) uvádějí, že 50 % případů úmrtí vlivem 10 nejrozšířenějších příčin smrti úzce souvisí s chováním ohrožujícím zdraví. Současná psychologie zdraví proto sleduje celou řadu faktorů, které ve vzájemných vztazích ovlivňují to, zda člověk onemocní a jakým způsobem svůj zdravotní stav hodnotí, a mapuje i faktory, v nichž se odrážejí stěžejní odlišnosti v míře aktivity, kterou lidé do péče o své zdraví investují.

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Nasilje nad starijim osobama: pravni, lingvistički i sociološki pristup

Author(s): Muhamed Tulumović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U ovom radu će biti analizirana krivična presuda u predmetu nasilja u porodici nad starijim osobama, sa osvrtom na pravni, lingvistički i sociološki pristup. Posebno će biti obrađeni opći nedostaci osnovnih dijelova presude, i to uvoda, izreke i obrazloženja, sa uputom na pravila legalističkog stila kao imperativa u pisanju presuda. Također, u radu će biti ukazano na greške u primjeni zakona, stanje kvaliteta presude, uz davanje potpunog i jasnog kritičkog negativnog i pozitivnog osvrta na nedostatke analizirane presude sa aspekta nasilja u porodici, analiza diskursa o nasilju u porodici i općoj poruci koja se u presudi ističe kroz iznesenu svrhu kažnjavanja, uz poseban pozitivan kritički osvrt na primjere dobre prakse. Neopravdano blaga kaznena politika sudova u odnosu na krivično djelo nasilje u porodici, sporost pravosudnog sistema, kao i neadekvatna zaštita žrtava nasilja od nasilnika, stvorila je kod žrtava nasilja u porodici nepovjerenje u pravosudni sistem, zbog čega je neophodno kontinuirano provoditi adekvatne mjere na sprečavanju i suzbijanju nasilja u porodici i porodičnoj zajednici.

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Nasilje nad maloljetnom osobom: porodičan čovjek ili nasilnik?

Author(s): Dragoslav Erdelić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Nasilje u porodici dugo se smatralo privatnim problemom, u koje se niko ko ne pripada toj porodici nema pravo miješati. U kontekstu trenutnog shvatanja i definisanja nasilja u porodici preovladava stajalište da se nasilje prema drugoj osobi niti u jednom obliku ne može smatrati privatnim problemom. Tome su doprinijela istraživanja o štetnosti nasilja koje prouzrokuje ne samo trenutna "ispoljavanja bijesa" nego i dugoročne posljedice koje prelaze sa generacije na generaciju. Nasilje u porodici obuhvaća i nasilje nad djecom i maloljetnicima, međutim ono se često prećutno toleriše kao jedna od odgojnih metoda. Prva država koja je zabranila nasilje nad djecom unutar porodice bila je Švedska; od tada pa do danas stručnjaci koji se bave prevencijom nasilja pokušavaju da ukažu na to šta fizičko kažnjavanje, odnosno nasilje, može prouzrokovati kod maloljetnih lica. Paradoks, na koji često nailazimo u pravosudnoj zajednici, ogleda se u ocjeni olakšavajućih i otežavajućih okolnosti, pa tako u predmetima nasilja u porodici kao olakšavajuća okolnost se najčešće navodi porodičan čovjek, iako je ovo krivično djelo direktno usmjereno na to da poremeti mir, tjelesnu cjelovitost ili psihičko zdravlje člana porodice. S tim u vezi, ova analiza pokušava da ukaže na značaj sankcionisanja počinitelja nasilja u porodici nad maloljetnim licima.

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KAKO KONSTRUIRATI DEMOGRAFSKE TRENDOVE NA TEMELJU PODATAKA O BROJU FISKALNIH JEDINICA: DŽIZJA U BOSNI U 18. STOLJEĆU

Author(s): Nenad Moačanin / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In der Historiographie überwiegt der Standpunkt, dass die “Reform” der Einhebung der Dzizja aus 1691 mehr Klarheit in diesen Bereich gebracht hat, und damit den heutigen Osmanisten die Arbeit erleichtert, vor allem bei dem Versuch, demographische Bewegungen festzustellen. Nun scheint aber die Lage keineswegs einfach zu sein. Konkrete Umstände entsprachen meist nicht den allgemeinen Grundsätzen, die man von oben verordnen wollte. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchung suggerieren, dass es eine Reihe von Phänomenen gegeben hat, die eine Veränderung der bisherigen, hauptsächlich mechanischen Perspektive nahelegen. So scheint das Prinzip, nach dem jeder geschlechtlich reife Nichtmoslem Dzizja zu zahlen hatte, keine praktische Anwendung gefunden hat, so dass sich in der Praxis die Familie als grundlegende fiksalische Einheit nach wie vor erhalten hat. Weiterhin haben die Gläubiger vor Ort als die Basis für die Erhebung dieser Steuer eine größere Einheit von vier-fünf Steuerpflichtigen angenommen, was andererseits der basalen Einheit des Besitzfonds (diş, bzw. şinik) entspricht. Und schließlich große Unterschiede in der Anzahl der Zahlungsbestätigungen (evrak) asu dem frühen und späten 18. Jahrhundert, was weder durch das gigantische natürliche Bevölkerungswachstum, noch durch Migrationen ausnehmend großer Ausmaße zu erklären wären, vor allem wenn man annimt, dass sich die Steuererhebung von einem Äquivalent für einen kleineren Teil der basalen Einheit des Besitzfonds zum immer größeren bewegt hat.

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Príčiny a kontexty pracovnej neistoty na Slovensku

Author(s): Michal Kentoš / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The presented study deals with the research of job insecurity. Job insecurity is in this context defined as perceived threat that of job lose. Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the current level of job insecurity in our conditions in the context of contradictory findings on the level of job insecurity in Slovakia. At the same time, the causes of job insecurity were investigated. Method. Following the findings on the incidence, intensity and context of job insecurity, research of the working population was conducted using an online panel on a sample of 1010 respondents, including 508 women and 502 men. Results. The results of the study indicate that the level of job insecurity is mainly due to the method of its measurement. Factors of job insecurity, along with traditional socio-demographic predictors at its level, were influenced by factors of organizational changes, competence, and individual's influence on work. Limits. The limit of the study as well as the results is the method of data collection only by Internet users.

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Demografické a psychologické prediktory vnímania bezpečia

Author(s): Michal Kentoš / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Presented study analyzes the demographic and psychological predictors of subjective perception of safety, which was studied by the fear of crime, behavior and cognition. Demographic predictors represented gender, age, education, country and previous victimization. Psychological - a risk tendency, conservatism and the need of structure. The analysis included 1847 respondents. The results suggest that individual assessment of the safety were affected by gender, partly by psychological characteristics.

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IDENTIFIKACE DEMOGRAFICKÝCH TRENDŮ V PŘÍHRANIČNÍCH REGIONECH ČR V KONTEXTU FINANCOVÁNÍ MÍSTNÍCH VEŘEJNÝCH SLUŽEB

Author(s): MACIEJ WOJCIECH MOLAK / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The main aim of this paper is to identify the demographic trends and main factors which influence the structure of settlement in border areas in Czech Republic in the context of financing local public services. For purposes of the analysis the Czech-Polish border region has been selected as a reference area within which statistical data (number of inhabitants, median age in the population, migration etc.) for the period 2007 – 2017 were compiled. For more comprehensive and complexed insight into this issue demographic data of Polish border regions were analyzed and involved as well. Resulting data were processed by means of theory of sets and structured data. In current system of financing municipalities in CZ the negative demographic trends in the border area influence providing of the local public services. The influence includes both incomes and costs of municipalities. As an example, the analysis of project for newly-created nursery schools co-financed by IROP has been conducted. The main conclusion of this paper is that demographic trends in border area have negative impacts on the settlement of this regions. That means it can influence financing of the local public services.

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Nüfus Coğrafyası Dersi Uygulamalarının Öğrencilerin Demografik Veri Araştırma Becerisine Etkisi: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Verileri

Author(s): Vedat Şahin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Population geography analyses the geographical distribution of population and explains the causal links related to this distribution. It is important to obtain accurate and reliable demographic data in terms of population geography. These data can be collected by many institutions and organisations. In Turkey, the largest and most comprehensive collection of primary data on population is the Turkish Statistical Institute. Population geography education is one of the important issues of the academic world today. While giving this education, it is beneficial for learning to realise some subjects as practical. As a matter of fact, studies have shown that teaching by doing approach in geography teaching increases learning. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of university students to research and apply demographic data in the context of Turkish Statistical Institute data. Descriptive survey model was used in the study. The study was applied to students taking population geography course. In this sense, the affinity sampling method was used in the sample selection in the study. In order to obtain the data, a questionnaire containing 5-point Likert-type statements developed by the researcher was used. According to the results of the research, geography department students think that the studies on demographic data research and application in population geography teaching improve their skills.

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A Philosophical Perspective on the Social Construction of Disability

Author(s): Mustafa Polat / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The notion of disability, just like the notions such as gender and race, directly involves the ontological classification of human-related kinds through some observed or imagined characteristics which constitute the defining rationale behind the relevant classification. Accordingly, the locus of philosophical debates on the disability classification rests on this underlying rationale which enables us to mark someone as disabled. Hereby, the underlying question is whether this particular classification hinges on some biological characteristics or is socially constructed under the socio-hierarchical relations built into the very fabric of society.

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Analysing Influence of Race, Ethnicity and Gender as Leading Indicators of Unemployment Rates with Machine Learning and Data Mining Techniques in the Country of USA

Author(s): Özerk Yavuz,Mehmet Çiçek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

“It takes 20 years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it. If you think about that, you’ll do things differently”. Warren Buffett. We are living in an era where the technology is improving so fast. At this point, innovation is very important. Branding is very important. Digital transformation is very important. For sustainability, what we need is Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). We need to feed IPR with Brand Protection (BP), digital support, and legal support. In other words, “DigitaLegal” (Çiçek, 2020).

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Başarılı Yaşlanmanın Sosyal Destek Bağlamında İncelenmesi

Author(s): Betül Okudur Sabuncu / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In recent years, the concept of successful aging, which means living in a healthy, productive, safe environment with a high quality of life, having a good social environment, and having a state of physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being throughout life, has become important for all individuals. In the literature, there are many variables and studies in different areas associated with successful aging. There are many factors that affect successful aging, such as social support, mental and physical health, general health status, and life activities. The concept of social support, which has an important place among these factors, has been examined within the scope of this study. Within the scope of the study, it was aimed to raise awareness about the contribution of social support to the level of successful aging. In this context, the concepts of social support and successful aging, its scope and theoretical basis were examined, studies on social support and successful aging were mentioned, and the relationship between social support and successful aging was explained. The results of the research were examined and supported by the literature. The results consistently show that higher levels of social support improve people's psychological and physiological health and have a positive effect on successful aging. No study has been found in the domestic literature that associates social support with successful aging. In this context, it is aimed to contribute to the literature.

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Post-partum Dönemdeki Kadınlarda Sosyo-Ekonomik Durumun Depresyonla Olan İlişkisi

Author(s): Tuğba Makbule Çuvadar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Mental health plays a critical role in the pregnancy process of women. Pregnancy is a period of great change in a woman's body as her baby develops. During this period, women often experience anxiety symptoms. Although the literature has suggested that socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute to the severity of pregnant women experiencing anxiety and depression, it has shown that women with low socioeconomic status may be more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that low ses will be associated with an increased experience of anxiety and depressive symptoms.woman's health before, during and after pregnancy. The results of this study shows that low socioeconomic status may increase the risk of anxiety and depression in pregnant women; therefore, practitioners should consider the socioeconomic status of patients assessing the risk of anxiety and depression during their pregnancy. The implementation of this type of screening for pregnant women is vital for ensuring both a healthy mother and a healthy baby. Post-partum depression is a serious psychiatric problem with a fairly high incidence, which can be the cause of morbidity and mortality for mother and baby. There are many factors that affect the development of depression in the post-partum period in women. The main factors among these are; the economic situation, the mother's family / own history of depression, not wanting pregnancy / child, the number of pregnancies and the excess number of children. Knowing these factors will guide on which issues the mother needs follow-up and support after childbirth. In addition, health supervision is a privileged opportunity to walk with new families through the transition to parenthood.

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Menstrualno siromaštvo: refleksije globalnog siromaštva u lokalnom kontekstu Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Omer Muminović,Zilka Spahić Šiljak / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Menstrualno siromaštvo u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) se uopće ne istražuje i ne postoje podaci o tome koliko žena ne može kupiti najnužnije menstrualne potrepštine. Ključni argument rada je da poreske politike u BiH nisu rodno odgovorne u smislu smanjenja ili ukidanja poreza na higijenske menstrualne potrepštine i da to dodatno utječe na siromaštvo žena te da je menstruacija još uvijek tabu. Rad se teorijski temelji na konceptima društvene stigme i feminizacije siromaštva koji su usko povezani s menstrualnim siromaštvom i rodnom neravnopravnošću. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je menstruacija još uvijek tabuizirana tema, da žene osjećaju sram javno govoriti o tome, da koriste eufemizme i da ne postoji sistemsko rješenje podrške kako bi se olakšalo ženama, a posebno onima koje žive na granici ili ispod granice siromaštva. Pretpostavljalo se da će globalizacija donijeti ekonomski napredak i unaprijediti položaj žena, što se u određenoj mjeri i dogodilo, međutim, negativni efekti globalizacije su najviše pogodili žene koje i dalje rade u manje plaćenim zanimanjima, manje zarađuju i u svojim rukama imaju vrlo malo ekonomskih resursa u odnosu na muškarce. Uz sve to žene moraju plaćati higijenske menstrualne potrepštine, što ih dodatno ekonomski opterećuje, a zbog menstruacije su izložene i društvenoj stigmi.

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CROATIAN POPULATION AND SOCIETY IN THE 19TH CENTURY

Author(s): Arijana Kolak Bošnjak,Robert Skenderović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

After the collapse of Napoleon’s rule and the Congress of Vienna, at which a new map of Europe was drawn, the Croatian lands found themselves within the Habsburg Monarchy, but not united: Croatia and Slavonia (Banal Croatia or civil Croatia and Slavonia) were part of the Kingdom of Hungary, while Istria and Dalmatia were an inte-gral part of the Austrian lands. The Croatian-Slavonian Military Frontier was under the direct military administration of Vienna and was finally integrated with Croatia and Slavonia only in 1881. Until the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918, the Croatian lands remained divided between the Austrian and Hungarian parts of the Monarchy.

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HOW DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN THE WORLD AFFECT THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF COUNTRIES

Author(s): Vladimir Ristanović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The discrepancy between the world’s economic and demographic performance dates back decades. The mismatch between population and economic growth has developed through globalization. The oldest theoretical directions and doctrines sought a rational explanation, but the problem became more and more complex over time. The basic premise of the paper is that demographic structure affects GDP. Furthermore, this impact varies from country to country and over several related years. A comparative analysis of selected countries/regions will show what the relationships are between economic and demographic performance. Measuring and evaluating this as accurately as possible is important to draw the right conclusions and adequate messages. Various demographic indicators were compared under different conditions and by structure. At the same time, their relationships with economic parameters were analyzed through their linear regression relationship using econometric analysis. The conclusions of the paper may be useful for creating socioeconomic policies in the future.

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SENIOR ENTREPRENEURS – LITERATURE OVERVIEW AND EXAMPLES

Author(s): Aleksandar Erceg,Rita-Krin Boduljak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The world population is getting older, and many retiring people face the dilemma of what to do now that they are still in good health and can still do something for themselves and society. Many retired people are considering starting ventures as senior entrepreneurs because of their skills, knowledge, and personal networks. At the same time, however, they face various disadvantages. Senior entrepreneurship is seen to extend the working lives of older people and provide additional financial resources in retirement. The topic of senior entrepreneurship is gaining research interest in academic society, and we find that there are more and more studies on senior entrepreneurs and senior entrepreneurship. The results show a variety of definitions and terms, problems in operationalizing the silver entrepreneur concept, and a lack of data on the age of entrepreneurial groups. The available data shows that senior-age entrepreneurship is increasing worldwide, but the number varies from country to country. Based on the literature review on senior entrepreneurs and senior entrepreneurship, several additional questions emerged that could (need to) be explored concerning Croatia and globally.

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UNDERSTANDING OLDER CONSUMERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR RETAILERS IN CROATIA

Author(s): Ljerka Sedlan Kőnig / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Researching the shopping behavior of older consumers (65 years and older) is important because this population segment is expected to grow in the coming years. Understanding their preferences and challenges will help businesses adapt and meet the needs of this important consumer group. Older consumers may have different needs and preferences than younger consumers, such as a preference for brick-and-mortar stores over online shopping and a desire for knowledgeable and helpful sales staff. They may also have issues such as limited mobility and difficulty with technology. By understanding these preferences and challenges, companies can improve the shopping experience for older consumers, increasing their loyalty and boosting sales. In addition, addressing older consumers’ needs can positively impact the community and society as a whole. Specific information about research on the shopping behavior of older consumers in Croatia is scarce. However, reviewing previous studies and articles on the shopping behavior of older consumers in other countries and regions may provide relevant information that could be applied to the Croatian context.

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THE INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SENIOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Author(s): Mihaela Mikić,Tin Horvatinović,Ivana Kovač / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Senior entrepreneurship, either as a partial employment option used to make additional income for a pension or as a full career option, is a tool for improving senior citizens’ economic position, quality of life, and self-actualization. The goal of this chapter is to identify macroeconomic indicators that can influence the development of senior entrepreneurship. The macroeconomic indicators investigated include GDP, unemployment, inflation, average salary, retirement age, and poverty risk. Research results showed two significant variables that influence the development of senior entrepreneurship: GDP and inflation. GDP was found to have a positive relationship, while inflation had a negative one. The limitations of this research include a lack of data, which limited research to only 11 countries in the European Union instead of all of them. Moreover, because the theory basis is very limited, it is hard to identify variables of interest. It is possible that because of this, none of the social security system variables showed as significant. Recommendations for future research would include further investigation of the influence of the economic environment on senior entrepreneurship to create a base for quality policy measures for its development and to broaden the investigation to include other types of environments. Furthermore, the motivation for starting a business in senior years should be investigated more, including economic and social perspectives.

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ENHANCING THE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE FOR AGING INDIVIDUALS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE UNIVERSITY FOR THE THIRD AGE

Author(s): Alka Obadić,Zoran Ježić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Demographic change presents a challenge for all developed countries, especially EU countries, with significant aging populations. Therefore, active aging is key. Older people must be included in society, and their participation must be considered a priority without any stigmatization and discrimination they are often exposed to. Older people need to remain active in their daily lives in their community (e.g., education and training facilities that enable active aging at work, health and care services that support healthy aging and independent living, etc.). Consequently, meaningful educational opportunities for older individuals should be a top priority. This paper addresses the critical area of lifelong learning for an aging population, focusing on the university for the third age as a distinctive and innovative model. The authors undertake a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the literature published to date on education for older people to examine the impact and effectiveness of educational programs that address the educational needs of older adults. In the applied part of the paper, the authors analyze the programs and activities of the University for the Third Age of the University of Rijeka.

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