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İnternet Bağımlılığı İçin Kolaylaştırıcı Bir Faktör Olarak Sanal Dünyada Etik Duyarlılık Azalması

Author(s): Abdullah Yıldız / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2017

This article discusses the relationship between internet addiction, which is a widespread problem, and ethical action and sensitivity changes that are expected to arise due to usage of internet and virtual world. It is aimed to demonstrate that moral development stages and ethical actions can change in the light of evaluation of differantiation of communication in the internet and virtual world from the actual social life. Furthermore, factors such as uncontrolled action and facilitation of accessibility to pleasure have been theoretically shown to facilitate internet dependency.

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Psikotik Bozukluklara Psikodinamik Bakış ve Sanatın Psikotik Hastalarla Psikoterapideki İşlevi

Author(s): Aslı Sarandöl / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2021

Many models have been developed for understanding schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. In this review, psychoanalytic theories that try to explain psychotic disorders will be mentioned, especially theoretical information about psychotic self development will be given. In this theoretical framework, the factors to be considered in psychotherapy with psychotic patients and the gains of using art in psychotherapy will be emphasized. It is very difficult to understand what is happening in the mind of the patient with an ilness that complicates adaptation to social life. The patient experiences alienation to the culture and has obstacles in making a place for himself in the social context. Working with art elements in treatment functions as a suitable environment for the evolution of pre-symbolic structures and relationships, creating an intermediate-space between concrete and symbolic functionality. Art elements carry the unconscious material to the preconscious. The third element (painting, clay, music, etc.) between the therapist and the patient helps to externalize thoughts and feelings that cannot be expressed otherwise. The fact that the environment of psychotherapy with art is not demanding can also make a positive contribution when working with psychotic patients. In this review, the process of psychotherapy with art will be discussed with case examples from art psychotherapy activities conducted with psychotic patients at Bursa Uludağ University Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry.

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Cinsel İstismar Mağduru Karmaşık Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu olan Kız Ergenlerde Grup EMDR Uygulaması

Author(s): Mehmet Karadağ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Suppl. 1/2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP), which was previously used in disaster and war related traumas, on depression and trauma scores in female adolescents with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This is the first study with adolescents in this field. For this purpose, 13 female adolescents underwent 3 sessions of Group EMDR protocol. The cases had history of sexual abuse and had been given standard medical treatment for at least 6 months. The Posttraumatic Stress Index and the Children Depression Inventory were administered to the patients before therapy sessions and then 1 month after the sessions were completed. The mean age of the patients was 16 (min: 14 max: 17). 84.6% (n: 11) of the cases had experienced more than one traumatic event before. The mean Child Depression Inventory scores were 19 (± 6.4) before therapy and 11.4 (± 5.5) at 1-month follow-up, Post-Traumatic Stress Index scores were 53.5 (± 7.5) before therapy, and 39.4 (± 8.6) at 1-month follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference in both depression and trauma scores before and after follow-up. Complicated PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that affects lives of individuals in many ways. Although standard psychotropic medication has a partial effect in reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms, this is insufficient. Group therapy has been used mostly in collective traumatic events; it has been shown that can use effective in complex PTSD as well with this study.

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Terör Saldırıları Sonrası Yabancılaşma Duygusu Yaşayan Bireylerin Yaşantıları: Fenomenolojik Çalışma

Author(s): Nazan Turan,Birgül Özkan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Suppl. 1/2020

The present study aims to investigate the experiences of individuals feeling a sense of alienation after terrorist attacks. This qualitative research, carried out within the theoretical framework of the interpretative phenomenological approach, was conducted with the non-random sampling method and purposive sampling method. The sample consists of 11 volunteers (18- 65 years old) without any psychiatric illness, who continued to work in the same workplace before and after the terrorist attack of March 13, 2016, and whose post-attack sense of alienation was determined to be the highest. "Participant Information Form", "Dean's Alienation Scale (AS)" and "Semi-Structured Interview Form" were used as data collection tools. In analysıs of the participants, the mean of the scores from Dean's Alienation Scale varied between 78 and 82. Four main themes were identified as a result of the analysis of the interviews with eleven participants who stated that they or their relatives or acquaintances did not get injured or their relatives or acquaintances were not killed during the terrorist attack. These themes were "attributing meaning to what is witnessed aurally and visually," "change," "individual responses," and "coping."The study concludes that individuals feeling a sense of alienation after terrorist attacks give emotional, mental, physiological, and behavioral responses to these incidents, changes occur in their interpersonal relationships and habits, and their ways of coping with incidents vary.

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Şizofrenide Uzun Etkili Enjektabl Antipsikotik Tedaviye Geçişin Bakım Yükü Üzerine Etkisi

Author(s): Elif Özcan Tozoğlu,Gökhan Özpolat / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

The main aim of this study is to investigate the difference of transition from oral to long-acting antipsychotic treatments on caregiver burden of patients with schizophrenia. Other factors that may be related to the burden were also discussed. Caregivers (n:138) of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia for at least one year and who received oral paliperidone or aripiprazole were included in the study. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) and The Clinical Global Impression-Disease Severity (CGI-S) were administered at baseline and 1 year after switching to long-acting injectables. Demographic characteristics of caregivers and patients were evaluated to determine other factors associated with the burden. Significant decreases were found in the ZCBS and CGI-S scores after transitioning to long-acting injectable antipsychotics. When the groups using paliperidone and aripiprazole were compared; the decrease in ZCBS scores was not significant, the decrease in CGI-S scores was significant.Caregiver burden was positively correlated with patient's age, CGI-S score, time spent in the same house, duration of illness, and the number of hospitalizations. A significant negative correlation was found among the caregiver’s age, educational level and income. In conclusion, in the present study the importance of switching to long-acting injectable antipsychotics, which is a modifiable factor, to reduce caregiver burden was emphasized.

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Yetişkin Ayrılma Anksiyetesi Bozukluğu: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Author(s): Zeynep Namlı,Aynur Özbay,Lut Tamam / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

Separation anxiety is excessive anxiety in separation from or expectation of separation from basic attachment figures. Separation anxiety disorder was considered a childhood and adolescent disorder until the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Nowadays, it is known that separation anxiety disorder may continue or begin in adulthood. Adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) shows similar clinical manifestations than in the children population. ASAD has been associated with several comorbid mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and personality disorders. ASAD can also affect the clinical symptoms and course of comorbid psychiatric disorders. There is not enough data about the treatment approaches for ASAD.

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İntihar Sonrası Yas Süreci: Bir Sistematik Gözden Geçirme

Author(s): Büşra Nur Dağ,Özden Yalçınkaya Alkar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

Suicide has been a frequently studied subject in the literature, whereas the grief process experienced by the survivors after suicide has been one of the neglected topics. Contributing to the literature and being able to understand how the bereavement processes of people shaped who experience the grief after suicide are the purposes of the systematic review. Accordingly, it was decided to include quantitative studies with comparative groups in order to understand whether these people are in the risk group or not, and qualitative studies to understand the grieving process in deeply. International databases were searched and 24 studies were included in the systematic review. The Prisma chart of the review and the summary of the studies are presented with the tables. According to the findings, it can be stated that the bereavement process of people who experience the grief process after suicide is shaped in a different way. The existence of factors such as the lack of social support mechanisms, the risk of stigmatization, the risk of self-harming behaviors can be considered in the context of differences. Points to be considered about the bereavement process of people who have experienced a post-suicide grief and suggestions for this grief process are given in the discussion and conclusion part of the study. Unfulfilled rituals, lack of social support, stigmatization and the process of making sense of suicide are the factors that therapists should pay attention to during the intervention phase.

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Şizofreni Hastalığında Mutluluk Kavramı

Author(s): Fatih Sahin,Özlem Şahin Altun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects a person’s emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Although the symptoms of schizophrenia vary from person to person, the course of the disorder is generally not mild. In addition to these effects of the disease, patients have to struggle with both social and family problems. Having positive feelings such as hope and happiness for patients during this hard period can be a source of motivation in coping with the disease. Indeed, happiness is a basic dimension of a person’s life, related to both functionality and achievement. Happiness is a power that supports mental and psychological well-being in many fields, from healthy living to social interaction in individuals. Happiness in schizophrenia points out less depressive mood, less social isolation, and a more hopeful process for the future and treatment process during the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of schizophrenia. However, limited data are available on happiness in schizophrenia due to the long-standing belief that anhedonia is an inherent feature in schizophrenia. In this context, this study aims to create awareness about the ignored concept of happiness in patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate happiness in schizophrenia with its clinical and functional results.

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İNTİHAR DAVRANIŞINDA BULUNAN VAKALARDA SOSYAL HİZMET MÜDAHALE GEÇMİŞİ VE MEVCUT İHTİYAÇLAR

Author(s): Berra Cansiz Kösesoy / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

Purpose of the research to determine the problem history of the cases with suicidal behavior, the availability of professional support resources they consult, the level of effectiveness of these supports in ensuring well-being and current needs; to determine the structure and deficiencies of the social service and social assistance network for the solution of suicide, which is a public health problem, with a generalist social work perspective. In this study, which was planned with a qualitative approach, the cases determined by the purposive sampling technique and their relatives were interviewed using semi-structured interview forms. 31 cases were reached, a total of 55 people, 21 of whom were suicide attempters, were interviewed. In the study, case reports were prepared in the light of the data obtained as a result of the questions directed to the individuals who committed suicide and their relatives. The data were categorized by the researcher and analyzed descriptively. In this way, the data were defined and the data that were linked between them were brought together with the support of the literature. When the data is evaluated, it is seen that the problems causing suicidal behavior in 29 cases have a long history, and the cases and their families have complex problems. During the interviews, it was determined that not all of the relevant persons had a history of contact with a social worker in any health institution. These people, who have a history of chronic disease, a history of addiction, anger control problems, chronic family problems and long-term financial difficulties; he did not contact social workers in health institutions even for psychological support and counseling. This situation shows that there are deficiencies in both the detection of cases, the quality of service and the access of services to people, as well as the number and competence of personnel.

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RAZUMEVANJE SALOMO FRIEDLAENDEROVOG KONCEPTA KREATIVNE INDIFERENTNOSTI: PSIHOTERAPIJSKA STUDIJA SLUČAJA

Author(s): Nicole Chew-Helbig / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2022

Salomo Friedlaender’s Creative Indifference, or Schöpferische Indifferenz, first published in 1918, is a founding philosophy of Gestalt therapy that has invaluable implications in the process of psychopathology in the psychotherapeutic process. This article features a psychotherapy case study of a client who has been diagnosed with Major Depression and Atypical Anorexia Nervosa. The case story is written by the therapist using Therapeutic Autoethnography, a method of inquiry into the psychotherapeutic process. Writing this case study in an evocative aesthetic form, the understanding of Creative Indifference is fleshed out and enriched. Story and theory are intewoven reflexively to illuminate how aspects and meanings of Friedlaender’s philosophy of Creative Indifference, the centering in the here-and-now, the fertile void and zero point, apply to the real-life, naturalistic situation of psychotherapy practice. Though the case study details but a portion of the client’s work, one can grasp the atmosphere from which the client’s pathos is made visible. Creative Indifference facilitates this process of psychopathology in a powerful way, expanding our understanding of suffering beyond the traditional attitude of clinical diagnosis.

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The relationship between self-consciousness and career decision-making self-efficacy in disabled and non-disabled people: Two moderated mediation models

Author(s): Siyi Liu,Aitao Lu,Xiaodan Chen,Meifang Zhang,Chuqi Liu,Meirong Li / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2023

A growing number of studies have focused on psychological factors involved in the career decisions made by individuals with disabilities. This study primarily investigated task-oriented psychological capital as the mediator of the relationship between private/public self-consciousness and career decision-making self-efficacy. Disability status was tested as a moderator of this mediational pathway. By recruiting 257 individuals with disabilities and 258 individuals without disabilities, we found that task-oriented psychological capital mediated the relationship between private/public self-consciousness and career decision-making self-efficacy; however, these two indirect links were weaker for individuals with disabilities than individuals without disabilities, suggesting a moderating effect of disability status. Results are discussed in terms of the potential synergy between private/public self-consciousness and task-oriented psychological capital in the development of career decision-making self-efficacy among individuals with disabilities and individuals without disabilities.

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The thematic review of mental health in probation in England and Wales

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The thematic review of mental health in probation in England and Wales

Author(s): Laura Buckley / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

While the relationship between offending and mental health is complex, research findings indicate that those in conflict with the law have higher levels of mental illness and need than the general population. This article considers the findings of a joint thematic inspection of the criminal justice journey for individuals with mental health needs, with a particular focus on the probation stage. Inspectors from across justice and health reviewed cases to establish the extent to which needs were identified and met. Interviews were also undertaken with 67 individuals who had lived experience of mental illness while in the criminal justice system. Findings are considered in relation to the identification of mental health needs; the role of trauma; probation practitioners’ skills, knowledge and support; case management; and access to required services. This inspection led to identified effective practice and key agencies agreeing to a number of actions in response to inspectors’ recommendations.

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Borderline Bir Eyleme Vurum Savunması Olarak Aşırı Film/Dizi İzleme: Klinik Bir Olgu Sunumu Üzerinden Sinemaya Çok Yönlü Psikolojik Bakış

Author(s): Muhammed Arıkan,Aylin Tutgun Ünal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Iss./2022

Psychotherapy is a treatment in which people get to know, discover and change themselves by working on mental healing mechanisms. Psychotherapy is the child of the 20th century and has been constantly developing, renewing and enriching for nearly a century. In this study, psychology’s view of cinema within the framework of the psychotherapy process, how cinema/series can be a borderline acting out defense, and how cinema can be a mediator function in overcoming the existential crisis and anxiety in which postmodern people fall are discussed through a psychotherapy case. Our main focus in the study is the case of “Samyeli”, who has schizoid defenses and a diagnosis of quiet borderline made by a clinical evaluation within the framework of psychodynamic theories (Masterson Therapy). The psychotherapy process of this person took about 2 years. In the treatment of Samyeli, theoretical and technical Masterson therapy tools were used. When the therapy process was over, it was understood that this case contained a multifactorial diversity that could not be evaluated only with the dynamics of early infancy and childhood experience. It was seen that the case shed light on the existential and socio-psychological problems of the people of the age and even having very deep and rich dynamics in cinema-psychology. For these reasons, the therapy process of this person will be explained with the dynamics of Masterson theory and cinema/series issues will mostly be discussed as acting out defense in the case report. On the other hand, issues such as the relationship between cinema and psychotherapy, the positive psychological, existential and clinical effect mechanisms of cinema; how deterministic theories based on object-relations and existential theories inspired by continental philosophy and based on the criticism of modernity can be combined within the framework of complementarity and holism in understanding people and their problems are focused indirectly within the study.

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Eğitimcilerde Kaygı Bozukluklarına Neden Olan Faktörlerin İncelenmesi

Author(s): Tacettin Doğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2022

In this study, it is aimed to examine the factors that cause anxiety disorders in educators working in educational institutions in educational management practices and educational processes. Anxiety disorders are a condition that is often observed as a normal process in people and managers working in all institutions and organizations, as well as in educational administrators and teachers working in educational institutions. Educational institutions are one of the most important building blocks that determine the future of countries. The work and functioning of educational institutions, their quality, qualification and future perspective are determined by the performance, characteristics and personal knowledge, skills and equipment of educational administrators and educators. In terms of ensuring that educators start working, continue working and fulfill their duties with willingness and enthusiasm, reducing anxiety disorders to a minimum level, or even resetting them if possible, is an indispensable necessity for educational institutions.

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The relationship between philosophical and psychological counselling: where do we stand?

Author(s): Alina Dâlcu / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

Nowadays we can find a wide plethora of philosophical practices ranging from the classic philosophical counselling to educational programs for children or even prevention and rehabilitation programs. How should a client know what is suited for him? What is the philosophical practitioner promising to their clients? Is it wisdom and truth as some would associate with philosophy? Is it healing and therapy? This paper tries to shed some light over the field of philosophical practices. I present the emergence of philosophical counselling, it’s historical evolution and the situation nowadays. I talk about the worldview concept and about its importance in the healing paradigm. I will analyze different critiques brought to fields of philosophical and psychological counselling and common aspects that concern both fields, trying to find both similarities and differences that would help me conclude on what is the relationship between psychotherapy and philosophical counselling and how can each benefit the other in their common purpose of alleviating human noetic distress.

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Accept Your Difference

Author(s): Vladimir Sotirov / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2021

interview by Galina Goncharova with Dr. Vladimir Sotirov, psychiatrist, member of the Bulgarian Psychiatric Association, former president of the Sofia Psychiatric Society, co-founder and Director of the Mental Health Centre ‘Adaptacia’.

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Self-criticism and self-compassion as mediators of the relationship between alexithymia and postpartum depressive symptoms

Author(s): Ana-Maria Andrei,Rebecca Webb,Violeta Enea / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common after birth and can have a profound effect on women and their families. It is therefore important to understand the conditions and factors that lead to the occurrence and maintenance of PPD. The first aim of the current study was to identify whether there is a relationship between alexithymia and postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) in a sample of Romanian mothers. The second aim was to explore whether self-criticism and self-compassion mediate the relationship between alexithymia and PPDS. The current cross-sectional study included 307 mothers with babies aged between four weeks and one year. The results show that alexithymia, self-compassion, self-criticism, PPDS all correlated with one another, and self-criticism, self-compassion and alexithymia are significant predictors of PPDS. Moreover, self-criticism and self-compassion mediated the relationship between alexithymia and PPDS. A psychological therapy that increases self-compassion and reduces alexithymia and self-criticism may be beneficial for preventing symptoms of PPD.

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The psychological determinants of emotional and external eating behavior in a university student sample from Turkey

Author(s): Serhat Ergun,Erdogdu Akca,Omer Yanartas,Zeynep Nur Demirok Akca,Ahmet Ozcercan,Kemal Sayar / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Psychological factors and adverse childhood events at an early age have been poorly investigated in relation to risky eating behavior and obesity. The importance of this relationship grows as these behaviors are becoming public health problems. The main objective of the present study was to examine the effects of interrelated psychological factors such as childhood negative life events, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and impulsivity on eating behaviors in a university student sample in Turkey. A total of 414 undergraduate students (60.4% women) in Turkey, completed the Turkish versions of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to assess emotional eating and external eating and the CDC-Kaiser Permanent Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 (BSI-11). Structural equation models (SEM) were used to evaluate whether depressive/anxiety symptoms could be a mediator between impulsivity and emotional eating/external eating. Childhood adverse events were both weakly correlated with eating behavior and impulsivity measures (r = .18,r = .275, p <.001, respectively). Depression and anxiety levels were found to be significantly associated with all variables except for the body mass index (BMI; r = .121‒.395, p <.001). Body mass index (BMI) was also significantly correlated with emotional eating (r = .231, p <.001) and restrained eating (r = .226, p <.001). Impulsivity was positively and directly associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression and emotional and external eating (respectively β = .27, p <.001; β = .31, p <.001; β = .16, p = .006; β = .13, p = .047). The effect of adverse experiences on both emotional eating (β = .147; 95% CI [.087 − .247]) and external eating (β = .091; 95% CI [.032 − .168]) was found to be partially mediated by impulsivity and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The results supported the proposition that symptoms of depression and anxiety levels are mediators between impulsivity and emotional eating/ external eating. This finding suggests that a through psychological assessment should be taken into consideration when evaluating the eating behavior of university students and prevention and treatment strategies applied for disordered eating behaviors in the future.

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Домашно насилие, семейни отношения и проблемно поведение в детска и в юношеска възраст

Author(s): Petar Neshev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article examines the causes of domestic violence and the relationship between family relationships and problematic behavior in childhood and adolescence. The influence of different types of parenting models on child development is presented. The symptoms of the dysfunctional family are indicated. Domestic violence and faulty parenting patterns can lead children and adolescents to traumatic experiences and sufferers should be given support and professional help. The psychological specificity of different types of family relationships has been revealed. In family relationships with prevailing manipulation, authoritarianism and alienation, children exhibit problematic behavior. Problem behavior in childhood and adolescence can be perceived as a form of protest against the lack of attention on the part of parents. In cases of disharmonious family relation, children experience dissatisfaction in interpersonal interactions, the sense of meaning in life decreases, social isolation increases. The serious consequences for the psyche, behavior and experiences of the child and adolescent living in dysfunctional families require the professional support and empathy of school psychologists. Through timely quality pedagogical and psychological help, children and adolescents will be able to overcome problems in their development that personal growth.

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MREŽNA SOCIJALNA PODRŠKA PORODICAMA NESTALIH OSOBA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Jagoda P. Petrović,Olivera N. Grbić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 23/2021

Of the 31,196 persons missing due to the war in BiH (1992-1995), 6,126 families are still awaiting information on the fate of their 6,586 members (ICRC, 2019). The social inclusion of these families depends on the quality of social support. Social support is understood as helping people in difficult life situations and it also includes an individual’s belief that they are cared for and loved, respected and valued, and that they belong to a network of communications and mutual obligations (Cobb, 1976). This research examined the perception of family members of missing persons about social support within the available social networks. The initial assumption that families of missing persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina perceive a significant level of social support within primary social networks and a low level of social support within secondary and tertiary social networks was confirmed by the use of mixed research design. The survey method, using a questionnaire on a sample of 200 representatives of families of missing persons, was combined with the method of focus group interview, carried out with members of the missing persons association. Methodological triangulation of quantitative data on the size and frequency of occurrence and qualitative information from the perspective of participants, provided a detailed insight into the researched phenomenon, greater validity of the obtained data and thus creating a complete picture of the researched problem. According to the results of the quantitative part of the research, families of the missing with an above-average score of 4.6 (mostly help) highly value the level of social support within primary social networks, with an below-average score of 2.3 (do not help) indicate a low level of social support through the secondary social network. That is, they believe that the competent institutions do not help them, while with a score of 3.3 (mostly they do not help) they indicate that social support through tertiary social networks is slightly below average. Qualitative results of a focus group interview are complementary to quantitative results. The conclusion is that the family remains the strongest pillar of social support, along with relatives, neighbors and friends, while associations of families of the missing somewhat compensate for the lack of support from secondary social networks. Based on that, it is recommended to strengthen support within secondary social networks by applying network social work, psychological crisis interventions and supervision. Using the existing resources of microsocial networks, network social work should favor the role of institutional networks and improve the support of associations for (self)help. The application of psychological crisis interventions and supervision for professionals who work with family members of missing persons aims to develop their abilities to overcome stressful situations and readiness for professional and personal advancement.

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