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Raport o stanie edukacji 2010. Społeczeństwo w drodze do wiedzy

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Głównym celem raportu jest wzmocnienie szerokiej publicznej debaty zarówno na temat samej edukacji, jak i jej znaczenia w działaniach rozwojowych. W Raporcie o stanie edukacji 2010 zebrano informacje dotyczące zmian, jakie zaszły w edukacji, w ciągu ostatnich 15 lat, ze szczególnym naciskiem na edukację ogólną. W poszczególnych rozdziałach poruszono kwestie dot. wykształcenia społeczeństwa polskiego, uczestnictwa w edukacji formalnej, finansowania edukacji, demografii, jakości edukacji, nauczaniu matematyki, nauczycielom, spójności społecznej w kontekście edukacji oraz sprawom związanym z powiązaniem edukacji z rynkiem pracy.

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Raport o stanie edukacji 2011. Kontynuacja przemian

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Raport o stanie edukacji 2011 stanowi kontynuację działań podjętych w ramach projektu „Entuzjaści Edukacji” w 2010 r.W raporcie 2011 wskazano najbardziej aktualne informacje dotyczące tendencji zmian w polskiej edukacji (uczestnictwo w edukacji, finansowanie edukacji, jakość i wykształcenie Polaków). Szczególną uwagę poświęcono zagadnieniom szkolnictwa zawodowego oraz szkolnictwa wyższego.

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Raport o stanie edukacji 2013. Liczą się nauczyciele

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Polscy 15-latkowie mają jeden z najwyższych poziomów kompetencji w Europie, na co wskazują wyniki międzynarodowego badania PISA. To w dużym stopniu zasługa nauczycieli i im też w znacznym stopniu poświęcona jest czwarta już edycja raportu o stanie edukacji – „Liczą się nauczyciele”, który opublikował Instytut Badań EdukacyjnychPodobnie jak w poprzednich edycjach raport IBE opisuje kierunki zmian w polskiej edukacji, w tym dotyczące wykształcenia Polaków, ich szans na rynku pracy, ich wyborów edukacyjnych. Stara się też pokazać obraz polskich nauczycieli: dostarcza odpowiedzi m.in. na pytania: co nauczyciele myślą o sobie i swojej pracy?, co inni myślą o nauczycielach?, ile pracują?, jak podnoszą swoje kompetencje? Obszerną cześć raportu stanowią portrety nauczycieli języka polskiego, matematyki, historii, języków obcych oraz nauczycieli przedmiotów przyrodniczych.

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Raport o stanie edukacji 2014. Egzaminy zewnętrzne w polityce i praktyce edukacyjnej

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

W dyskusjach o edukacji coraz częściej mówi się o jakości i coraz ważniejszą rolę odgrywają różne sposoby jej mierzenia. Jeszcze kilkadziesiąt lat temu porównania systemów oświatowych ograniczały się do zestawiania odsetków absolwentów kończących poszczególne etapy edukacji czy wskaźników upowszechnienia edukacji, np. w przedszkolach czy w szkolnictwie wyższym. W nadzorze nad szkołami dominował model tradycyjnej, hierarchicznej kontroli, polegającej na sprawdzaniu, czy przestrzegane są przepisy i inne zewnętrznie zdefiniowane normy. W ostatnich dekadach zwiększyły się oczekiwania stawiane przed edukacją. W większym stopniu zaczęto też postrzegać edukację przez pryzmat poziomu wiedzy i umiejętności absolwentów. W nadzorze nad szkołami zaczęto zwracać uwagę nie tylko na procesy, ale też i efekty, w tym zwłaszcza efekty uczenia się. Międzynarodowe badania osiągnięć edukacyjnych pokazały problem zróżnicowania poziomu umiejętności uczniów, w tym istnienia sporej grupy uczniów, którzy kończą szkoły z zasobem umiejętności nieodpowiadającym wyzwaniom współczesnego społeczeństwa i potrzebom rynku pracy.

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Към въпроса за създаването на първите читалища в Родопите

Author(s): Tanya Mareva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In this paper are being discussed the locations, the conditions and the participants in the establishment of the first National Revival community centers, also calld chitalishta, in the Rhodopes. They were established in three micro-regions - the central part, the northern foothills and the southwest Rhodopes. The community centers were connected to and influenced by Plovdiv, the main cultural and educational centre for Bulgarian territories in the 1860's and the 1870's. The beginning of the Rhodope community centers was influenced by the establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate as an independent church institution and the participation of the most enlightened strata of Bulgarian society in the struggle for a Bulgarian church.

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Църковно и просветно дело в град Разград през 40-те - 70-те години на XIX век

Author(s): Todorka Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The town Razgrad from today was established in the XV century on a early Thracian, Roman and Bulgarian settlement. During the Renaissance and the period from the middle of the XIX century Bulgarians in Razgrad created their own municipality and joined the struggle for church independence and establishing a new school. In 1860 was built the current church "St.Nikolai" and the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarchate was rejected. For the educational and spiritual development of the city worked many of the citizens from whom more notable were S. Petrov, D. Hranov, A. Tsanov, N. Georgieva and others.

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Възникване и развитие на македонските бежански културно-просветни и благотворителни братства в България (1878-1951)

Author(s): Stoyan Raychevski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Macedonian charity, cultural and educational fraternities in Bulgaria were established by the refugees from Macedonia who came to this country after Kresna-Razlog Uprising in 1878, the Illinden (St. Elijah's Day) Uprising in 1903, the Second Balkan War in 1913 and World War I. They originated on a purely fraternity basis with the aim of charity work, mutual support and preservation of family roots. The number of fraternities established by the refugees grew with their number in Bulgaria, running parallel to and enrichment of the forms of organization: clubs emerged, ephorie (boards of trustees), cooperatives, cultural and educational scocieties, orphanages, including banks such as the Macedonian Cooperative Bank and the Macedonian Popular Bank, and the Macedonian Research Institute among others. At the beginning of May 1934 there were about 540 Macedonian refugee structures established all acros Bulgaria with 50634 regularly reported members. The activity of the Macedonian fraternities was officially terminated with Decree № 130 of 1951 of the Presidium of the National Assembly. A special circular letter of the Ministry of Justice was issued whereby the company cases of the refugee organization were transferred to the regional and district courts where single-member panels presided. The decree of the Presidium transferred the entire property of the Macedonian charity fraternities and other Macedonian organisations to the newly-established Gotse Delchev Society in Sofia.

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Componenţa etnică a absolventelor primului liceu laic de fete din oraşul Chişinău în perioada (1864‑1923) – „Liceul de fete nr. 1 al Zemstvei din Basarabia”

Author(s): Lucia Argint / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Instituţiile vechi de învăţământ fac parte dintre depozitarele patrimoniului cultural şi ştiinţific al unei societăţi. Valorificând sursele inedite ale Arhivelor Naționale a Republicii Moldova, surse ce ţin de trecutul şi evoluţia unor instituţii de învățământ cu cele mai vechi tradiţii din spaţiul dintre Prut şi Nistru, suntem în măsură să afirmăm că istoria școlii este o oglindă a societății, ea conservând mentalitatea și cultura unei epoci uitate.

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Sistemul educaţional sovietic – pârghie de modificare a identităţii în rândul cadrelor didactice din Basarabia (anii 50 – 80 ai secolului al XX‑lea)

Author(s): Angela Lisnic,Nadejda Scobioală / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Este cunoscut faptul că fenomenul educaţional a apărut ca o preocupare umană, încă din primele momente ale umanităţii, preocupare menită de a-i ajuta pe semeni să-şi perfecţioneze capacităţile de adaptare de care dispun la un moment dat. În problema scopurilor educaţiei, divergenţele au apărut mai târziu, atunci când a existat un interes în a trasa acele însuşiri umane spre care trebuie să se orienteze cu prioritate acţiunea educativă şi, legat de aceasta, a modului în care ar putea să fie influenţat individul prin educaţie. Subiectul prezentului studiu îl reprezintă analiza sistemului educaţional din perioada sovietică, aplicat la spaţiul Republicii Sovietice Socialiste Moldoveneşti (RSSM).

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On Transylvanian Jews. An Outline of a Common History

Author(s): Attila Gidó / Language(s): English

Many and from many angles have discussed the history of the Transylvanian Jewry. Yet the matter has not lost its topicality, and the possibilities of interpretation continue to be there. The paper deals with the history of the Transylvanian Jews as a history of integration, and creates a synthesis of the body of knowledge gathered until the present day in the light of that point of view, as a function of identity/ies and loyalty/ies. It covers a large time frame from the first Jews settled in the Transylvanian territory to the present-day situation. The author describes and analyses the most important events like the 1623 Edict of Prince Gabriel Bethlen (1613-1629), or the issue of the assimilation in the 19th century. The paper deals with the modern anti-Semitism, Holocaust, identity problems and with the Sionism as well. The paper makes an attempt to create a synthesis that can provide orientation in the matter for a larger audience, with only a sporadic knowledge about Transylvanian Jewry, as well as for the professionals of the field.

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Audit Culture and the Making of a “Gypsy School”. Financing Policies, Curricula, Testing and Educational Inequalities in a Romanian Town

Author(s): Zsuzsa Plainer / Language(s): English

However segregation and discrimination are very important factors that block access of Roma to quality education, there are a series of less visible phenomena also responsible for school inequalities. Aim of this paper is to understand how some of these sophisticatedly linked factors lead to the making of a "Gypsy school" in a Romanian town, a school with low educational performance and bad fame. In doing so, the notion of audit culture is introduced, understood as a set of culturally mediated norms and practices of ranking. As this approach comes into sight, one may understand how - despite the commitment shown by the Romanian policy-makers to facilitate school integration of the Roma - a series of regulations unwittingly obstruct this aim. As it is revealed below, the framing of the national financing policies may involuntarily lead to tracking the Roma children into certain schools, where - in lack of a variety of teaching materials, refined testing and a clear system of rewarding the teacher's performance - quality education becomes a hard-to-reach target. The contextuality of the bad label of a "Gypsy school" is also relevant in this research as it is either a resource, or a stigma depending of the situation.

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Albansko-jugoslovenski odnosi (1945-1948) i njihovo predstavljanje u albanskim udžbenicima za osnovnu i srednju školu

Author(s): Esilda Luku / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to analyze the economic and political relations between Albania and Yugoslavia after the Second World War and their presentation on primary and secondary school history textbooks, by offering comparative approach of the way Albanian-Yugoslav relations are treated by different schools of historiography. On July 9, 1946 the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance was signed between the Albanian Prime Minister, Enver Hoxha and the Foreign Minister of Yugoslavia, Stanoje Simic. According to it, the two countries would take the necessary measures to ensure their independence and territorial integrity in case of aggression. They engaged to collaborate for the protection of international peace and security in conformity with the principles of the United Nations and confirmed their friendship by furthering the economic and cultural cooperation. The textbooks authors described the bilateral relationship as a result of the political intentions of Beograd to turn Albania into the seventh republic of Yugoslavia. It was perceived as “the other” in regard to Yugoslav efforts to exploit the weakness of the Albanian state and the risk of domination by a foreign power, claiming to represent it diplomatically. The inclusion of Albania in the Yugoslav Federation was argued in favor of solving the difficult problem of ethnic Albanians in the Yugoslavian state. Tito insisted on the impossibility to recognize the rights of Kosovo to self-determination because of the strengthening of Serb reaction. Due to the Yugoslav pressure, the Albanian leadership under the direction of Enver Hoxha was declared against the unification of Kosovo and Albania. History schoolbooks of both socialist and post-socialist period described the deterioration of the bilateral relations when the Albanian delegation headed by Enver Hoxha and the Soviet government ended an agreement in Moscow for the development of agriculture and industry and Albania received a Soviet loan. The Yugoslav leadership accused the Central Committee of the Albanian Communist Party of the anti-Yugoslav position, putting under pressure the government of Tirana. But it was the information about the Soviet Union Central Committee’s letters, criticizing the Yugoslav leadership for its domestic and foreign policy in deviation from the Marxist principles that helped the Albanian government deal with the pressure of Yugoslav authorities. It adopted unanimously the resolution of the Information Bureau of the Communist Parties, which broke off the Yugoslav-Albanian diplomatic relations in 1948 and shifted to the pro-Soviet orientation of the Albanian government.

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UNDER THE CRESCENT AND THE STAR: THE ILLYRIAN MOVEMENT

Author(s): Vlasta Švoger / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The beginning of the publication of Novine Horvatzke (January 6, 1835) and its weekly literary supplement Danicza Horvatzka, Slavonzka y Dalmatinzka (whose owner and official editor was Ljudevit Gaj) marked the entry into the most intensive phase of the Croatian national revival. It coincided with the stronger efforts of the Hungarians to limit Croatian autonomy with the imposition of the Hungarian language, and with intense competition between the Hungarian and Croatian honorati in agrarian and commercial affairs. These circumstances encouraged the involvement of Croatian noble-men and wealthier citizens in the revival movement. At the beginning of the movement, there were two social programmes. One of them was a conservative program based on Drašković’s Disertatia, which foresaw a gradual modification of the feudal system with the aim of preserving it. The second, barely known to the public at first, was a bourgeois-liberal programme to abolish the feudal system while preserving the economic strength of the nobility. At first, it was mainly advocated by the citizenry, and by 1848 it was at least partially accepted by the nobility.

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BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS (1918-1941)

Author(s): Mario Jareb,Hrvoje Čapo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Between the two world wars, the Croatian society developed in a multinational state under the rule of the Serbian royal dynasty of Karađorđević. The newly created Yugoslavia was, as Robert Gerwarth has observed in his book The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917-1923 (p. 14) a “‘multi-national empire in miniature’, but ‘with reversed ethnic hierarchies’ than the failed Austro-Hungary Monarchy.” There are several reasons why the State of SCS united with the Kingdom of Serbia, the key ones being the military-political goals of Serbia and Italy. The Kingdom of Serbia announced at the very beginning of the war that it would fight to achieve this goal and the Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pašić understood unification as expanding the territory and creating a Greater Serbia. Furthermore, a group of Croatian, Slovenian, and Serbian politicians who had been working abroad as the Yugoslav Committee since 1915 advocated South Slavic unification. This group vehemently opposed the provisions of the secret Treaty of London of 1915, which promised Italy the Eastern Adriatic with a majority Croat population in exchange for entering the war on the side of the Entente. Finally, in the weakened Austro-Hungarian monarchy, a Yugoslav club of Croatian and Slovenian politicians who advocated a trialistic arrangement of the Monarchy was active from 1917. The Kingdom of Serbia had an international reputation and position that exceeded the influence of the Yugoslav Committee with which it negotiated the draft of the future state. The most specific result of their cooperation was the Corfu Declaration of July 1917, by which Nikola Pašić on behalf of Serbia and Ante Trumbić on behalf of the Yugoslav Committee confirmed that the new state would be based on the principles of equality and freedom of choice – only the instruments ensuring the protection of the citizens of the State of SCS were not envisaged. The state of SCS was basically an unacknowledged state formed on the ruins of the Habsburg Monarchy, as it was only recognized by the Kingdom of Serbia. It was clear that it was only a transitional solution towards unification with Serbia.

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IN SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA 1945-1990

Author(s): Zdenko Radelić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The KPJ publicly advocated democracy, private property, a just solution to the social and national issues, and freedom and equality for all nations in Yugoslavia. Its leaders claimed that the goal of the partisan movement was liberation and popular democracy. However, contrary to the declared nationwide breadth of the People’s Liberation Movement, the KPJ held the army, the security apparatus, and the propaganda. The agreement between Josip Broz Tito and Ivan Šubašić that the citizens of Yugoslavia would be the ones to decide on the state system after the war was an important precondition for the international recognition of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federalna Jugoslavija, DFJ) by the Allied powers. But the monopoly over the partisan movement enabled the Communists to create the preconditions for imposing their dictatorship. Thus, the KPJ used the struggle for the liberation of Yugoslavia – in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina also for the overthrow of the NDH – and for resolving the national question to seize power and carry out the Communist revolution. It also meant abolishing all other parties and introducing a dictatorship. Part of the HSS leadership and its president Vladko Maček fled the country just before the partisans arrived in Zagreb in 1945. The HSS operated abroad under Maček’s leadership until his death in 1964 in the United States, when he was replaced by the party’s vice president, Juraj Krnjević. August Košutić, the party’s secretary, remained in the country, where after trying to cooperate with the Communists and join the partisans he was interned and completely marginalized by the new government. In addition to the HSS, there were individuals, parties, and organizations from the Ustasha movement who were politically active in exile, including Ante Pavelić, who died in 1959 in Spain of wounds obtained in an assassination attempt.

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