ПЕРЕОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ ИДЕЙ ГЕРАКЛИТА И ПУШКИНСКИХ ОБРАЗОВ С СЕМАНТИКОЙ ОГНЯ В КНИГЕ СТИХОВ Ф. СОЛОГУБА «ПЛАМЕННЫЙ КРУГ»

Author(s): Ludmila Viktorovna Evdokimova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper considers the features of interaction between philosophical and literary reminiscences in one of neomythological texts – F. Sologub’s book of poems “The Fiery Circle”. It is argued that the philosophical ideas of Heraclitus are often expressed indirectly in F. Sologub’s book of poems, through the mythologization of A. Pushkin’s leitmotif tropes with the semantics of fire, burning, as well as through the explication of their hidden meaning. The parallels between Heraclitus’ doctrine and the Greek mysteries drawn by the philosophers of the 19th century are reflected in the mysterial aspect of Sologub’s “fiery” images connected with the symbolist concept of magic art, thereby creating a new artistic reality as an analogue of the universe structure.

ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ СТРУКТУРЫ В ЭВФЕМИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ФУНКЦИИ В РУССКОМ И ПОЛЬСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Halina Kudlińska / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper is devoted to the study of euphemization and as a pragmalinguistic category and also an indirect communication strategy with the ameliorating intent, i.e., as a means of ensuring the communication comfort and eliciting cooperation with the receiver. In the present study, a specific euphemistic device, “euphemization through negation”, in the Polish and Russian linguocultures is analyzed. Explicit and implicit models of euphemistic negation implemented in various structures and at different language levels (words, phrases, and sentences) are distinguished. Comparative analysis of this type of understatement is carried out. Its fundamental structural characteristics are indicated. The analysis reveals significant structural parallels between the Russian and Polish languages with respect to the type of euphemisms under consideration, although certain differences can also be observed. The use of negative structures in the euphemistic function is motivated by the intention to tone down the categorical character of statements.

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ЭВФЕМИЗАЦИИ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ДИСКУРСА В РУССКОМ И НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Rimma Abelkhayerovna Safina,Diana Rashidovna Khadeeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper regards comparative studying of the semantic devices of euphemization used in Russian and German political texts. Based on the public speeches of the political leaders of Russia and Germany, the distinctive features and general functions of political euphemisms as effective means to conceal the genuine sense of utterances are revealed. The most frequent semantic means of negative meaning reduction are found in both languages. They are the usage of lexemes with diffusive semantics, metaphors, diplomatic clichés, and collocations, as well as the introduction of lexemes with positive connotations, etc. The differential and common for both languages tendencies of political discourse euphemization are determined.

ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ИМЁН ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ В ЯЗЫКЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ПРОЗЫ А.С. СЕРАФИМОВИЧА

Author(s): Kamily Eduardovna Sadrieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper analyzes the aesthetic meaning of adjectives in A.S. Serafimovich’s prose. The most typical groups of adjectives are singled out based on their semantic and functional features, which are analyzed considering the main idea and problems of the prose works, as well as the author’s view of the world. Special attention is paid to the syntagmatic relations between adjectives and dependent nouns. The influence of a particular linguistic context on the semantic and emotional contents of adjectives is investigated. The semantic relations between parts of complex words are discussed. Occasionalisms used by A.S. Serafimovich are distinguished.

НЕМЕЦКО-РУССКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ 1834–35 ГГ. И ЕГО ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ

Author(s): Laysan Islamovna Akhmetsagirova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the German-Russian Dictionary of 1834–1835 and its foreign sources (the explanatory dictionaries by J.Ch. Adelung, J.H. Campe, and T. Heinsius that were well-known in the 18th and 19th centuries). The purpose of this study is to find out the lexicographic value of the German-Russian Dictionary of 1834–1835 and analyze the contribution of its authors to the development of German-Russian lexicography. On the basis of the developed method of lexicographic analysis, similarities and differences in the concept and composition of the studied dictionaries are revealed. The comparative analysis is focused on the following aspects: principles for arrangement of headwords; principles for selection of entry words; techniques of meaning discrimination; sources of phonetic, grammatical information; and illustrative examples.

ПОЭТИКА ИМЕНИ В РАННЕЙ ПРОЗЕ А.П. ЧЕХОВА: ЗООЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ОНОМАСТИКОН

Author(s): Rufiya Muslimzhanovna Imankulova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

A.P. Chekhov actively used animalistic surnames and zoonominations in his early works, thereby attributing appropriate psychological and moral qualities to his characters. As a rule, they allow to achieve the comic effect, on which the writer’s artistic world is based, as well as reveal his personal attitude to the character. A.P. Chekhov’s characters are not only given surnames, which are semantically associated with animals, birds, insects (Loshadinykh, Perepelkin, Chervyakov, etc.). The author also invents bright nominations which are semantically related to the habits of animals (Lyagavaya-Grizlova, Khryukin, Ukusilov, etc.) and animalistic nicknames (Il’ka Sobach’i Zubki, Shchur, Sychikha). Furthermore, animal names is one of the main methods of euphemization (“dissolute pig”, “silly goose”, “donkey”, etc.). The analysis of charactonyms with the zoological code shows the connection of A.P. Chekhov’s short stories with the literary tradition of that time and enables understanding of the author’s underlying ironic message.

«ЛЮБОВНЫЕ ПИСЬМА СОВСЕМ НЕ ПРИНАДЛЕЖАТ К ПИСЬМАМ…» (СПЕЦИФИКА ЖАНРА В ЭПИСТОЛЯРИИ Н.М. КАРАМЗИНА)

Author(s): Lyubov' Aleksandrovna Sapchenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The paper for the first time examines unpublished letters of N.M. Karamzin to E.A. Karamzina (nee. Kolyvanova) against the background of the examples of love letters given in “Pismovniki …” of the 18th–early 19th centuries. The purpose of this work is to present the formation of author’s individual modality in Russian literature in more detail and to show more vividly and specifically the personality traits of N.M. Karamzin by the example of his epistolary heritage. The objectives of the paper are to examine the motivic structure and composition of the letters, to describe the basic motivic complexes of an “exemplary” love letter, to trace changes in the epistolary genre at the turn of the century, and to specify the sources of love phraseology in private letters of this period (“Pismovniki …”, French sentimental novel). The study establishes a special status of a love message, as well as its exclusive right to violate the canon, to disregard the established norms and patterns, which, in turn, becomes a normative characteristic of the genre. In the letters to E.A. Karamzina, N.M. Karamzin often used ready-made expressions, certain bookish clichés. At the same time, the diverse and unpredictable reality does not fit into the paradigm of rhetorical culture. It often precludes the use of stable formulas and causes the author of the letters to develop his own unique style. The obtained results reveal genre and style originality of N.M. Karamzin’s letters to his wife, where the letters represent a universal genre that combines in itself addressing his wife with love and concern, conversations with the estate manager, information about N.M. Karamzin’s health (the mes-sages on 1805), reporting from a place of epoch-making events, interpretation of the historical mission of Russia, a prayer to God for the salvation of his loved ones and his motherland (the letters of 1812 from besieged Moscow); court chronicle, small talk, the historiographer’s diary, moral and philosophical conclusions, passionate love declarations, parental blessing, etc. (the letters of 1816 from St. Petersburg). One of the unpublished letters of N.M. Karamzin to E.A. Karamzina is presented for the first time (1805).

Derywaty z interfiksem -i- / -i/y- oraz pierwszym członem czasownikowym w języku serbskim, rosyjskim oraz polskim

Author(s): Dragana M. Ratković / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2016

The paper gives a comparative historical analysis of derivative words with the i / i/y- interfix and a verb as the first component in Serbian, Russian and Polish from the standpoint of contemporary Slavic morphology (derivatology). The aim is to provide their description in terms of semantic variation. The author ascertains that all the three languages feature a derivational model of forming expressive lexis by means of the i / i/y- interfix, predominantly nouns, of mostly humorous and pejorative meaning. A special group is formed by onyms (nicknames turned surnames, but also toponyms, oronyms, hydronyms etc). This type of words first occurred in Serbian and Russian in the thirteenth century (possibly in Serbian in the eleventh century), and in Polish in the fifteenth century. Judging by the available sources, derivatives with the i- interfix appear frequently in historical as well as modern Serbian, Polish and Russian (much more in Serbian and Polish than in Russian). In Serbian and Russian pre-nineteenth-century sources chiefly given names and nicknames-turnedsurnames were noted (in Russian, also some animal and plant names as well as abstract nouns). In Old Polish, words of the discussed kind are zoological and botanical lexemes; from Middle Polish on, the lexemes encompass all semantic categories characteristic of modern Serbian and Russian. It should, however, be stressed that the inaccessibility of the spoken language as well as the limited number of sources introduce considerable uncertainty to observations regarding the time of origin and vocabulary of the first centuries of Slavic languages. This applies especially to expressively marked lexemes, a considerable portion of which is constituted by common nouns of the “A (verb) + -i- / -i/y- + B” model. In contemporary Serbian, Polish and Russian, the lexis formed by means of this derivational model is almost equally developed conceptually and relates predominantly to the same phenomena. Expressive words in all three languages are formed in the processes of metonymisation, metaphorisation, personification, hyperbolization and grotesque, and are characterized by numerous derivational and semantic equivalents.

Образы домашних и диких животных в польских, русских и украинских паремиях

Author(s): Nadiia Melnyk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

Animalisms as the animalistic components of paremiaes play an important role in the semantic codes in Paremiology. The comparative and contrastive analysis of animalisms in the structure of Polish, Russian and Ukrainian paremiaes with the use of a biocentric approach allows us to describe the general and specific features of behaviour and characters that exist in the most widespread paremic images of wild and domestic animals. The animalistic images are typical of: the Polish, Russian and Ukrainian culture. The process of describing each category of animal which takes place in the paremiologic units supports the reconstruction of fragments of a linguistic world‑image and allows us to observe a correlation between such concepts as Animal and Human Being.

Театърът на Радко Радков. История, памет, интерпретации. Теофанó

Author(s): Galia Simeonova-Konach / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The article is dedicated to the problems of historical drama, one of the ways of interpreting the past. The study is placed in the context of the sociology of culture and the historical memory of society, with a focus on the transposition and the symbolical representation of the history of Byzantium and the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (1181 – 1396) in literature. The subject of the analysis are the works of the Bulgarian poet and playwright Radko Radkov (1940 – 2009), above all his play Theophano, written in the convention of classical drama in verse and the so-called ritual drama, according to the title of the author, a synthesis of text borrowed from Old Bulgarian Literature, and Byzantine hymnograohy, inspired visually by the images of the Middle Age Miniatures included in Codex Vaticanus Slav II. The historical theme in the work of Radko Radkov is substantially different from the interpretation of the Bulgarian history of other Bulgarian writers of the second half of the 20th Century, by which the author is opposing the ideological constructs of the official authorities during this period. The playwright has found semiotic and stylistic devices that recreate the classical past of the people, the orthodox Christianity and culture in the universal perspective of the Byzantine Commonwealth, and artistically voice his historiosophic views concerning Bulgarian national history and the Byzantine-Bulgarian cultural community. The paper analyses the tribulations of the performance of Theophano, staged in Bulgaria by the French Director Pierre Della Torre, who sees in the poetic world of Radko Radkov “the monumental force of the masters of French theatre, Racine and Corneille“.

Словоредните различия между българския и руския език – източник на синтактична интерференция

Author(s): Elena Hadjieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The word order of Bulgarian sentence has common general principles with the other Slavic languages, but is also characterized by its specific features. Reflecting the logical criteria of thinking the word order is one of the most stable features of linguistic reality. The article discusses the reasons for the difficulty in mastering the Bulgarian word order features by foreigners – native Russianс. It is emphasized that tha unsufficient knowledge of the foreign language system on the one hand, and the intervention of native-language habit, on the other hand, are the factors that shape this interference phenomenon characterized by significant stability and consistency in the practice of language learners. The process is further complicated when learning a foreign language system is akin significant number of linguistic phenomena and categories overlap in the native and the foreign language, and regarding to the other – there are no structural equivalents. The learning of word order features of the target language is a prerequisite for building a good linguistic competence and thus follows the formation of communicative ability in learners, that is the main purpose of foreign language learning.

Трансфер и интерференция при изучаването на български език като чужд от славяни

Author(s): Elena Krejčová / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The linguistic phenomena we encounter in teaching Bulgarian as a foreign language are focused not only on the field of psycholinguistics, but also to the vast field of applied linguistics and linguistic pragmatics. Having on mind the genetic proximity between Slavic languages and the specific difficulties in studying them, we focus our attention on a not so typical linguistic interference, namely between very close – Slavic – languages, one of them is a mother, first language. In the proces of teaching of Bulgarian as a foreign language of Slavs even greater role has the comparative and confrontational analysis, because the aim is to highlight the differences between Bulgarian and other closely related languages that can be a prerequisite for any errors, distortions arising from language contacts observed by us in this specific psycholinguistic situation. The text reflects the problems of tranfer and interference between Czech and Bulgarian in the proces of their study. There are some defenitions of the proces of transfer and interference from psycholinguistical point of view and then language material with examples of the interference in the process of translation.

Концепцията на проф. Марин Дринов за новобългарския книжовен език

Author(s): Nadezhda Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

Marin Drinov was one of the first Bulgarian scientists that continues and enriches the tradition born during the Bulgarian national revival of developing the Bulgarian literary language by analyzing it on a broad scientific basis and at the level of the philological scientific thought of his time. What impresses in his concept on the Bulgarian literary language was his ability to summarize and analyze vast factual material, and with a brief expression to characterize the multidimensional and complex linguistic phenomena and processes. The scientist and educator in practice took a lot of care and effort to make the correct device of our speech and of unified spelling. The philological studies of Marin Drinov were precious and they were a part of the new Bulgarian language history. They were directly related to those processes and phenomena that led to the realization of the necessity of a unified standardized and codified language system which represented and defined the literary language characteristics of the nation.

Професор Марин Дринов и колекцията от славянски ръкописи на Българската национална библиотека

Author(s): Elena Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

The article represents some of the most famous Slavic manuscripts from the collection of the National Library “St. st. Cyril and Methodius”, received in the early twentieth century, acquired from the archive and the personal library of Professor Marin Drinov, leading Bulgarian scientist researching Bulgarian and South Slavic literature, history and culture and one of the leading lecturers in Kharkov University in Bulgarian history and literature. The author also briefly discusses some of M. Drinov’s papers related to various historical and philological projects on original texts of old Bulgarian literature as well as some written by famous Byzantine writers.

Лекторатът по български език, литература и култура във Форли, Италия – поглед отвътре

Author(s): Laska Laskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

Обучение в междукултурно общуване и литература

Author(s): Mina Hubenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

This paper attempts to put forward some problems of foreign language teaching in relation to cross-cultural communication. The introduction of cross-cultural issues in foreign language teaching is a logical consequence of the integrative tendencies which are getting more and more popular. The new circumstances require a different attitude towards the learners They should be viewed as subjects of their own culture on the one hand, and as representatives of the foreign culture through the language studied, on the other hand. The problem is discussed in terms of its cognitive, emotional and pragmatic dimensions. The acquisition of proper language communication is placed within the context of cross-cultural education.

Потенциальные явления в грамматике современного русского языка (вторичные имперфективы)

Author(s): Boris Yustinivich Norman / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

The present article is concerned with potential grammatical facts of modern Russian. The verbs with imperfective meaning (secondary imperfectives), i.e. обуславливать, оспаривать, уполномачивать, обезбаливать etc., are considered as such. In terms of language development, secondary imperfectives actively expand their sphere of usage; which is shown in graphs and tables. Special attention is given to the phonemic alternation of о and а in verbal roots. In this way both suffixation (suffix -ива-) and internal inflection (о/а) co-occur in this process. It is concluded that grammatical function of imperfectivation outweighs, wins over the unity of phonological structure of the word.Similar phenomena in Bulgarian (написвам, отшумявам etc.), where secondary imperfectivation is regarded as a clear manifestation of grammaticalization, serve as a background for imperfectives in Russian.

Учебные тексты: антиномии и типологии

Author(s): Leonid Moskovkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

The article provides the definition of the training text, the description of its main functions, the analysis of linguodidactic antinomies: training and non-training texts, authentic and non-authentic texts, verbal and polycode texts. The typology of training texts, conditioned by the content of foreign language teaching, includes the texts for teaching the aspects of the language, four language skills and culture phenomena. The authentic texts include not only the original texts, but also adapted texts and the texts written by the teachers.

Понятие «владение языком» в российской методической литературе

Author(s): Leonid Moskovkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

The article deals with different approaches to interpreting the concept “language proficiency” in Russian linguopedagogical works. The types of the language proficiency (active/passive, productive/receptive, translation based / non translation based, conscious/unconscious, intuitive-sensitive/rational-logical) are analyzed. The main characteristics of this concept are given. The language proficiency is interpreted as speech competence, as a set of speech skills.

Научно-популярный текст XXI века: лингвистическая публицистика

Author(s): Valeriy Efremov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

The paper is devoted to analyse the popular form of modern literature concerning language – linguistic journalism. In the article the history and genesis of this genre are described, a typology of the genre is researched, the limits and aim of such texts are explored. Special attention is paid to the dictionary as a form of linguistic journalism