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Popiół ze Sztokholmu

Author(s): Tymoteusz Skiba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Cynthia Ozick’s 1987 novel, "The Messiah of Stockholm", has been reviewed all over the world. In the United States, where Ozick is considered a major writer, it has been received very well, while in Europe it has been acknowledged mainly thanks to its connectionto Bruno Schulz. It was a clever marketing move, a part of Ozick’s creative writing strategy. Even though her novel has provoked many objections (poor content and form, lack of authenticity, empty generalizing), it has a certain charm which is quite difficultto resist. The present review is an attempt to shed some light on that specific feature of Ozick’s writing.

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O „Portrecie psubrata” i dyskursywizowaniu Schulza

Author(s): Filip Szałasek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Edward Mielniczek’s novel, as unattractive in many respects as it is, surprises the reader with Bruno Schulz as its protagonist. The author presents the last weeks of Schulz’s life, stressing no so much his tragic lot, but his efforts to keep his personal identity underthe Nazi occupation. The narration, rooted in the tradition of a psychological thriller,denies the received portrayal of Schulz and his vicissitudes as material for “reflective”or “philosophical” discourses. In spite of its many weaknesses – simplistic language, scanty descriptions, and unnatural dialogs – Mielniczek’s forgotten deserves to be reintroduced among texts focusing on the writer from Drogobych.

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Dlaczego Bruno Schulz nie chciał być pisarzem żydowskim (o „wymazywaniu” żydowskości w „Sanatorium pod Klepsydrą” i „Sklepach cynamonowych”)

Author(s): Stefan Chwin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2014

The absence of the Drogobych synagogue in Bruno Schulz’s fiction suggests his strategy of erasing all the traces of his cultural identity. Next to that absence, one can notice his significant choice of names – to realize that, it is enough to compare Schulz’s short storieswith Julian Stryjkowski’s novel, "Austeria". Apparently, Schulz eliminated from his represented world all Jewish connotations. His use of foreign words, borrowed from different languages, may be explained as an effort to make his fiction as cosmopolitan as possible.This refers not just to the represented reality, but to the very structure of Schulz’s imagination and his linguistic sensibility. The writer did not renounce his Jewishness, but wantedit to be only one component of his fiction. Biblical references and the paraphernalia ofthe Jewish culture were to be just one piece in a multicultural narrative mosaic which tended toward universality.

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Schulz czytany przez Henri Lewiego

Author(s): Tomasz Stróżyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2014

Essay on Heni Lewi's "Bruno Schulz ou les Stratégies messianiques".

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Wspomnienie o Schulzu

Author(s): Izabela Czermakowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2014

In Izabela Czermakowa’s memory, Bruno Schulz appears to be a writer that attracted people’s attention and had many occasions to socialize with the “high society,” not only in Drogobych. Yet he was so shy that those who met him could not understand either him or his work. “I have bought "Cinnamon Shops" by your friend Schulz. Honestly,I cannot understand anything of it. Why should anyone write like this and for whom?I have no idea why Warsaw is so enchanted, perhaps it’s just snobbery?” This commentary by an engineer who invited Schulz to dinner organized for a group of friends was not a spontaneous reaction to Schulz’s fiction, but a belated complaint on the author’s behavior since he was unable to reciprocate the appreciation of those who knew him and accidental readers.

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Krytyka turystyczna

Author(s): Filip Szałasek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2014

"A Guide to Bruno Schulz" [Bruno Schulz. Przewodnik], published by Krytyka Polityczna,could be an opportunity to shed some new light on the writer’s work, but it turns out a failure. Even though the publisher believes that Schulz’s fiction and drawings are a challenge to the human sciences, the essays included in the volume are superficial and disappointing. The reviewer analyzes particular elements of the collection – interpretive essayson Schulz’s fiction, film studies, and short stories and comics based on Schulz’s works– to conclude that they are inadequate and, as regards the comics and short stories, quite expendable.

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Zachwyt Ficowskiego

Author(s): Stanisław Rosiek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

Schulz studies were born of rapture. In 1943 Jerzy Ficowski wrote a short study on Bruno Schulz, bound it, and titled it "Regions of Great Heresy". That event can be now called the founding act of Schulz studies. Commenting on his work many years later, Ficowski realized that its permanent element was his rapture and the title to be assigned to more and more comprehensive versions of his early study. Schulz had attracted the critics’ interest already before, but the early critical reviews were all in one way or another involved in current literary debates in which Schulz represented the “regions of great heresy.” His death in 1942 changed the situation immediately since it excluded him from any future dialog. Not knowing about it, Ficowski wrote a letter to Schulz, hoping that the writer would respond, but the dead do not write letters. His rapture Ficowski translated into his study of Schulz. Today we know that it was a work of his lifetime, thanks to which Schulz, after years of marginalization and even absence, survived in literature. Ficowski was the founder of Schulz studies. Many readers have approached his Regions of Great Heresy as a document, a genuine source of information. Equally important is a trilogy also prepared by Ficowski, including, first, the "Book of Letters", second, the "Book of Images", and now it is high time we had the "Book of Memories". It should consist of the letters wrritten to Ficowski by the witnesses of Schulz’s life.

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Filatelistyczne inklinacje Brunona Schulza i Waltera Benjamina

Author(s): Ireneusz Łysik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

In Schulz’s short story “Spring” the interest in stamps and a stamp album, which plays the role of a quasi-mystical Book, equals fascination with distant, exotic realms located outside the familiar. It is also a praise of imagination, since in Rudolf’s hands a collection of stamps was nothing but a mere collection, while in Joseph’s hands it acquired its peculiar extra meaning. The author adds new meanings to the story by considering the stamp album in the context of Walter Benjamin’s understanding of time and the task of the historian. Using Benjamin’s concepts of the “homogeneously empty time,” the nonlinear “historical time,” and the distinction between two types of the “present,” Łysik succeeds in revealing the reasons why Schulz chose for his story an unusual narrative strategy related to the activity of the historian according to Benjamin. The passage from stamps to fiction is successful, but will the protagonists manage to make what they sawin the stamp album come true? The answer must remain ambiguous, just like Benjamin’s thought between translating "The Paris Peasant" by Aragon and writing "One-Way Street".

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Komentowanie i oczywistości

Author(s): Stanisław Rosiek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

The author makes a general statement that writers such as Bruno Schulz, who do not help their audience interpret their texts, require commentary that is potentially boundless. Referring to the tradition of Polish editorship and textual studies, he specifies the list of tasks of the commentator – in this case the commentator of Schulz’s fiction – which includes explaining not only the meaning(s) of particular lexical items or cultural allusions, but also all the potential ambiguities at the level of interpretation. This is why, according to Rosiek, commentary occupies the space between “lexiconand interpretation,” and there are no rules that may help a particular editor find hisor her way about there. The most important universal directive it to explain virtually everything since the continuity of culture, connecting different generations is no longer a fact, if it ever was one.

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Zwycięski Schulz w koronie

Author(s): Filip Szałasek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

"Labirynty Brunona Schulza" is an attempt to look at the writer’s output through the prism of occult knowledge, particularly the works of Aleister Crowley. Adam Wosiak searches in Schulz’s fiction for the images of a world that is degraded and based on opposites, to compare them with similar pictures drawn from ancient myths, the Internet,and esoteric knowledge. The reviewer considers such an attempt as an natural stage in Schulz’s reception. Writers who, like the author of "Cinnamon Shops", give the reader much interpretive liberty sooner or later must be interpreted in strange and extravagant ways. "Labirynty" is not only a superficial, but also a surprisingly arbitrary reading of Schulz. The text, illustrations, and bibliography make a collage of accidental elements which add little or nothing to the understanding of Schulz’s fiction.

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Czytanie bibliografii

Author(s): Wioleta Dereszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

The author is interested in the results of reading a writer’s bibliography. She approacheda chronological record of publications in an unusual way. As a rule, bibliographies are made for those readers of a given writer’s output, who are interested in his/her career and look for less known works. Still, reading a chronological register which focuses on cause-and-effect links connecting publications, one may discover in a writer’s career fascinating facts. Jerzy Ficowski’s bibliography also reveals a number of interesting questions. A meticulously ordered list shows a number of his avatars – those of a Schulz scholar, a poet, an expert on the Gypsy culture, and a social and political activist.

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Demiurg jest dwoistością. Alfred Kubin i Bruno Schulz – próba porównania

Author(s): Krzysztof Lipowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

Both Bruno Schulz and Aflred Kubin moved freely between image and word. In their artistic quests they first turned toward the iconic and only then chose the verbal art.In Schulz’s work, the relationship between woman and man is reduced to adoration. Schulz’s man knows that the beauty he admires is beyond his reach, while Kubin reaches further. For him, the sexual act means loss of masculinity. The Austrian draughtsman approaches sexual desire as difficult to control, sometimes animal in its forms, whilefor Schulz desire is subtler and more sublimated. Both Schulz and Kubin addressed theproblem of limited and imperfect reality which sustains the artist’s imagination while he tries to improve it. Both also surprised the audience with their teriomorphic ideas.In the age when most painters preferred chromatic richness, both Kubin and Schulz chose drawing and etching. They preferred techinques which stressed the realtionship of light and color. White and black, making an ascetic combination, let them achieve the maximum of expression. Their works are visions of somnambulists.

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Schulz dadaistą? Parodystyczna krytyka kultury europejskiej w opowiadaniu Brunona Schulza „Dodo”

Author(s): Marcin Całbecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

The essay is an interpretation of a story from "The Sanatorium under the Sign of an Hourglass". Its most important frame of reference is the history of European culture, since apparently Schulz parodied in his text two key currents of the Mediterranean tradition: the heritage of the Greek philosophy and the Judeo-Christian thought. What seems to prompt such a hypothesis is the language convention used to present the two male protagonists of the story. The handicapped title hero, Dodo, is introduced as if he were an ancient philosopher, while Uncle Jerome, mentally ill, resembles the heroes of saints’ lives. Such a choice of the conventions appears to serve the purpose of parodying the European tradition, particularly that both protagonists are male. The target of the parodymay be the patriarchal model of culture on which both pillars of the Old Continent heritage actually rest. This idea stands in tune with the avant-garde tendencies of theearly 20th century, particularly the Dadaist program of rejecting the whole tradition of European culture.

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Fantasmagorie. Rozważania o filmowej wyobraźni Brunona Schulza

Author(s): Paweł Sitkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

The article is devoted to Schulz’s connections to the cinema, both as a viewer and asa writer. Since we do not know much about his experiences as a moviegoer from his artor letters, the author tries to recreate it on the basis of the collective experience of Schulz’s generation which was often heavily influenced by the cinema. The second part of the article focuses on Schulz’s cinematic writing. The author tries to prove that Schulz’s peculiar literary imagination which, according to many scholars and critics, takes its root in the image, not the word, was to some extent inspired by the early cinema or the cinema of attractions. The conclusion is that the interpreter of Schulz’s work has the right to treat his older brother’s movie theater in Drohobych as an important part of Schulz’s private mythology.

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Jak wydawać Brunona Schulza. Próba opisania kanonu edytorskiego

Author(s): Stanisław Rosiek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

The article aims to present a critical project of publishing the literary and artistic works by Bruno Schulz in a uniform edition. Few readers realize that Schulz’s fiction exists intwo editorial versions: the anonymous Cracow edition (published several times since1957) and the Wrocław edition (prepared by Jerzy Jarzębski for the National Library series in 1989). The differences between them are not essential, but they call for a critical intervention which is not an easy task.

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РОЛЬ ПОЛЬСЬКИХ ЗАПОЗИЧЕНЬ У ФОРМУВАННІ МОВНОЇ КАРТИНИ СВІТУ УКРАЇНЦІВ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ПИСЕМНИХ ПАМ’ЯТОК XVI–XVII СТ.)

Author(s): Svitlana Grytsenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2015

Linguists’ great interest to the problem of borrowing lexical polonisms and their adaptation into the system of a language-recipient is caused by their wide use in Ukrainian literature of the XVI-XVIIth centuries. Discovered Ukrainian sources of the researched period demonstrate ideographic divercity of Polish lexical borrowings that allows modeling the structure of language mapping of the world, solving the problem whether borrowings enrich the structure of language concepts or just vary the means of conceptual expressions that were formed in the past and already exist in the language.

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ЛІНГВАЛІЗАЦІЯ САКРАЛЬНО-ХТОНІЧНОГО В ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНО-АВТОРСЬКІЙ КАРТИНІ СВІТУ М. КОЦЮБИНСЬКОГО (НА ПРИКЛАДІ КОНЦЕПТУ ЧОРТ)

Author(s): Tetyana Vilchynska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2015

This article deals with the analysis of the concept DEVIL as a representative of the sacral and chthonic spheres of M. Kotsyubynskiy’s story “Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors”. Nominative field, semantics and axiological features of this concept have been considered in the research. It has been found out that DEVIL in studied texts is characterized by an extensive system of names; it is polysemantic, ambivalent and manifests itself as a constant of Ukrainian linguistic culture and individual author’s concept.

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АВТОРСЬКІ ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЇ ОБРАЗУ ПУБЛІЯ ОВІДІЯ НАЗОНА В ПОЛЬСЬКІЙ, АВСТРІЙСЬКІЙ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРАХ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

Author(s): Ivan Davydenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2014

The article deals with the problem of Ovidius phenomenon in the context of general principles of the interpretation theory. The understanding of the artist’s fate in Polish, Austrian and Ukrainian literature of the second half of the 20th century has been investigated. The work also exposes the peculiarity of the ancient Roman writer’s transformation from a historical personality into a literary image.

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У ПОШУКАХ ВЛАСНОГО ЧАСОПРОСТОРУ. ХРОНОТОП ПОДОРОЖІ У ТВОРЧОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ І ПОЛЬСЬКИХ ПИСЬМЕННИЦЬ

Author(s): Myroslava Krupka / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2014

Comparative analysis of novels Field Work in Ukrainian Sex by Oxana Zabuzhko and Runners by Olga Tokarchuk is within the scope of the reseacher’s interest in the article. The theme of a journey is in the centre of study; interpreted in the categories of existential search and revealed through the concepts of language, history, motherland, nation, family and home. The conclusion is related to the similarity of using of the image of a journey as a pattern of self-identification in contemporary Ukrainian and Polish literature.

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DYKTATURA HISTORII, AMFETAMINA GEOGRAFII: EUROPA ZWANA SRODKOW;\ W ESEJACH JURIJA ANDRUCHOWYCZA I ANDRZEJA STASIUKA

Author(s): Anna Stryjakowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

The article deals with the concept of Central Europe in the essays by Yuri Andrukhovych and Andrzej Stasiuk collected in the book My Europe. Both authors try to deconstruct the spatial categories deeply rooted in the collective consciousness, at the same time proving to be reproducers of the regressive mental schemes generated inside the European discourse.

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