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2016 рік став для „Питань літературознавства” ювілейним – науковому збірнику виповнилося 50 років. Це півсторіччя цікавої і драматичної історії розвитку української філологічної науки, що засвідчила суттєві ідеологічні переакцентування внаслідок радикального зламу соціального устрою, точкою біфуркації якого став 1991 рік. Період функціонування видання розколовся навпіл: 25 радянських років і 25 років незалежної України.
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The article focuses on the imagological analysis of Mykhaylo Kotsubynskyi’s creative work. Russian ethnic artistic images of a famous Ukrainian impressionist have been analyzed in the context of a social-political situation in Ukraine at the turn of the XIX th– XXth сenturies.
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The paper analyzes the results of a research on the popularity of Schulz in today’s Drogobych, conducted there in 2014 as a basis of the M.A. thesis titled "The (Un)knownSchulz. Reconstructing the Memory of Bruno Schulz in Drogobych" [(Nie)znany Schulz.Proces odtwarzania pamięci o Brunonie Schulzu w Drohobyczu]. It shows the knowledge of the town’s present population about Schulz. The respondents answered a number of questions concerning his life and work, as well as their personal attitude toward thewriter. The information obtained provides an answer to the title question: “Is Bruno Schulz well-known in Drogobych?”
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The article deals with the policy manifestos of the famous Ukrainian poet-futurist Mykhailo Semenko. They reflect fundamental regulations assumed as the basis of his Quero-Futurism and Pan-futurism theories.
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In article discusses creative path of prominent Ukrainian filmmaker Sergey Parajanov who was producer-innovator of the twentieth century and artists of Ukrainian poetic cinema which left a footprint in the world cinema. Producer was a prominent representative of Independent art which was formed in Ukrainian during the political “thaw”. Parajanov received wide recognition as a producer in Ukrainian, Georgian and Armenian cinematography of his films include professional skill profound philosophical thinking, knowledge, of national folklore and music expressive language film. Poetry? Pictoral and musicality are imbued with all his films.
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Taras Shevchenko - the pride of the Ukrainian people, torch of the Ukrainian and foreign culture. His creative word was devastated to protect the national dignity and pushed society to recovery and self-assertion to Ukrainians as a nation. But Shevchenko's essence, in our opinion, is the brightest and most powerful found themselves in search of truth, unity of man and the ways of eternal life. The social enslavement and corruption of nation were turn him to works that have intertwined national historic era of spiritual and moral values of Christian ethical Ukrainian canons. Peculiar interpretation, philosophical understanding and interpretation T. Shevchenko Biblical truths studied by many scientists (I. Ohiyenko, B. Lepkyj, Y. Sverstyuk, D. Stepovyk, I. Dziuba, M. Zhulynsky i O. Zabuzhko and others). Shevchenko`s phenomenon is devoted to the exploration of B. Barca, E. Sverstyuk, D. Stepovyk, I. Dziuba, V. Pakharenko, D. Dmytrenko, L. Tretiak. But the problem of Shevchenko religious was as his life and work will remain relevant, especially in nowadays. Ukraine as "prophetic word" for Shevchenko had an impotent meaning and irresistible force, awakens the desire to be a real nation, and promotes spiritual and conscious development. Poet use to say to God all his global ideas, his excitement. And thiswas not a profanity, not a blasphemy. That was the sincerity and enthusiasm of the biblical heralds. Taras Shevchenko said patiently, defiantly, frankly, with bitterness and insult the Savior, then asked, then demanded with such words: "In anger he becomes a prophet, in humility transforms into as an apostle; it just goes to prayer, his humility holds in a feat of love and forgiveness, every feeling he brings to the religious fervor and in his every word. Let it be for the great national poet, priest and victim of its people", - wrote K. Chukovski .
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The article reveals the lifespan and professional activity of a well-known poltavian, professor VolodymyrShchepotiev. He is highly acknowledged in history as a talented pedagogue, who experienced the growth from a teacher of the Ukrainian literature to the professor, rector of Poltava institution of Folk Education. Being a person with encyclopedic knowledge, as well as being keen on the history of the Ukrainian language and folklore V. O. Shchepotiev applied the folklore patterns and samples in his work. V. O. Shchepotiev was a talented scholar, researcher, and organizer of scientific lifestyle of the region. He wasthe first who initiated establishing of Poltava scientific society, was on good terms with Ukrainian Academy of Science in Kiev, as well as with scientific establishments in Kharkiv. He was the one who organized and subsequently maintained the regional archive while systematizing documents and ordering personal archives. Professor initiated the onset of local history investigations. He personally headed the department of folklore and language in regional museum and at that time he developed the structures of expositions, and systematized the museum collections. He would numerously visited the villages of Poltava to discover historical and cultural as well as ethnographical items and to convert them into museum display objects. V. O. Shchepotiev played an extremely significant role in establishing and developing the theatre and music arts in Poltava region. He was in charge of one of the part of Poltava drama theatre and was one of the talented stage director. He gave his educational lectures to people before the concert programs of the choir "Boyan" which were devoted to folklore and local history. The contemporaries would estimate V. O. Shchepotiev’s music talent, who wrote music compositions, played different music instruments. He, ultimately, was the first who started the scientific investigation of M.V. Lysenko’s biography and creative heritage. The translations of poetry and prose from French, Polish, in particular the poetry by Beranger, libretto for several operas composed an integral part of his literary heritage. His creative and scientific activity was broken down with political repression of the power of the Soviet Union. He was arrested and convicted to administrative exile according to a trial case of SVU and afterwards he was shot away in 1937.
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The major points, which were covered by our research, may be summarized as follows. Vladimir Nikolayevich Peretz has considered an outstanding figure of the scientist, academician, collector of literary monuments. Is held a comprehensive analysis of the life, activity and scientific heritage of academician V. N. Peretz. Based on the significant amount of the studied sources, reflected biography Vladimir Peretz in the cultural – historical process, as his discoverer, on the one hand, and his creator on the other. In a study for the first time comprehensively researched creative legacy of a scientist. In our study we identified the influence of external factors on the formation and evolution of views Vladimir Nikolayevich Peretz. In the process on the biographical analysis were determined his sociopolitical, historical, scientific opinion related to the achievements of world culture. His contribution was set to the cultural heritage of the nation. His activity on the background of cultural-historical development and the struggle of the Ukrainian national idea of the late XIX – early XX century was investigated. The role in maintaining and attracting in the scientific use of national values was defined. In study was highlighted his work on the formation of research centers in Ukraine. The role of Vladimir Nikolayevich in the revival of Ukrainian culture and transfer of intellectual and cultural heritage for future generations was analysed. His place among the Ukrainian scientists of late XIX – early XX century has determined. So, were analyzed the major milestones of the life and activities V. N. Peretz, evaluated his contribution in the development of the theory and history of culture. End of XIX – beginning of the XX century was characterized by the development of cultural and creative potential based on defending the Ukrainian national idea. This was accompanied by the creation of spiritual values (language, literature, art, science, education, etc.), search, preservation and dissemination of intangible heritage. A major achievement in the development of the Ukrainian national idea became statement of the unique ethno-cultural, spiritual identity and values of Ukrainian culture. Realizing this has become a fundamental cultural and creative activity Vladimir Nikolayevich. Cultural and creative activity should be understood as an activity aimed at the development of culture, including search, collection, research, and cultural transmission to future generations. Consequently, the activity of V. N. Peretz promoted cultural progress, which included the creation of conditions for the development of culture and its study. He was engaged in the research, collecting work, the formation of the library and museum collections, holding archeographic and ethnographic expeditions, descriptions of manuscripts and early printed books. Exploring the sights of the historical past of the Ukrainian ethnos, he opened the unknown and little-known phenomenon of the historical facts of the national culture, including the ancient Ukrainian literature. In the scientific revolution were introduced numerous facts of history and theory of literary criticism. His master's and doctoral dissertation were both research and the publication of a large number of Ukrainian Study materials. Vladimir Nikolayevich Peretz has developed a fruitful research and teaching work in the field of literary Ukrainian: an overview of the history of Ukrainian literature first began to teach the history of Ukrainian literature. He also taught the history of European theater and drama, was a reviewer Prime Kiev theater , sought out and published sights of the ancient theater, writing articles on the history of theater, criticized the publication of Drama . He defended the rights of the Ukrainian language, literature and culture who have been harassed by the tsarist. Significant role in the investigation of a large array of Ukrainian cultural and historical material played "seminaries Russian philology under the guidance of professor V. N. Peretz' and activism scientist in scientific societies. Over a lifetime, the researcher has accumulated and processed the vast documentary material Ukrainian history. The collection has become a large collection of teachings and valuable private collection of old. Came out a lot of research on the history of Ukrainian culture, language, literature and art. His collections have become a new major contribution of the source in the Ukrainian Fund of Culture, uncovered a number of aspects of literary relations between Ukraine and Poland, Russia and other countries. So, he filled the cultural space of the time the scientific facts and source material, which led to an understanding of Ukrainian mentality. This direction was decisive in the early stage of the study Ukrainian culture. Thanks to his tireless work devoted to the identification of the national culture, the global cultural space became revived, popularized distinctive Ukrainian culture.
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Ukrainian romanticists, having put the grass-roots language into the foundation of the national and cultural revival and abandoning the legacy of the Baroque, made a fatal mistake. Its consequences can be clearly seen now, namely – they identified traditional folk and national cultures, thus creating masscult concept of populism. At the turn of the 18th century, as Tamara Hundorova mentions in her book called "Kitsch and Literature. Travesties", popular Ukrainian literature evolved and special kind of kitsch was born, which can now be called colonial. And it is at this time when vernacular acquires features of a subculture that is a sort of burlesque Little-Russian style, which survived until today in the form of the language-mix kitsch. The Little-Russian style is a mass culture product that began to emerge in the late 18th century. And even earlier – in the 17th century, when puppet-theater drama was well known throughout Ukraine, popularly called Vertep. Therefore, Vertep was probably first to have legitimized mass culture of the Little-Russian style. At that time, there were prevalent forms of popular culture such as amateur paintings, adventure literature, exotic travels and masquerades. The Little-Russian style was not unsuccessfully sustained by imperial mechanisms directed against the cultural identity of Ukraine. Understanding the masscult concept of populism in specific historic and social contexts attempts to summarize in culture, philosophy, art, and in the field of political mindsets. In light of the first context, unlike the European culture, the Ukrainian culture, as part of imperial, never experienced similar capitalist fervor of the nineteenth century and was based on conservative ideology of the nobility and governors-general, and could not build its own perception of the world. The second context – the non-canonical subordination of the Ukrainian church to Moscow in the 17th century meant nothing but the establishment of the colonial style in the spiritual sphere, which led to strong assimilation processes and fatal destruction of the authentic nature of the Ukrainian culture’s, according to Oksana Palkhovska. The third historic and social context is in separation of the Ukrainian people relentlessly and tirelessly cultivated by Russia. The fourth context dimension follows from the third one – the loss by Ukraine of its elitist cultural face. Finally, the fifth historical context of masscult concept of populism summarizes all the previous – separation of the Ukrainian culture from European, depriving it of communication tools. Therefore, the masscult concept of populism, as slave culture, assumed certain ideological struggle with the dominant and absorbing culture. This is its inherent positive pattern under colonial existence. On the other hand, populist unitarity, it's pathetic element, mythological origin and verve are inseparable from imitation of the national character, provinciality, brute populace and colonial kitsch. The Ukrainian populism existed beyond the parameters of cultural discourse of the era, but in its own local parameters often bound to issues of self-preservation and identity: nation, nationality, culture and renaissance. Populism, as an organic philosophy of any society under specific historic and economic conditions, is always on guard of national identity in transition from one historical formation to another. Its mission is exhausted at this point though. If the masscult concept of populism fails to "grow" into its transition phase, it becomes a destructive factor in the era of mature civilization. This is what actually happened to the Ukrainian populism. After two centuries of imperialist experimentation, its code undergone such complex modifications that its epidemic became a deadly threat to the whole Ukrainian identity in Ukraine itself and worldwide, despite the carved out national independence.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze functional aspects of the title as detail in the works by William Saroyan (Corduroy Pants) and Nikolay Gogol (The Overcoat) by making use of structural-semantic method. The title as an artistic detail is a constituent element of dynamic textual microstructure in both short stories. In the essay we are concentrating on the analysis of two ‘portrait details’ (‘corduroy pants’ and ‘overcoat’) ‘moving’ throughout the entire text, thus revealing their thematic implications. By juxtaposing stylistic devices the two writers employ, we demonstrate the originality of Saroyan’s artistic method. In both works title as a detail (an attribute of clothing) is repeated multiple times and becomes a leitmotif. For the fictional characters in both stories it becomes not only necessity but an object of their dreams. Their entire spiritual aspirations, innermost wishes and desires are subordinated to the sole goal of getting an overcoat in Gogol’s short story and corduroy pants in Saroyan’s. Gogol describes the social milieu sarcastically and in the final analysis the story has a tragic ending. The social aspect of Saroyan’s story is marked by Chekhovian irony and the story on the whole is permeated with optimistic spirit as it is generally characteristic of the entire body of Saroyan’s writing.
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In the article I analyze how the concept of “Ukraine between East and West” is reflected in the contemporary literary texts by an example of three monographs on Valery Shevchuk’s prose. The authors of these monographs define Valeriy Shevchuk’s prose as a synthesis of elements derived from the Ukrainian traditions and folklore, as well as from trends and tendencies of Western literature.
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Review of: Поетика українських перекладів Вергарна [Рецензія на книгу: Кравець Я. Український Еміль Вергарн (критика, перегуки, переклади)]. – Львів : Тріада плюс, 2016. – 344 с.]
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This article is an attempt to give a synthetic overview of the phenomenon of modernity in the Ukrainian literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It considers the problem of the Europeanization of Ukrainian culture and presents different views of researchers on the phenomenon of modernism.
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The paper focuses on the issue of retranslation perceived as a significant aspect of contemporary practice of literary translation into Ukrainian, exemplified by the cases of the retranslation of short stories by Bruno Schulz and Tadeusz Konwicki’s „Minor Apocalypse”. The emergence of new translations within a short time encourages questions about the ambitions that drove translators and publishers to present new translations of the previously translated literary works, as well as about the strategies used by translators.
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The article is devoted to political, cultural and mental diversity of Donbass from the rest of Ukraine. The author shows the uniqueness of this region as a result of a complex and contradictory history, as well as the effect of permanent social, economic and ethnocultural processes of a colonial and totalitarian character. This is the reason for the hybrid identity of local residents. Later on, more space is devoted to the work of two writers — Ukrainian-speaking Serhiy Zhadan and Ukrainian-Russian-speaking Vladimir Rafeenko.
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In this article, the elements of domination in the works of Russian novel, story and playwright Nikolay Vasiliyevich Gogol of Ukrainian origin were discussed. In this study, which is carried out within the scope of all the works of Gogol, content analysis technique from qualitative research methods is adopted. In the article, the issues that are subject to domination are discussed in the context of the relations that emerged as an extension of asymmetric power relations. In the investigations carried out within the scope of the study, it was determined that the elements of domination that stand out in Gogol's works are becoming clearer in terms of personal wealth, position/authority and nobility. In addition, it was revealed that the dominance of the domination reflected in the family relations. In conclusion, this article emphasizes the negative aspects of the elements of domination and states the conditions and conditions under which the elements of dominance may be needed as a requirement of certain conditions or organizational structures. The need has been highlighted and the need for additional studies approaching from the point of view of this study has been emphasized.
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The article deals with the analysis of the problem of the interpersonal relations in Ukrainian drama of 1920-1930-ies. The particular attention has been paid to two main aspects — the struggle of the generations in the family and the relationships between a man and a woman. The problem has been analyzed in the context of the social and political events at that time.
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Przedmiotem artykułu jest oddziaływanie czynnika biograficzne go na twórczość literacką Łesi Ukrainki (1871-1913), a mianowicie his toria jej kontaktów z wpływowym działaczem rosyjskiej socjaldemokra cji na początku XX w., Białorusinem Siarhejem Mierżyńskim. Na tym tle analizowane są marksistowskie wątki w poezji oraz światopoglądzie pisarki. Wiele uwagi poświęca autorka społeczno-ideowym poglądom Ł. Ukrainki, w szczególności jej stosunkowi do tzw. rewolucji seksualnej. Obiektem analizy literackiej są wybrane, związane z pobytem Ł. Ukrainki w Mińsku, teksty liryczne.
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