We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Lectio divina is a serious spiritual activity that among other important topics also deals with secular literature within the Romanian profane genre. The author, a Benedictine monk, raises a significant question, whether the Romanian genre is foreign or not to the Bible. Later on he continues this idea by asking whether profane life takes place in lectio divina, and then transposes his investigation in the novels of Georges Simenon.
More...
Abstract This contribution examines the aspectual properties of đã and rồi in contemporary Vietnamese bysituating them within categories usually labelled “perfect”, “perfective”, “accompli” and “aorist”.It will be shown that the scope of these two markers, as well as their intrinsic aspectual values, aredetermined by the original meaning of the verbs from which they are derived on the one hand, andby the position they occupy with respect to the main predicate on the other hand. Instead of beingmutually exclusive, đã and rồi target each a different phase of a given eventuality and take part inthe aspecto-temporal structuration of the utterance. A brief comparison between English andFrench data suggests that because of its isolating characteristics, Vietnamese tends to localize anddistribute aspectual information on different markers in accordance with a mode of combinationwhich is analytical and iconic. Résumé Cette contribution étudie les valeurs aspectuelles de đã et rồi en vietnamien contemporain en lessituant au sein des catégories habituellement désignées par les étiquettes « perfect », « perfective »,« accompli » et « aoriste ». Il sera montré que la portée et les valeurs aspectuelles intrinsèques deces deux marqueurs sont déterminées, d’une part, par le sens originel des verbes pleins dont ilssont issus, et d’autre part, par la position qu’ils occupent par rapport au prédicat verbal. Đã et rồi,au lieu de s’exclure mutuellement, ciblent en réalité chacun une phase du procès et contribuent à lastructuration aspecto-temporelle de l’énoncé. Une brève comparaison avec l’anglais et le françaissuggère que, de par son caractère isolant, le vietnamien localise et distribue les informationsaspectuelles sur des marqueurs différents en exploitant un mode de combinaison analytique eticonique. Rezumat In acest articol ne vom opri la studierea valorilor aspectuale ale lui đã şi rồi in limba vietnamezăcontemporană, situându-le în grupul categoriilor frecvent însemnate prin etichetele “perfect” şi“perfectiv”, “terminatif” şi “aorist”. Vom arăta că valorile aspectuale ale celor două mărci sunt determinate pe de o parte de sensul original al verbelor pline de unde îşi au originea iar pe de altaprin poziţia pe care o ocupă în raport cu predicatul verbal. O scurtă comparaţie cu engleza şifranceza sugerează faptul că, prin caracterul său izolant, limba vietnameză localizează şi distribuieinformaţiile aspectuale prin mărci diferite, exploatând un mod de combinare analitic şi iconic.
More...
Abstract This article shows that the evolution of a fundamentally aspectual verbal system, as it is the case forArabic, results from needs of the speaker to clarify a notion, concomitance, which was not takeninto account by this system as such. In the first part, we summarize the principles on which theverbal system of "literary" Arabic is based because it is from this state of the language that it ispossible to understand the phenomena which led to the states of the various varieties of spokenArabic which we know today. The second part is devoted to the presentation of the processaccording to which the evolution occurs as well as to the presentation of its dynamics. In the thirdpart we supply the data coming in support of this presentation. Lastly, we shall reveal, that, startingfrom a common system and a common need of clarification, the various Arabic dialects spokencurrently have introduced new oppositions within their verbal system while subordinating them tothe aspectual opposition which continues to govern their verbal system. Résumé Cet article montre que l’évolution d’un système verbal fondamentalement aspectuel, comme celuide l’arabe, résulte des besoins du locuteur d’expliciter une notion, la concomitance, qui n’était pasprise en charge en tant que telle par ce système. Dans la première partie, nous résumons lesprincipes sur lesquels le système verbal de l’arabe « littéraire » est basé car c’est à partir de cetétat de langue qu’on peut comprendre les phénomènes qui ont conduit aux états des différentesvariétés de l’arabe parlé aujourd’hui. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’exposé du processusselon lequel l’évolution se produit ainsi qu’à la présentation de sa dynamique. Dans la troisièmepartie nous fournissons des données venant à l’appui de cet exposé. Pour finir, nous faisonsapparaître que, partant d’un système commun et d’un besoin d’explicitation commun, les différentsdialectes arabes parlés actuellement ont introduit de nouvelles oppositions au sein de leur systèmeverbal tout en les subordonnant à l’opposition aspectuelle qui continue de le gouverner. Rezumat Acest articol arată evoluția sistemului verbal fundamental aspectual al limbii arabe. In prima partese rezumă principiile pe care se bazează sistemul verbal al limbii arabe “literare”, fiindcă pe bazaacestei stări a limbii se pot înțelege fenomenele care au condus la stările diferitor varietăți alelimbii arabe vorbite astăzi. Cea de a doua parte este consacrată expunerii procesului evoluției carese produce, ca și prezentare a dinamicii sale. In partea a treia se prezintă date în sprijinul acesteiexpuneri. In concluzie se arată că, pornind de la un sistem și de la nevoia de a explica în modcomun diferite dialecte din araba vorbită acum, putem semnala noi opoziții in sistemul verbal,subordonându-le opoziției aspectuale, care continuă să-l guverneze.
More...
Abstract In some Romance languages (Spanish, Catalan, Italian, Portuguese), the progressive verbalperiphrasis combines an auxiliary derived from Latin stare with a gerund (Spanish estar cantando).According to the morphosemantic theory in known as cognematics, those periphrases display acommon submorphemic matrix st-nd which reveals the sense-making procedure shared by thehomologous progressives in those languages. However, the way in which progressives are used ineach language varies greatly on account of the systemic lexical and grammatical oppositionsaffecting the auxiliaries and the gerund. This study outlines the specificity of the Castilianprogressive through the example of the verb acostumbrarse "to get used (to)". Résumé Dans certaines langues romanes (espagnol, catalan, italien, portugais), la périphrase verbaleprogressive associe un auxiliaire dérive du latin stare à un gérondif (espagnol castillan estarcantando). Dans le cadre de la cognématique, ces périphrases sont porteuses d'une matricesubmorphémique unique st-nd, marqueur d'un processus interprétatif commun, mais leursconditions d'emploi dans chaque langue varie du fait des réseaux d'oppositions systémiqueslexicales et grammaticales où elles s'inscrivent. Cette étude présente la spécificité du castillan àtravers l'exemple du verbe acostumbrarse (a) "s'habituer (à)". Rezumat In unele limbi romanice (spaniolă, catalană, italiană, portugheză) perifraza verbală progresivăasociază un auxiliar derivat din latinescul stare la un gerunziu (spaniol castilian estar cantando). Incadrul cognematicii, aceste perifraze sunt purtătoarele unei mărci submorfemice unice st-nd,marcă a unui proces interpretativ comun, însă condițiile lor de întrebuințare în fiecare limbăvariază în legătură cu rețelele opozițiilor sistemice lexicale și gramaticale unde ele se înscriu.Acest studiu prezintă specificul castilian prin exemplul verbului acostumbrarse « a se obișnui »
More...
Abstract This article deals with the future perfect tense in the Romance languages. It focusses on thecombination of these three constitutive elements: the future tense, the accomplished aspectand the period of the event. This combination is interesting to study not only in the Romancelanguages but also in Slavic languages because the association of the perfective form of averb with the present tense expresses future, as is the case in Russian. The synthetic forms ofthe future in the Romance languages can be interpreted in a similar way: they come from theLatin periphrastic future (amare + habeo >j’aimer-ai) where habeo represents both thepresent tense and the semantic perfective aspect, conferring to the notion of aimer the idea offuturity. In the case of the future perfect tense, the combination of the same elements leads todifferent meanings which depend on the degrees of modality and of temporality involved inthe future tenses of each language. Résumé L’article porte sur le futur antérieur des langues romanes et met l’accent sur la combinaisondes trois éléments constitutifs que sont : le temps futur, l’aspect accompli et l’époque del’événement. L’intérêt de cette combinaison dépasse le cadre des langues romanes puisquedans certaines langues slaves, comme le russe, l’association de la forme perfective d’un verbeavec le temps présent exprime le futur. On peut interpréter les formes synthétiques du futurdes langues romanes d’une manière analogue : elles proviennent du futur périphrastique latin(amare + habeo > j’aimer-ai) dans lequel habeo représente à la fois le temps présent etl’aspect sémantique perfectif. C’est lui qui confère à la notion verbale la valeur de futur. Pourle futur antérieur, la combinaison de ces mêmes éléments aboutit à des significationsdifférentes selon les parts de modalité et de temporalité contenues dans le futur de chaquelangue. Rezumat In acest articol se pune accentul pe combinarea a trei elemente constitutive ale viitoruluianterior : timpul viitor, aspectul realizat şi epoca evenimentului. Interesul acestei combinări depăşeşte cadrul limbilor romanice pentru că, în unele limbi slave, ca rusa, asocierea formeiperfective a unui verb cu timpul prezent exprimă viitorul. Formele sintetice ale viitoruluilimbilor romanice pot fi interpretate într-un mod analog: ele provin din viitorul perifrasticlatin (amare+habeo 'voi iubi'), unde habeo reprezintă în acelaşi timp prezentul şi aspectulsemantic perfectiv. Anume, el conferă noţiunii verbale valoarea de viitor. Pentru viitorulanterior, combinarea acestor elemente conduce la semnificaţii diferite, potrivit cu părţile demodalitate si temporalitate conţinute în viitorul fiecărei limbi.
More...
Abstract Several striking, though quite relative, analogies can be stated between Russian aspectual pairs (orquasi-pairs, given that Russian verbal system often provides « triads » or even some more puzzlingconfigurations) and some Latin verbal system’s features which are partially inherited by Romance languages (such as French) at the lexical level. Résumé On peut observer des analogies sémio-formelles frappantes, quoique relatives, sur le plangrammatical et/ou sémantique, entre des couples aspectuels russes (ou des quasi-couples, sachantque le système russe donne souvent lieu à des « triades », voire à des configurations pluscomplexes) et des faits plus ou moins réguliers du système verbal latin dont les langues romanes(notamment le français) gardent quelques traces lexicales. Rezumat Putem observa analogii semio-formale frapante deşi relative pe plan gramatical şi /sau semanticîntre cuplurile aspectuale ruse (sau aproape–cupluri, ştiind că sistemul rus face deseori loc la« triade », respectiv la configuraţii complexe) precum şi fapte de limbă mai puţin regulate alesistemului verbal latin dintre care limbile romanice (în special franceza) păstrează câteva urme lexicale.
More...
as a local saint of Olonets and Petrozavodsk metropole. Special attention is paid to the letter written by Peter the Great in 1724 to the member of the provincial court of justice Mr. Muravjev. It contained a decree on the destiny of Faddei the Blessed. The analysis of the document helped to reveal essencial details on the history of relationships between the Russian Tsar and the Saint of Petrozavodsk.
More...
Ilinskiy Pogost located in Vodlozero is regarded as a special asset in the spiritual space of the Russian North. It is located on the so to say watershed – not a geographical divide, but a cultural and historical ridge. It absorbs both types of influence: the western (Zaonezhie) and the eastern (Poonezhe) ones and synthesizes them both. The Church of the prophet St. Elijah (1798) has a cubical covering, which is characteristic of the architectural tradition applied in the structures erected on the shores of the lake Onega. Long before that time, the Small Colgostrov had a tent-shape church – a wide range of such architectural structures can be found on the shores of Onega Lake. The main temple icon was executed by Ignatius Panteleyev in 1647. The Church was rebuilt several times, nevertheless, with all certainty, we can ascertain that in the period of 1708–1798 the image of “The Fiery Ascent of the Prophet Eli-jah” was exhibited inside the tent-shape church: verticalism specified by the semantics of the icon was supported and amplified by the dynamics of the octagonal tapering toward the Zenith of the coating. Such architectural solution incited doubled spiritual craving. This vector – aspiration to the sky – can be traced in the folklore material collected directly on the site. An attempt to restore the ho-listic context of the cult accomponing the prophet Elijah in Vodlozero is described in the article. The research also includs the study of Christian realities and pagan reminiscences associated with the worship of Perun. The aspiration toward sublime and heavenly is the most important intention of the local folk culture.
More...
Personal diaries of the Russian Guard officer V. S. Savonko, which were recently acquired by the Department of manuscripts of NLR, are a valuable source for the study of the history of the Russian Guard officers and especially for the history of pre-revolutionary era. To assess the value of the obtained historical source properly the system of officers’ training, developed in the strongest armies of Europe (Russian, German, French, Austro-Hungarian) by the end of the XIX century, was analyzed. The study of this issue has led the author to a conclusion that in all European armies the officer corps always enjoyed a status of an elite club. In different countries the barriers, preventing infiltration into the officers' environment for the people from lower social classes, had diverse execution tools, but they all acted equally effective. The barriers consisted of such measures as legislated class privileges, high tuition fees in military schools, long-term training, unspoken filtrations of applicants, selection of candidates for particular officers’ regiments, high living standards’ requirements for officers. The need to provide a sufficient amount of trained officers for the army led to the social stratification in the officers’ ranks, their identification, and further development of the more or less privileged groups. In addition, the armed forces of different countries were vested with the responsibility to perform the role of a nursery (especially in Russia) assistive in cultural and educational development, which meant assignment of additional missions.
More...
The article is concerned with the main milestones in the life of the Archbishop Ignite (Semyonov Matvey Afanasievich; 1790/91–1850). He was born in Arkhangelsk province. His spiritual ministry took place in Arkhangelsk, St Petersburg, Novgorod, Petroza-vodsk, Novocherkassk, and Voronezh. Upon his Episcopal ordination, Ignaty successively headed three dioceses: newly established Olonets diocese, Don and Novocherkassk diocese, Voronezh and Zadonsk diocese. The article provides analysis of the Archbishop’s activities in Petrozavodsk and Voronezh. The anti-cholera measures undertaken by the Archbishop in Karelia and Voronezh province are described. Special attention is paid to the library collected by the minister. The content of one of the latest books written by Ignaty is discussed. The book was published in 1848.
More...
The article is concerned with the problem of military maintenance and munitioning of the Vyborg garrison. The challenge became essential in the early XVIII century (from the autumn of 1710 to the summer of 1712, when Vyborg was no longer an outpost and a reference point for further offensive operations) right after the capture of the Vyborg’s fortress by Russian troops. The results of the research are based on the study of special sources: multiple reports written by the Vyborg Commandant G. P. Chernyshev and the St. Petersburg Chief Commandant R. V. Bruce to the Governor of Ingeria A. D. Menshikov and archival correspondence of other officials involved in the solution of this problem. Difficulties with the fortress maintenance and food provision were conditioned by the severe climate conditions as well as by the fact that the Swedish army and navy tried to block Vyborg. Nevertheless, the problem of Vyborg’s supply and maintenance was solved successfully.
More...
The main principles and thesis statements of Ferdinand Lassalle’s juridical works are described in the article. In his work the “System of acquired rights” the author tries to justify legitimacy of revolutions, which are considered a process of the citizens’ rights “cancel and purchase”. In his speeches of the midst of the constitutional conflict (1862), Lassalle spoke of the essence of constitutions. He also argued that it was the state institutions with real power that developed legal regulations. The objective of parliamentarians is to defend the interests of the people. This goal inherent to the Parliament turns this institution into a real political force to be considered by both the royalty and the government.
More...
The basic models of the epithet and substantive compatibility within the frames of the epithet complex (adjective + substantive – determined word) used in the works of M. Tsvetaeva are characterized. The anthropocentrism of both components of the epiphrase is highlighted; the main types of metaphoric and metonymic directions in the epithet constructions are determined; uniqueness of the poet’s logic when dealing with epithets’ selection is emphasized; the trends of poetic language search are accentuated. On the basis of semantic criteria a special classification typology of the adjective and substantive groups is presented. The research results are based on the use of both semantic and statistical methods of linguistic analysis, as well as on the author’s interpretation of linguistic facts inherent to M. Tsvetaeva’s style. As it was shown in the analysis, uniqueness of M. Tsvetaeva’s language is characterized by the wide employment of epithets, by the description of the world realities from the standpoint of a person, of an emotional person.
More...
Tanks, World of Warcraft showed that every fifth nickname is derived from a “strange” or a precedent proper name. This method of nominal modeling is a nominal transposition – a transfer of the name from one denotatum to another one. There are two main ways of nominal transposition. The first one is transanthroponimisation, which is understood as a transfer of the personal or fam-ily name from one individual to another. The following anthroponyms are used as nicknames: the names of musicians, athletes, politicians, book and film characters, etc. An essential requirement for transanthroponimisation between two denotata is based on the principle of their similarity and proximity. The second method of the nominal transposition (which is not as widely used as the first one) is transonymisation. It is a transition of the proper noun from one class to another. These self-nominations also have references to real and unreal denotata. Such nicknames are produced from the names of different brands, cars, cities, mythonimic marks, etc. The research has proved that the nominal transposition is a highly demanded type of self-nomination in the German-speaking web space. These nicknames have significant illocutionary content and connotations; they also characterize their author directly or indirectly.
More...
The local climate conditions and characteristic features of Kostroma lowland soils created favorable conditions for the growth and cultivation of hop, which was widely practiced by the settlers from Miskovskaya district of Kostroma county. The types of ownership on the lands occupied by hop plants were different; therefore, different names were given to these plots: khmelniki (a common name) and nadelnye khmelniki (khmelniki - the lands given to some peasant families to use). In order to regulate taxation, the peasants working on the hop cultivated lands agreed on the local system of area measurement, which resulted in the appearance of such terms as kopeyka, denezhka, polushka, pirog, roubl, etс. The lands of corresponding areas, where hop was cultivated, had the same names. The differences in terms within a single cultural landscape connected to the land area are shown on the example of the lexeme kopeyka. In the middle of the XIX century, kopeyka as a measure of the plot “khmelniki” was divided into denezhka and polushka, pirog and polupirog. Other agricultural lands, also involved in hop cultivation and harvesting, were referred to by the same names. By the beginning of the XX century the repertory of the names changed. In the article, the author’s special attention is paid to the words beginning with the pol/ polu prefixes. According to our observations, prefixes of these words have “measure” semantics with the meaning – ‘a half of something’: polkopeyki is ‘a half of kopeyka’, polupirog is ‘a half of pirog’. The terms considered in the article have isoglosses, but their geography is limited by the boundaries of Kostroma lowland cultural landscape. Appearance of these terms in the speech of local residents and their repertory is associated with the local economy and its specific features.
More...
The novel “A razor’s edge” written by the famous Soviet writer I. A. Efremov had two editions issued in 1963 and in 1964. The ma-jority of subsequent editions, including both of the complete works (1988 and 1992), are guided by the edition of 1964. This article is focused on the comparison of these editions, identification, and systematization of their different interpretations. The research revealed 153 alterations of the author’s original text. The identified changes in spelling and punctuation are viewed as insignificant. The most interesting changes are associated with censorship editing, which addressed such issues as genders’ relations, references to Stalin’s repressions, and data on the weaponry and chemical substances’ proliferation. All changes were classified into 12 groups, including one unnoticed typographical error, which appeared in the second edition. The above mentioned classified groups were studied; all provided examples of the author's and editorial editing were analyzed; the possible motives for these changes were also investigated.
More...
The process of acquainting French readers with the works written by Anton Chekhov is described in the article. The goal of this research was to determine the extent to which Russian immigrants were involved into the process. An extended period from 1893, when a few works of the writer were translated for the first time, to the 1950s, when the writer’s popularity in France reached its peak, is examined. This article focuses on the 1920–1930s, the time period when Chekhov’s works were actively popularized by the representatives of the so-called first wave emigrants (for them Chekhov’s figure had a special significance). The article analyzes the work The influence of French literature on Russian writers since 1900 (1929) written by an emigrant literary and a theater critic Y. Sazonova. The report was presented at the second meeting of the Franco-Russian Studio where special attention was paid to the works of A. P. Chekhov. Some specific aspects of the author’s biography A Life of Chekhov (1939), which was written by the emi-grant writer Irene Nemirovsky, are also studied in the article. Initially this biography was addressed to the French reader. It has not been previously studied by Russian researchers.
More...
The work “Mythological library”, written by Apollodorus and later translated from French by Clavier, acquainted V. A. Zhukovsky with ancient mythology in 1805–1811. While reading the book, V. A. Zhukovsky made a series of notes and wrote a few comments to the plots he found interesting. There were the myths about Oedipus, Kretheus and Tyro, Amythaon and Idomena, Bias and Pero, Talaos and Lisimache. These mythological plots, unconventional by nature and similar to Zhukovsky’s biography, are described in the article. V. A. Zhukovsky’s emersion into the texts of “Mythological library” chronologically corresponds with the development of the ballad genre in his works. It is considered that by genre the written plots of that period were close to ballads. This approach was also shared by V. A. Zhukovsky. The myths introduced both diverse and contradictory understanding of the world.
More...
