НАЗВАНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ УГОДИЙ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ КУЛЬТУРНОГО ЛАНДШАФТА КОСТРОМСКОЙ НИЗИНЫ
THE NAMES OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF KOSTROMA LOWLAND

Summary/Abstract: The local climate conditions and characteristic features of Kostroma lowland soils created favorable conditions for the growth and cultivation of hop, which was widely practiced by the settlers from Miskovskaya district of Kostroma county. The types of ownership on the lands occupied by hop plants were different; therefore, different names were given to these plots: khmelniki (a common name) and nadelnye khmelniki (khmelniki - the lands given to some peasant families to use). In order to regulate taxation, the peasants working on the hop cultivated lands agreed on the local system of area measurement, which resulted in the appearance of such terms as kopeyka, denezhka, polushka, pirog, roubl, etс. The lands of corresponding areas, where hop was cultivated, had the same names. The differences in terms within a single cultural landscape connected to the land area are shown on the example of the lexeme kopeyka. In the middle of the XIX century, kopeyka as a measure of the plot “khmelniki” was divided into denezhka and polushka, pirog and polupirog. Other agricultural lands, also involved in hop cultivation and harvesting, were referred to by the same names. By the beginning of the XX century the repertory of the names changed. In the article, the author’s special attention is paid to the words beginning with the pol­/ polu prefixes. According to our observations, prefixes of these words have “measure” semantics with the meaning – ‘a half of something’: polkopeyki is ‘a half of kopeyka’, polupirog is ‘a half of pirog’. The terms considered in the article have isoglosses, but their geography is limited by the boundaries of Kostroma lowland cultural landscape. Appearance of these terms in the speech of local residents and their repertory is associated with the local economy and its specific features.

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