EXPRESIVITATEA CA MOTOR AL EVOLUȚIEI UNUI SISTEM VERBAL ASPECTUAL : CAZUL DIALECTELOR ARABE
EXPRESSIVITY AS THE CATALYST FOR CHANGE OF AN ASPECTUAL VERB SYSTEM: THE CASE OF ARABIC DIALECTS

Summary/Abstract: Abstract This article shows that the evolution of a fundamentally aspectual verbal system, as it is the case forArabic, results from needs of the speaker to clarify a notion, concomitance, which was not takeninto account by this system as such. In the first part, we summarize the principles on which theverbal system of "literary" Arabic is based because it is from this state of the language that it ispossible to understand the phenomena which led to the states of the various varieties of spokenArabic which we know today. The second part is devoted to the presentation of the processaccording to which the evolution occurs as well as to the presentation of its dynamics. In the thirdpart we supply the data coming in support of this presentation. Lastly, we shall reveal, that, startingfrom a common system and a common need of clarification, the various Arabic dialects spokencurrently have introduced new oppositions within their verbal system while subordinating them tothe aspectual opposition which continues to govern their verbal system. Résumé Cet article montre que l’évolution d’un système verbal fondamentalement aspectuel, comme celuide l’arabe, résulte des besoins du locuteur d’expliciter une notion, la concomitance, qui n’était pasprise en charge en tant que telle par ce système. Dans la première partie, nous résumons lesprincipes sur lesquels le système verbal de l’arabe « littéraire » est basé car c’est à partir de cetétat de langue qu’on peut comprendre les phénomènes qui ont conduit aux états des différentesvariétés de l’arabe parlé aujourd’hui. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’exposé du processusselon lequel l’évolution se produit ainsi qu’à la présentation de sa dynamique. Dans la troisièmepartie nous fournissons des données venant à l’appui de cet exposé. Pour finir, nous faisonsapparaître que, partant d’un système commun et d’un besoin d’explicitation commun, les différentsdialectes arabes parlés actuellement ont introduit de nouvelles oppositions au sein de leur systèmeverbal tout en les subordonnant à l’opposition aspectuelle qui continue de le gouverner. Rezumat Acest articol arată evoluția sistemului verbal fundamental aspectual al limbii arabe. In prima partese rezumă principiile pe care se bazează sistemul verbal al limbii arabe “literare”, fiindcă pe bazaacestei stări a limbii se pot înțelege fenomenele care au condus la stările diferitor varietăți alelimbii arabe vorbite astăzi. Cea de a doua parte este consacrată expunerii procesului evoluției carese produce, ca și prezentare a dinamicii sale. In partea a treia se prezintă date în sprijinul acesteiexpuneri. In concluzie se arată că, pornind de la un sistem și de la nevoia de a explica în modcomun diferite dialecte din araba vorbită acum, putem semnala noi opoziții in sistemul verbal,subordonându-le opoziției aspectuale, care continuă să-l guverneze.

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