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“Los anticuarios” de Pablo De Santis y la tradición del gótico en la literatura argentina

Author(s): Mónica Bueno,Nora Orłowska / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2016

Gothic fiction in Argentina, represented by such famous authors as Borges, Cortazar, Bioy Casares or Silvina Ocampo has its followers in the 21st century. In our paper, we present one of the contemporary authors, Pablo De Santis, born in Buenos Aires in 1963. His novel “Los Anticuarios” (“The Antiquarian”) is about vampirism in the Buenos Aires of the 1950s. Following the tradition of Gothic literature, the main character is involved in the lugubrious story of vampires known as the antiquarians. Although these long‑lived creatures have adapted to living in our times, they must still feed on blood. However, they prefer a substitute in the form of an elixir which allows them to dominate their victims’ minds. Besides, being victims of unrequited love themselves, just like classic vampires, they have a predilection for female blood.

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Caballeros de la oscuridad: la Orden del Temple en el cine de Amando de Ossorio

Author(s): Antonio Huertas Morales,María Bosch Moreno / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2016

The tragic end of the Templars turned them into a myth that has left a deep mark on the contemporary narrative. Currently, seen as innocent martyrs, the Templars acquired features, as wanted San Bernardo, of celestial militia, fighting the forces of evil. However, the legends that bind tight and unorthodox beliefs have shifted even historiographical versions, and the Templars also become dark and intriguing characters. Before the massive appearance of the Templars in Spanish narrative of the end of the millennium, the Galician filmmaker Amando de Ossorio made some films about the warriors‑monks, giving them horror film features and binding them to the family of vampires, mummies and zombies. The treatment they were given by the Galician filmmaker, despite the originality and some of the literary reminiscences, is to be inserted in the continuous process of mystification of the Templars.

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Kategoria groteski w opisach muzyki z obozów koncentracyjnych. „Gry oświęcimskie” Szymona Laksa

Author(s): Bartosz Dąbrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article presents the grotesque as an autobiographical strategy of talking about the experience of concentration camps. In his autobiographical testimony, Szymon Laks describes the music in Birkenau as the part of the Nazi system of exploitation of prisoners. In his memories, music in the concentration camp is deprived of humanistic values, and becomes a symbol of the violence, hierarchy and absurdity of the camp life. For Laks, the grotesque and self‑parody become the only means of speaking about the experience of the concentration camp. Laks chooses the literary tactics of inhuman accustoming, similar to the works of such writers as Tadeusz Borowski and Piotr Rawicz.

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Wprowadzenie do problematyki wiedzy w rosyjskim transcendentalizmie — od neokantyzmu do postneokantyzmu

Author(s): Barbara Czardybon / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2016

The paper outlines the problem of knowledge in Russian Neo-Kantianism in the broad sense of the term. It presents briefly views held in this respect by Russian thinkers who are considered representative of the so-called academic and non-academic Neo-Kantianism. The author also refers to the ideas of the “Russian Marburger” Nicolai Hartmann in the context of Vasily Seseman’s views. It turns out that the views of the Russian philosophers frequently show interesting similarities to the ideas of German Neo-Kantians. Such is the case with the thesis of the indissolubility of science and knowledge, proclaimed by Boris Jakowienko and Bruno Bauch, Semyon Frank’s and Heinrich Rickert’s theory of judgments, as well as the views of Alexander Vvedensky and Johannes Volkelt concerning the possibility of metaphysics. The article proves that the themes present in the concepts of “late” German Neo-Kantians earlier prevailed in Russian philosophy, where ontologism took a leading position. The author also discusses the impact of phenomenology on the revival of ontology in Neo-Kantianism.

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Philosophical and Mathematical Correspondence between Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell in the years 1902—1904. Some Uninvestigated Topics

Author(s): Gabriela Besler / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2016

Although the connections between Frege’s and Russell’s investigations are commonly known (Hylton 2010), there are some topics in their letters which do not seem to have been analysed until now: 1. Paradoxes formulated by Russell on the basis of Frege’s rules: a) „»ξ can never take the place of a proper name« is a false proposition when ξ is a proposition”; b) “A function never takes the place of a subject.” A solution of this problem was based on the reference/sense theory and on the distinction between the first- and second-level names (Frege). 2. The inconsistency in Frege’s system may be avoided by the introduction of: a) a new kind of objects called quasi-objects (Frege); b) logical types (Frege and Russell); c) mathematics without classes (Russell); d) some restrictions on the domain of function (Frege). 3. Since the inconsistency is connected with a class, what is class? In one of the letters, Frege compared a class to a chair composed of atoms. This approach seems to be similar to the collective understanding of a set (Stanisław Leśniewski). 4. Russell doubted that the difference between sense and reference of expressions was essential. Hence, Frege found some additional reasons to distinguish between them: semiotic, epistemological, from identity, and from mathematical practice. This discussion can be seen as a next step in developing the theory of descriptions by Bertrand Russell.

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Ф. М. ДОСТОЈЕВСКИ, СИМОНА ВЕЈ И СТОЈАН СТИВ ТЕШИЋ O ДУХОВНОЈ ИСКОРИЈЕЊЕНОСТИ САВРЕМЕНОГ ЧОВЈЕКА И ПУТЕВИМА КОЈИ МОГУ ДОВЕСТИ ДО ПОНОВНОГ УКОРЈЕЊИВАЊА

Author(s): Radoje Šoškić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 49/2/2012

The present paper strives to analyse the works and ideas of three authors F. M. Dostoevsky („Legend of the Grand Inquisitor“), Simone Weil (The Need for Roots), and Stojan Steve Tesich (On the open road) in the light of their struggle for reviving man’s primordial forms of conscience and consciousness which will help humanity regain ability to resist religious and ethical mutations of the present era. These authors believe that the official religious institutions of Christian church, having cast away Christ’s gospel of brotherly love, have sided with “Him”, (as voiced and testified by Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor) the Satan himself, who tempted Christ in the desert by offering him rule over “kingdom of earth” in exchange for Christ’s submission. Scientific humanism coupled with Christianity’s betrayal of eternal values posited by Christ has stripped man naked of the religious context which gave his life meaning, leaving him/her free falling in the abyss of nihilism. Weil suggests, which is one of her major ideas in The need for Roots, that the cure to the moral plight of modern European humanity resides in its ability to bring back “the spirit of truth”, love and grace into modern Christianity, which is in its present state devoid of these evangelical virtues. Weil and Dostoevsky’s ideas are shared by Steve Tesich, a Serbian-American screenwriter, playwright and novelist, whose play On the open road is based on Dostoevsky’s „Legend of the Grand Inquisitor“.

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КЊИЖЕВНОСТ И АКТИВИЗАМ Б. ВОНГАРА И Ж. М. Г. ЛЕ КЛЕЗИОА

Author(s): Jelena N. Arsenijević Mitrić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 49/2/2012

This paper will analyze the works of B. Wongar and J. M. G. Le Clézio with an attempt to present and critically examine the reasons which led them to engage in (post)colonial subjects and emphasize the similarities in the assessment of the (post) colonial society and culture of domination about which Wongar and Le Clézio write in their literary texts. Their works to a large extent present a severe critique of the modern world. These authors try to indicate how western culture, under the guise of „globalization“ and „multiculturalism“, continues to develop the practice established in the age of the great imperial conquest. The article also discusses what encouraged these authors to the voluntary exile from civilization and cultural matrix of the West and turning them to other cultures. The paper points out the complementarity of their literary texts, particularly in the selection of topics, and also examines the possible parallels, considering the fact that they belong to the synchronous moment, although acting independently of one another. A comparative analysis of their work includes a reference to the corpus of texts of postcolonial literary criticism. This, of course, includes a wider anthropological view, because this kind of literature involves more extensive cultural perception. In the case of these authors, literature isn’t just descriptive and artistic mode, but type of activism, which is to defend the achievements of primary cultures of ancient heritage of knowledge, and that just disappear, or indirectly by technocratic societies, which date from the first colonization to the present day.

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АЛТЕРНАТИВНИ ИНТЕЛЕКТУАЛНИ ПУТ Е. П. ТОМПСОНА

Author(s): Ivana Bančević Pejović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 49/2/2012

This essay presents the work of Edward Palmer Thompson, British historian whose involvement with history is inseparable from his study of literature (of romantic poets above all) which records fragmented personal stories of the oppressed (Blake would say ‘minute Particulars’) that official history of the winners ignores, silences and excludes from active participation in the challenges we face today. At the moment when the so called New World Order is trying to impose itself as an option without alternatives, Thompson’s deep involvement with the history of ideas is hugely important. His concern with traditions that are alternative to the dominant discourse of the world order currently in power, keeps these traditions alive and makes it possible for them to re-enter the battle of ideas that will shape the twentyfirst century. That is the reason why his studies of history and culture deserves to be presented to our public, and better known.

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Rola Instytutu Mikołowskiego w upowszechnianiu przekładów literatury słoweńskiej w Polsce w ostatnich latach

Author(s): Monika Gawlak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

This article focuses on the dissemination of Slovenian literature in Polish by the Rafał Wojaczek’s Institute in Mikołów between 2012 and 2015. The author approaches the role of publishers in promoting literatures that are viewed from the Polish perspective as marginal using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social fields. She points to the mechanisms and motivations of both the publisher and the translators, addresses issues related to graphic design, and examines the impact of paratextuality.

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Nino De Vita: poezja sycylijska między dialektalnością a zwierzęcością

Author(s): Paulina Malicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the issue of human‑animal relationships in contemporary works of poetry and prose by Nino De Vita (b. 1950) – a Sicilian born in Marsala, for whom the local dialect of Cutusiu contrade becomes the language of expression. The author leaves out of his writings anthropocentric models and introduces into them narratives concerning various forms of life marked by common and indivisible history. Both animal and human characters share similar fates, experience the same emotions, reciprocate feelings, suffer and feel fear. Still, what unites the human and animal world most is the language, or rather the dialect, of Marsala – a common channel of interspecies communication. The expression of the animal nature in people who wish to most spontaneously and sincerely express their own emotions and moods, resorts to dialectal sound, the mother tongue, characterized by great intimacy but also violence. Finally, the dialectality and animality of Nino De Vita’s work involve going beyond the boundaries, tracking and leaving traces as well as marking the territory for fear of loss and being left. This poetry is written in the name of ‘another him’ and for him.

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Canis lupus i tajemnice ludzkiej duszy. O literackim obrazie wilka na przykładzie wybranych dzieł niemiecko‑ i anglojęzycznych

Author(s): Aneta Jurzysta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article is devoted to the literary representation of the wolf, and the texts analysed include Hermann Hesse’s “Steppenwolf” and Mark Rowlands’ “The Philosopher and the Wolf”. In both texts the wolf becomes the mirror in which the man’s inner life is reflected, and the authors search for the answers to existential questions in the wolfish nature. “And so the Steppenwolf had two natures, a human and a wolfish one. This was his fate, and it may well be that it was not a very exceptional one.” Those words of Hermann Hesse refer to the complicated, split personality of the main protagonist and the complex nature of every man. Harry is partly a man, who desires social respect and the comforts of the middle‑class life, and shares human ideas and interests, and partly a wild beast, who mocks these vain and absurd desires, and remains untamed and impulsive. Mark Rowlands’ wolf is not only part of the author’s inner self, but a wild animal, with which the American philosopher spent 11 years of his life. The wolf companion changes completely the man’s way of thinking, becoming an inspiration for philosophical considerations over the nature of love, death, happiness and humanity, the purposefulness of human actions, the sources of despair and hope, the nature of the fear of death. The wolf ’s company makes it possible for Rowlands to find his human nature, makes him eventually become a different person: of partly human and partly wolfish nature. In both cases the wolf (being either part of a man’s personality or a real wild companion) determines the protagonists’ lives and helps them understand themselves.

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Književnost i pamćenje

Author(s): Tvrtko Kulenović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2000

Američki filozof George Santayana napisao je da oni koji ne pamte historiju dolaze u situaciju da im se ona ponovi. Ta se poruka očigledno nastavlja na latinsku izreku da je historija učiteljica života, historia magistra vitae e st Ne smijemo je shvatiti doslovno, jer, kako kaže Milan Kundera u svojim esejima o romanu, život je uvijek složeniji od naše misli o njemu, i jedino roman može s njom da se nosi jer i ne polazi od pretpostavke da će nešto 'smisliti', ali se čini da ipak imamo pravo reći da historija nije nikada nikoga ničemu naučila, odnosno, kako je glasio slogan festivala "Zima Sarajevo 1994. godine” Historia magistra vitae non est.

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(РА)СТВАРАЊЕ PERSONAE DRAMATIS У МАГБЕТУ ЕЖЕНА ЈОНЕСКА

Author(s): Katarina Z. Milić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 57/2015

Dans ce travail nous offrons les résultats de l’analyse des concepts dramatiques contemporains par rapport au théâtre dit traditionnel, et nous prêtons attention surtout au statut du personnage dramatique, vu que celui-ci est l’un des éléments inévitables dans la structure dramatique. Notre but est de présenter des tendences singulières du théâtre de l’absurde (le degré zéro du théâtre), et plus particulièrement la création des personnages dramatiques en tant que des figures disséminatives, mais aussi d’indiquer leur rôle dans le théâtre contemporain et leur rapport avec les contraintes structurales de celui-ci.

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ПАУЛО ФРЕИРЕ И АУГУСТО БОАЛ: ПЕДАГОГИЈА И ПОЗОРИШТЕ KAO СТОЖЕРИ РЕВОЛУЦИЈЕ

Author(s): Ivana Bančević Pejović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 59/2016

The Brazilian educator Paulo Freire (1921-1997), and the Brazilian theatre director Augusto Boal (1931-2009), met in 1960 in the poorest part of Brazil and immediately recognized each other as comrades engaged in the same task of conscientization (conscientização) of the oppressed. Hence, the titles of their famous books are Freire’s The Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1968) and Boal’s The Theatre of the Oppressed (1973). It should be noted that this term, or rather its French equivalent, conscienciser, was first used by Frantz Fanon in his book Black Skin, White Masks (1952) and that for these three authors conscientization represents the key method for both the physical and the mental liberation of the oppressed. Another author, Ng g wa Thiong’o, calls it the key strategy for decolonizing the mind. This essay explores the interaction between pedagogy and theatre in education, used for the conscientization of the oppressed by enabling them to critically interpret reality. Freire and Boal share the conviction that pedagogy and theatre can play the most important role in bringing about a revolution that would, before all, establish social justice in the world. After the military coup in 1964, when dictatorship was established in Brazil once again, both Freire and Boal spent many years of their lives in exile. This fact testifies to the power of their ideas, recognized at once as a major threat to the dictatorship. They continued their work on conscientization in neighboring counties of Latin America, Freire in Chile, and Boal in Peru. Combined with Liberation Theology, as part of various experiments in liberation undertaken throughout South America, their work has proved to be very effictive and inspiring.

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Ève nouvelle. Observations sur le roman européen moderne de l’entre-deux-guerres

Author(s): Aglika Popova / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2017

Within the scope of this article, examples from Bulgarian and Romanian literature, which are representative of Balkan literatures, have been used as the subject of a comparative study alongside examples from French literature. The thematic framework of the Biblical creation myth, and in particular the figure of Eve, allow for the identification of common perspectives. Ever since the Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, humankind has been following the preordained path of mortality. However, the Biblical narrative does not end with the fall of man. The Savior's birth atones for the first woman’s sin of disobedience, and the Virgin Mary becomes the New Eve, mother of the living. Modern representations of Eve require a change of scene as the common sacred time setting is reversed to actual reality, where the character building is done through the issue of assurance of salvation. The New Eve takes on the characteristics of a fugitive and a murderess. Based on the cited body of works by Tchavdar Moutafov, Anna Kamenova, Liviu Rebreanu, and Mircea Eliade, this is the point where we begin to single out the contemporary messages of the European novel. The French writers who have been selected as object of comparison are François Mauriac and Jean Giraudoux.

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ОТНОШЕНИЕТО ЦЕНТЪР – ПЕРИФЕРИЯ/ЕВРОПЕЙСКИ ЗАПАД – ЕВРОПЕЙСКИ (ЮГО)ИЗТОК КАТО МОТИВ В ПРОЗАТА НА АВТОРИ-МИГРАНТИ ОТ БАЛКАНИТЕ

Author(s): Darina Felonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The paper analyses the writing of three authors who emigrated from the Balkans and settled in France in 1960s and 1970s. – Vassilis Alexakis (of Greek descent), Dumitru Tsepeneag (of Romanian descent) and Julia Kristeva (of Bulgarian descent). It aims to present the intermediate position of these immigrant authors in Western European environment in regard to the constituent components of their new identity – an intermediate position that allows them to examine the processes simultaneously from the “outside” and the “inside” and to generate bidirectional interpretations and literary images. The issues are further compounded by the inherent “crossroad” and “transitory” geopolitical characteristics of the Balkans, often thought of as a border region between the East and the West. From this point of view, the immigrant authors from the Balkan region appear to have a very complex existence, in which two kinds of duality intertwine – the one imposed by migration, and the other imposed by the “marginalization” and “uncertainty” of the Balkans when it comes to their European status. Because of these peculiarities, the three writers construct in their novels a variety of models for imagining the “native” and the “foreign”, the centre (European West) and the periphery (European Southeast), and the Other.

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Mythologie und Religiöse Einflüsse in den Mongolischen und Tibetischen Geser-Epos-Versionen

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Mythologie und Religiöse Einflüsse in den Mongolischen und Tibetischen Geser-Epos-Versionen

Author(s): Katalin Uray-Kőhalmi / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2008

Im Rahmen einer größeren Arbeit soll der kulturelle Hintergrund von tibetischen und mongolischen Geser-Versionen einer vergleichenden Analyse unterworfen werden. Die ins Auge gefassten Versionen sind die von R. A. Stein (1956) publizierte „Lamaistische oder gLing-Version“, die von M. Hermanns (1965), herausgegebene „Amdo-Version“, eine der ladakischen Versionen von S. Herrmann (1991), die von I. J. Schmidt ins deutsche übersetzte mongolische Druckversion von 1716 samt seinen Ergänzungen (Schmidt 1936; Heissig 1983), dann die ostburjätische Version von M. N. Hangalov (1969) und die westburjätische von M. Imegenov (1995). In allen Versionen bildet der innerasiatische Seelenglaube die Grundlage, die aber in der Mythologie recht große Unterschiede zulässt. Von den großen Religionen ist der Buddhismus — in verschiedenem Maße — am stärksten vertreten, aber auch andere Ideologien haben ihre Spuren hinterlassen.

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What is the Rationale of Periodization?

Author(s): Imre Szíjártó,István Molnár / Language(s): English Issue: 1-3/2003

Literary evolution in Hungary and Poland has had very much in common since the very beginning up to the present, but the division into epochs within each national literature has always been considerably different. Political changes played an important part in distinguishing various epochs of Hungarian literary history in the scholarship. Certain scholars combine the historical periods with literary movements or with spiritual movements. In Polish and Slovenian periodization literary movements dominate. The term Enlightenment and Positivism are also current. The latter corresponds to Realism and Naturalism in Hungarian and Slovenian criticism. The period between 1918-1939 does not have a common name in Hungary and Poland, whereas it is referred to as Expressionism and Social Realism in Slovenia. The comparative periodization of literatures in East-Central Europe can make literary scholars’ views more exact in cases when opinions differ in stating time limits for different periods. Such a comparison may contribute to a more thorough understanding of the “phase delays” that may have occured between these literatures.

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Petko Todorov’s Plays and the Poetics of European Symbolism

Author(s): Dina Mantcheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The paper examines Petko Todorov’s five symbolist plays (Masons, Strahil the Redoubtable Haidout, The Fairy, Bride Boryana, and Dragon’s Wedding) from the perspective of European symbolist drama to emphasize their common aesthetic principles and their specific originality. The comparative analysis thus defined leads to the conclusion that Petko Todorov’s works follows the structural principles of Symbolist drama yet they have their own specifics. The unconventional structure of the dramatic action and dialogue; the wide use of music and painting in the staging of the plays as well as their new genre form make Todorov’s works akin to the francophone Symbolist model. On the other hand, the moral dimension and the pervading national atmosphere in the Bulgarian dramas betray their indebtedness to the Russian Symbolist drama. Finally, the de-valorisation of the fantastic characters and the playing down of Romantic and realistic elements in Petko Todorov’s dramas are totally unknown to the European Symbolist theatre. In this way, Petko Todorov’s dramas are a peculiar combination of Symbolist poetics and influences of the Bulgarian national context. They follow their own development and contribute hereby to the specific evolution of the Bulgarian modernist theatre.

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МОЖЕ ЛИ БЪЛГАРСКАТА ЛИТЕРАТУРА ДА УСПЕЕ НА НЕМСКОЕЗИЧНИЯ ПАЗАР?

Author(s): Thomas Frahm / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Due to the existence of an endless number of prejudices among Bulgarian intellectuals coupled with the paranoia that Bulgaria and its writers are being intentionally neglected by the world at large, the author of this article reveals the most influential factors that contribute to literary success, or failure thereof, among German-speaking readers and literary critics. He concludes that contemporary Bulgarian writers are inclined to either follow the Anglo-American pattern of fiction writing, or focus on their domestic cultural tradition, thus paying no attention to the universal human qualities and patterns of behaviour that would enable readers all over the world to indetify with their works. Toward its end, the paper points out a few specifics of Milena Kirova’s History of Bulgarian literature that have rendered the volume (in its German translation) valuable to the German-speaking audience.

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