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Głośna poezja. Uważne słuchanie w badaniach literackich
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Głośna poezja. Uważne słuchanie w badaniach literackich

Author(s): Aleksandra Kremer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2015

Kremer raises the problem of voice in poetry. Engaging with research on the poet’s voice as it is encoded in texts, she discusses traditional studies of recitation, treated as an art that is separate from poetry. She also presents more recent scholarship on performance poetry and analyses well-known recordings of twentieth-century poetry performed by its authors. Drawing on instances of phonetic, sound, and performance poetry together with poetry readings, Kremer points to hitherto overlooked spoken versions of Polish poems. Finally, she examines the category of voice as an object of research and proposes a method of close listening.

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L’origine d’une peur incarnée – Gilles de Rais vel Barbe bleue par Charles Perrault

L’origine d’une peur incarnée – Gilles de Rais vel Barbe bleue par Charles Perrault

Author(s): Beata Kędzia-Klebeko / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

In 1695 Charles Perrault offered to Mademoiselle, a Grand‑niece of Louis XIV, a book calligraphed by a copyist. It contained five “Tales of Mother Goose” and one of them carried the title “Bluebeard”. Originally, Bluebeard was a character from oral tradition stories describing him attacking his successive wives and children. He is also associated with the awful history of Gilles de Rais, sodomite and assassin. Gilles de Rais (or Retz) was a great Lord belonging to one of the most influential French families at the beginning of the 15th century. As a former companion in arms of Joan of Arc, he “supposedly lost his mind at the same time, as his friend was losing life”. The bloody nature of his crimes is obvious, as much as in the story of Perrault, where we encounter dead women with slit throats, attached to the wall, whose bodies “shined with curdled blood”. In literary tradition, the character still arouses interest of writers and undergoes many transformations. Thus, it is interesting to provide a brief overview of this Knight in retreat, alchemist and practitioner of occult arts, “who has committed countless crimes in his castles of Machecoul and Tiffauges, […]” and who was arrested and hanged in 1440.

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Nil tremendum ou les stratégies de conjurer la peur ancestrale dans les Lumières françaises. Jan Potocki et ses antécédents

Nil tremendum ou les stratégies de conjurer la peur ancestrale dans les Lumières françaises. Jan Potocki et ses antécédents

Author(s): Izabella Zatorska / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

Enlighted elites were imperatively struggling against fear, perceived as the source of tensions and social conflicts. This struggle incited a number of very different initiatives, such as the articles from “Encyclopédie” [“Encyclopaedia”] by Diderot / d’Alembert or from “Dictionnaire philosophique” [“Philosophical Dictionary”] by Voltaire, philosophical tales by the latter and, finally, the philosophical novel by Jan Potocki, in its two versions from 1804 and 1810, recently discovered by François Rosset and Dominique Triaire. The fear of supernatural and, especially, of death is being tamed thanks to well‑known literary proceedings (irony or the comic), which may be described using the theory of games by Roger Caillois or by Colas Duflo. Hereafter, we are putting forward the ambivalence appearing in the first case and particularly noticeable in Potocki’s writings.

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Коментарите към библейските четива от Теофилакт Охридски в ръкописните сбирки в Полша

Коментарите към библейските четива от Теофилакт Охридски в ръкописните сбирки в Полша

Author(s): Jan Stradomski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2016

In the Church Slavonic literary tradition, Theophylact of Ohrid is mostly associated with his exegeses to the Bible. The collections of Cyrillic manuscripts in Poland include only a single copy of his annotated Book of Gospels (BN 12431 III, beginning of the sixteenth century), which has not yet been the subject of a separate study. The book is particularly interesting and valuable, as it contains archaic linguistic features, proving that it is an extremely old copy of the first Slavonic translation of the work. This is an important example of the presence of manuscripts related to Old East Slavonic, and also indirectly – Old Church Slavonic literary tradition in the former Polish-Lithuanian state. The article gives a codicological and linguistic characteristic of this manuscript, and its primary aim is to draw attention to the manuscript from researchers of the works of Theophylact of Ohrid, the Church Slavonic literature, and the Bible.

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Ludzkie i Nie-ludzkie. Antropologia Czesława Miłosza: człowiek wobec zwierząt

Ludzkie i Nie-ludzkie. Antropologia Czesława Miłosza: człowiek wobec zwierząt

Author(s): Małgorzata Roeske / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Considerations about the human condition and humankind’s place in nature are a vital part of the works of Czesław Miłosz. Miłosz’s cosmological vision is based on a deeply dualistic structure. On the one hand, we have got the human and civilisation – which is a synonym of purposefulness and divine order; on the other hand, there is the wild, cruel and untameable nature, whose activity is full of chaos and is meaningless from the metaphysical point of view. There is a sort of inconsistency in this seemingly ordered structure of reality, which seems to constitute the principle of Miłosz’s anthropology. The human in his essence is a “paradoxical being”; it is difficult to classify him in an unambiguous way. He is considered as the only creature that is composed of God’s elements – immortal soul, consciousness, and intellect. These properties detach him from nature and bring him closer to God in the hierarchy. Still, he is a biological creature and that disgraceful fact is difficult to accept for Miłosz; therefore, an attempt to draw a clear line between man and nature is reflected so clearly in Miłosz’s works. The purpose of the article is to analyse a few works of Czesław Miłosz with regard to the issues mentioned above. Undeniably, the ideas presented by Miłosz are deeply rooted in Western philosophy.

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ИРАНСКАЯ МИФОЛОГИЯ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОМ МИРЕ И.А. БУНИНА

Author(s): Albina Mazgarovna Sayapova,Elaheh Karimiriabi / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article discusses several poems by Ivan Bunin which use Iranian mythology. It is shown that Iranian culture and particularly its mythological images clearly fit into the stratum of eastern images and the whole artistic philosophy of the poet.

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Г. ТУКАЙ И Н.А. НЕКРАСОВ: ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАЛЛЕЛИ И МЕЖЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЕ ДИАЛОГИ

Author(s): Venera Rudalevna Aminevа / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper establishes types of dialogical relations between G. Tukai and N.A. Nekrasov’s works belonging to the genres of invective, message, and memorial lyrics. The conclusion is made that similarities in form and functions (organizational principles of the subject sphere, genre and stylistic features) do not stem from the same sources and nature. The principles of artistic generalization in Tukai’s lyrics are different from those used by N.A. Nekrasov. The individual and typical, singular and unified are located at the same level and stand in the relations of compliance and coincidence. The poetics of N.A. Nekrasov’s lyrical works is connected with the hierarchy of artistic content aspects at different levels. The subject structures of Tukai’s lyrics are distinguished by the features of personality development in the Tatar literature of this period, as well as the logic of meaning formation, which is characteristic of this type of culture.

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ПОЭТИКА ЗИМЫ В ПОЭЗИИ Г.Р. ДЕРЖАВИНА И Н.А. ЛЬВОВА

Author(s): Rinat Albertovich Bakirov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper compares the development of the winter theme in G.R. Derzhavin’s ode “Birth of a North Crowned Lad” and N.A. Lvov’s poem “Russian 1791. Winter”. Based on the analysis of imaginative and ideological structures of both works, the conclusion is made about their antagonistic nature. The mask character of N.A. Lvov’s poem is proved and opposed to the stylistically integral works by G.R. Derzhavin. The literary mask is considered as the main artistic principle used by N.A. Lvov.

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ОППОЗИЦИЯ СВОЁ – ЧУЖОЕ В РОМАНЕ ДЖУЛИИ ОЦУКИ «БУДДА НА ЧЕРДАКЕ»

Author(s): Ekaterina Sergeevna Khovanskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The paper presents the analysis of the novel by the Japanese American writer J. Otsuka. The features of interaction between self and nonself are revealed. From this perspective, the main frame components (title symbolism, epigraphic semantics), characteristics of space-time structure, chapter relations, and type of narrative are considered.

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ДЖ. ОСТИН И А.С. ПУШКИН: ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЕ УСАДЕБНОГО БЫТА

Author(s): Vera Borisovna Shamina,Tatyana Gennadyevna Prokhorova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The paper considers the problem of possible influence of J. Austen’s works on A.S. Puskin. Although the majority of scholars agree that A.S. Pushkin was not familiar with J. Austen’s novels, there are still many similar features in their works, especially in the novels “Pride and Prejudice” and “Eugene Onegin”. This similarity of motives, character types, modes of behavior, and certain rituals occurs very much due to the fact that both authors were, on the one hand, very much influenced by the English sentimentalism and, on the other hand, depicted not only the same historical period, but also a similar socio-cultural milieu – the life of the country gentry. Therefore, a very important role in the works under consideration is played by the nature and its interaction with the main characters and ball – an essential part of the country life, where many crucial events take place. Having analyzed the works in question, the conclusion was made that it is possible to talk about the typological affinity caused by the similarity of the socio-cultural situation, on the one hand, and A.S. Pushkin’s great interest in English literature, on the other hand. The “meeting” of the two artists occurred in the close space of the country life, which, nevertheless, allowed them to create bright, colorful pictures of this world. However, while J. Austen’s novels were completely limited to family matters, A.S. Pushkin considered them only part of a much larger conception.

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Re-signifying “Asia” in the Transnational Turn of Asian/American Studies

Re-signifying “Asia” in the Transnational Turn of Asian/American Studies

Author(s): Lin Chien-Ting / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Bringing inter-Asia cultural studies into conversation with Asian American critique, this paper aims to reframe the critical analysis of the scattered hegemonies of US imperialism in articulating the transpacific historical interconnections. Rather than privileging the US as a primary site of investigation and critique, I draw careful attention to the Cold War conditions of inter-Asian migration as an entry point for discussing how the geopolitics of Taiwanese modernity, from the Cold War up to neoliberal globalization, are inextricably linked to Japanese colonialism, US militarism and modernization, and Chinese globalization. To develop my theoretical and historical (re)conceptualization of “Asia” in Asian/American studies, I look at how migrant narrative of migrant workers in the nonfiction novel “Our Stories” speak to the power dynamics of the US Cold War involvement in Asia, neoliberal globalization, and Taiwan subimperialist relations with its neighboring countries. Whereas Asian American cultural critique offers a new analytics to enable a reconceptualization of Asian America without confining it to an identitarian category, inter-Asia studies redirect critical attention to the historical undercurrents of inter-Asia geopolitics that are largely obscured by the dominant knowledge paradigm of the US Cold War politics in the regions of Asia Pacific.

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Money, Power, and Immigrant Sons in Chang-Rae Lee’s “Native Speaker”: Looking for the American Father

Money, Power, and Immigrant Sons in Chang-Rae Lee’s “Native Speaker”: Looking for the American Father

Author(s): Shirley Geok-lin Lim / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The article explores the convergence of four major American novelistic traditions (the mating-marriage tale, the immigrant story of assimilation and acculturation, detective fiction, and socio-political/socio-economist fiction) in Chang-rae Lee’s acclaimed first novel, “Native Speaker” (1995), which dramatizes the tragic dynamics between ambition, money, power and moral loss and which offers the reader an insight into a late 20th century narrative of the formation of the new immigrants in the US, where earlier Euro-and, particularly, Anglo-norms are contested by multicultural, multilingual forces driven by globalized hyper-capitalist superstructures. In this unsettled setting, the common 20th century master plots of white-as-native tensions with non-white-immigrantas-the-Other are interrogated, fragmented and re-assembled in a kinetic metropolis of multiple Otherness, in which money and power, two intrinsically intertwined forces, rule. In the novel’s increasingly melodramatic narration of disillusionment, violence and murder, its more primal emotional trajectory arguably is not heterosexual romance, with which the novel begins and ends, but with the quest for a male identity congruent with that generally adopted as a model in the United States. In the novel, male identity is problematized by its embedded contextualization in multiple-tongued, duplicitous and abject ethnic identities, still subordinate or subaltern to white-Anglophone-centric norms. The elder Korean male figures (the father, the political mentor), present in the novel, fail to, or cannot, serve as American fathers. Without fathers able to nurture the immigrant son to a psychologically successful manhood (dramatized as a subject possessing authentic agency with the capacity to sustain intimate and social relationships), the novel’s late 20th century re-inscription of the quintessentially American theme of quest for individual self takes the English language (also allegorized in the figure of the upper-class white wife, Leila) as the sentimental trope by which a national manhood is to be achieved—a post-immigrant salvation that is figuratively and literally articulated.

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Nie do powiedzenia. O głosie u Lacana, Ettinger i Woodman

Nie do powiedzenia. O głosie u Lacana, Ettinger i Woodman

Author(s): Anna Kisiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2016

In the picture entitled “Self-portrait talking to Vince” Francesca Woodman, an American photographer, endeavoured to capture her own voice. That which had been uttered became thereby unutterable, resulting in a sequence of doodles coming out of the artist’s mouth: the chain interrupted within the frame of the photograph in its attempt to reach the listener. This picture is both the space and the reason for the confrontation of two psychoanalytical views – Lacanian and Ettingerian – on the notion of the voice. While in Jacques Lacan’s thought the voice is introduced as objet petit a, inextricably bound to the Other and desire, Ettinger – author of the matrixial theory, practising psychoanalyst, artist, feminist, and member of the Second Generation after the Holocaust – defines this concept as link a, thus emphasising the connection inspired by the prenatal encounter, its fragility and intimacy. Collating these two viewpoints and the photographic art of Woodman lets one open the potentialities of the voice in the field of visual studies and consider the relationship between this notion and the senses. Such a juxtaposition challenges the boundaries of not only photography – the medium seemingly sentenced to silence – but also theory, for which the image can provide a platform of dialogue, as it relentlessly resists the reduction to solely one perspective.

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Między kanonem literackim a kulturą zwielokrotnioną

Między kanonem literackim a kulturą zwielokrotnioną

Author(s): Maria Delaperrière / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Contemporary cultural changes force Polish literary critics to constantly change their views on literature. Traditional literary canon is prone to stagnation and inertia, but multiculturalism may lead to a dangerous melting in the multiplied maze of cultural interconnections. Trying to overcome such antinomies, the author of the article focuses on the criteria that are important in the reception of Polish culture abroad. Literary canon is not regarded as a standard, but it is worth taking into consideration as an exposition of some general aesthetic, axiological and worldview changes.

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Varia: Rzeczy jako źródło pamięci ostatecznego. Na przykładzie „Kampucza, godzina zero” Zbigniewa Domarańczyka

Varia: Rzeczy jako źródło pamięci ostatecznego. Na przykładzie „Kampucza, godzina zero” Zbigniewa Domarańczyka

Author(s): Bernadetta Darska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The article aims at describing the genocide that happened in Cambodia. It takes into consideration its specific character and focuses on what occurred there. During the Khmer Rouge’s dictatorship not only were hundreds of thousands of people murdered (about 2.5 million victims according to different sources), but also negative symbols became connected with objects of everyday use. Such objects have become a source of memories about events which were final, inevitable and traumatic.

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Językowe formy budowania równowagi w relacjach międzynarodowych. Lingwistyczna analiza listu biskupów polskich do biskupów niemieckich z 1965 roku

Językowe formy budowania równowagi w relacjach międzynarodowych. Lingwistyczna analiza listu biskupów polskich do biskupów niemieckich z 1965 roku

Author(s): Waldemar Czachur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

In his article, Waldemar Czachur makes an attempt of analysing the Reconciliation Letter of the Polish Bishops to their German Brothers of 1965 in terms of strategies aimed at building balance in international relations. The section which outlines the historical background of the letter and its political significance for Poland and the Polish-German relations is followed by linguistic analysis of subsequent parts of the letter to look at various balancing strategies between appreciating oneself and the recipient and protecting oneself and the recipient in the spirit of Goffman’s ritual equilibrium.

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Sposoby realizacji funkcji perswazyjnej w ogłoszeniach z dziedzin: praca/ nauka zawodu zamieszczanych w dzienniku „Czas” w drugiej połowie XIX wieku

Sposoby realizacji funkcji perswazyjnej w ogłoszeniach z dziedzin: praca/ nauka zawodu zamieszczanych w dzienniku „Czas” w drugiej połowie XIX wieku

Author(s): Ewelina Gajewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

The article examines job and professional training advertisements published in Krakow in the daily newspaper “Czas” between 1850 and 1890. The analysed material includes both: job offers and announcements of job seekers. In the education section of the newspaper the advertisements are published by schools, enterprises, teachers’ institutions and individuals ready to accept pupils for apprenticeship programs. The analysis covers the persuasive vocabulary (the role of the name of the advertiser, most common adjectives and adverbs evaluating the service), genre of the advertisement (announcement, request, letter, and all sorts of hybrid forms) as well as the grammatical level of the analysed texts (persuasive aspect of compound sentences). The analysis of the material leads to the conclusion that the advertisements published in the “Czas” newspaper between 1850 and 1890 rarely realise the persuasive function only. Their persuasive role was realised through the selection of vocabulary and genre as well as by modifying and combining features of various genres.

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АНДРЕЙ ПЛАТОНОВ В ПОИСКАХ ЖАНРА

АНДРЕЙ ПЛАТОНОВ В ПОИСКАХ ЖАНРА

Author(s): Marina Vladimirovna Zavarkina / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2016

The article studies the problem of genre in the literary works of A. Platonov. The viewpoint on the author’s manner of thinking as “genre busting” that is very popular in Platonov Studies is argued here. The article analyzes the main genres of his creative work: verses, a publicistic and literary-critical article, a story, a short novel, a novel, a play, a script, a fairy tale. The diversity of genres used by the author represents a certain way of self-expression chosen by the author strategically. As it is shown in the article, because of the problems with censorship A. Platonov modified the same ideas trying to introduce them in different genres for the purpose of applying to his readers. In the artistic heritage of A. Platonov it is possible to detect a genre system that allows us to outline the periods of his creative work, according to his genre preferences at a particular point in time. Genre diversity in the presence of a certain range of recurrent ideas confirms the viewpoint of the writer’s works as one text.

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Eros i Psyche. Mit opowiedziany na nowo

Eros i Psyche. Mit opowiedziany na nowo

Author(s): Edyta Szczurek-Maksymiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2014

Till we have faces: The myth retold is the last novel by C.S. Lewis, who was one of the greatest Christian writers in the twentieth century. The novel tells the story of Orual, daughter of king of Glome, which is a little barbarian country that lies behind the borders of the Hellenistic world. The story is based upon the myth of Cupid and Psyche. The first written version of this myth appears in the chapter of The golden ass by Apuleius. Lewis himself makes a statement in afterword of his book that he “felt quite free to go behind Apuleius”. Apuleius was rather a transmitter than inventor of the tale in Lewis’s opinion. As he says later “[Apuleius] in relation to my work he is a source, not an influence nor model”. Till we have faces is a re-telling of the myth of Cupid and Psyche from the point of view of Orual, Psyche’s ugly sister. I decided to point out differences and similarities in the telling of the tale of Cupid and Psyche by Apuleius and by Lewis. Generally the plot is the same. In both versions there are symbols easy to point out: Psyche as a Soul, Cupid as a Love, Venus-Ungit and also Redival as a Flesh and Orual as something between Psyche and her younger sister, Redival. There are some threads treated differently, as for example jealousy of gods and Psyche’s sisters. Psyche’s sisters in The golden ass are jealous of Psyche’s wealth, her palace and the fact that she is probably married to god. Therefore they decide to take her happiness away by deceiving her. In Till we have faces Orual is jealous of Psyche herself and her love. She thinks that gods have taken Psyche from her and therefore she writes accusation against them. The most important difference is that Orual cannot see Psyche’s palace. As Lewis says in his afterword: “The central alteration in my own version consists in making Psyche’s palace invisible to normal, mortal eyes – if making is not the wrong word for something which forced itself upon me, almost at my first reading of the story, as the way the thing must have been. This change of course brings with it a more ambivalent motive and a different character for my heroine and finally modifies the whole quality of the tale.” Despite differences both tales tell about a union with God. In Apuleius’ version Psyche, after her service for Venus, is united with Cupid. In the ending of Till we have faces Orual is united with Psyche and gods. Also both stories are about journey. In The golden ass there is a spirit journey to a union with god, which one can achieve through beauty. In Till we have faces there is no allegorical journey, but Orual makes her way to self-understanding by writing a book about her fight with gods. In the end she meets God face to face and gains peace.

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How to Write an American Death Notice: Some Guidelines for Novice Obituarists

How to Write an American Death Notice: Some Guidelines for Novice Obituarists

Author(s): Grzegorz Cebrat / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The article aims at helping non-native speakers of English to write death notices, following the requirements of American tradition of the genre. It is based on the theoretical research into the genre, carried out by its author, who analyzed 1076 contemporary New York Times notices, according to Moves and Steps model of genre analysis by J. Swales and V. Bhatia. Having distinguished the death notice from the obituary, the author presents the communicative functions of the genre and its structure, consisting of seven moves, each made up of one to seven steps. Their presentation and brief analysis is accompanied by 100 patterns and templates, which allows intermediate (B1–B2) students of English to create their own texts successfully step by step.

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