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A Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma: Deception, Truth and Modernism

Author(s): Roland Boer / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article deals with the widespread assumption that a significant collection of texts known as the Bible is inherently ‘deceptive’. That is, the Bible does not – it is assumed – say what was ‘really’ going on in the ancient world. The truth, therefore, must be found by going behind or beneath the text (the spatial metaphors should be noted). Here the real story may found, through archaeology or reading the text against itself. This approach may be described as a modernist ‘depth model’, in which the surface attempts to conceal the truth, while the truth itself must be found by going around the surface text. This remains a dominant approach in biblical criticism. However, it cannot be understood without earlier and indeed, in some quarters, current assumptions concerning the realist nature of the text. In this case, the text reflects in a reasonably trustworthy fashion the context of the text, if not the ideological assumptions and positions of the putative authors. Modernist ‘depth models’ may then be seen as attempts to respond to realist assumptions. A third moment is what could be called postmodern: in this case, the distance between surface and depth is challenged, so that the various possibilities become equal contestants for the dominant position. This entails a shift away from the assumption of a singular truth of the text, characteristic of both realist and modernist assumptions, to the understanding of multiple truth claims – not as relative but as absolutes that permit other absolutes. The argument emphasises that these approaches should be seen as dialectically related to one another, rather that mutually exclusive approaches.

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A Study about Hino Ashihei’s “Stone and Nail” and “Ghost” in Comparison with Mizuki Shigeru’s Comic “Urine” Based on Legends from the Kyūshū Region

Author(s): Chikako Masuda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Hino Ashihei served the longest time for Japan, in the Pacific War, and was widely known as a war writer. Also, he greatly loved one kind of Japanese goblin (yōkai) called kappa, and wrote many novels, children’s stories, and essays about them. He published a collection of forty-three kappa stories called “Kappa Mandala”, and other collections like “Kappa Ascension, “Kappa Conference” , and “Twelve Kappa Stories”. However, this group of works by Hino about kappa has not been studied yet. In this paper, from the many works about kappa which Hino wrote, I will discuss “Stone and Nail”「石と釘」, a story based on a folktale from the author’s birthplace. Although an absurd children’s story, “Stone and Nail” carries within it Hino’s longing for peace. Here, I will also discuss the comic titled “Urine”「小便」, based on two of Hino’s stories, “Stone and Nail” and “Ghost”「亡霊」, and drawn by Mizuki Shigeru, a Japanese cartoonist who loved yōkai.

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A Tale within a Tale: Mise en Abyme Adaptations of the Twenty-first Century

Author(s): Željka Flegar / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

In accord with the promise made by Henry Jenkins that “old and new media will interact in ever more complex ways” (Convergence Culture 6), this research observes metamodern fairy tale adaptations of the twenty-first century in light of Christina Bacchilega’s construct of the fairy-tale web and Henry Jenkins’ theory of convergence culture and transmedia storytelling. The research will address the growing trend of embedding “wonder tale” collections within the context of a larger narrative as an artefact of significance, power, and material value. Although original tales with known authorship, these fairy tale adaptations are appended to the mythology and culture of the fantastic secondary worlds. Such texts tend to be parodic, subversive, and even carnivalesque (Bakhtin; Stephens), providing a commentary on the culture of their origin, as well as our own. By blending cultures, styles, and formats, mise en abyme wonder tales also result in the empowerment of specifically marginalised groups. Generally defined as spin-offs that are otherwise a part of a complex inter- and hypertextual web, these fairy tale collections constitute a metafictional body of knowledge and wisdom. In the digital era much focus is placed on multimodal, hypertextual, and transmedia narratives with a significant influence of fandom on the production of such literary works. The study will focus on the popular examples of such practice, J.K. Rowling’s Tales of Beedle the Bard (2007/2008) and Ransom Riggs’ Tales of the Peculiar (2016), in order to define mise en abyme fairy tale adaptations, as well as to discuss their cultural significance and function.

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A Trans(l)atlantic Transfer of Cultural Values: Constructing a Canada-Related Cultural Reader Series for the Secondary English Classroom in Central Europe

Author(s): Mátyás Bánhegyi,Judit Nagy / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

The ‘Canada in the English Classroom’ joint research team of the University of Colongne and Károli Gáspár University of the Hungarian Reformed Church has been producing a cultural reader series to enhance the dissemination of up-to-date and engaging cultural information on Canada through general English language classes for the secondary school age group in Central Europe. The cultural reader series is seen as a means of facilitating cultural discourse and cross-cultural learning, also advocated in Canadian contexts by Berrell and Gloet (1999). Using Kramsch’s (1991) and Damen’s (2003) theories, the readers have been devised so that more abstract and/or lesser-known Canadian cultural aspects can be brought closer to the target group through English as a foreign language. To realize this objective in an effective way in the English classroom, Gochenour and Janeway’s (1993) model of culture learning has been observed, which advocates the gradual involvement of students in culture-related issues: starting from observation of culture moving towards genuine communication about culture. After introducing the cultural reader series project briefly, the paper will discuss the theoretical background behind the series and the project activities leading up to the preparation and compilation of its completed volumes. As a next step, an overview of the content of these volumes and the accompanying teacher’s notes will be presented. This will be followed by a sample unit demonstration of how the series achieves the goals that research has targeted.

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Abode of the soul of humans, animals and objects in Mongolian folk belief

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Abode of the soul of humans, animals and objects in Mongolian folk belief

Author(s): Alice Sárközi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2008

The soul of man resides in different parts of the body on each day of the month. The concerned body part should be handled with care, as if it is hurt, it causes extreme harm. The yurt, just like animals, also has a soul. The paper presents five small hand-books — from the collection of the Oriental Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, from the St. Petersburg Oriental Collection of the Russian Academy and from private possession — indicating the abode of the soul in humans, the yurt and animals.

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Absence de décision. Examen de quelques récits brefs des XIIe et XIIIe siècles

Author(s): Anna Gęsicka / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2012

The absence of decision making is one of the aspects of the issues of will and choices in short French court narratives of the XII and XIII centuries. The paper focuses on two executions that present this motif. Protagonists facing numerous options – or, on the contrary, being faced with dramatic turning points in the plot that restrict their choices – feel a kind of a decision deadlock. In the analysed texts, the absence of decision – short or long term – is shown in the narratives with ‘ne set que faire’ formula (“does not know, what to do”) and a reference to advice needed by the indecisive protagonist.

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Absence du romanesque dans le roman hybride de Charles Nodier – Adèle

Author(s): Andrzej Rabsztyn / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2011

This paper deals with intentional breakaway of novel elements in romantic story published in 1820. On the one hand, the book belongs to the rich tradition of epistolary, on the other, it also gives un example of how formal borders can be transgressed between novel composed of letters and novel written as intimate diary, what leads to the disappearance of typical novel elements in texts from the turn of XVII and XVIII c. This absence of fiction appears firstly in paratext (especially in preface to the novel), where the author presents his own concept of novel, and then in letters.

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Absents et absences dans les Essais de Montaigne

Author(s): Denis Bjaï / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2011

Except for Étienne de la Boétie, the friend for ever gone but whose presence pervades the Essais so vividly, the reader can notice the nearly total – and therefore puzzling – absence of Montaigne’s mother, Antoinette de Louppes, contrasting with the recurrent mentions to his father, Pierre Eyquem. He will also encounter strange omissions, such as Montaigne’s silence on St-Bartholomew’s Day massacre, and telling lapses, for instance on the answers given to young King Charles IX by the cannibals from Brazil. Do the Essais really “tell everything” (On vanity, III, 9), as Montaigne claims they do ?

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Adaptare și imitație în romanele "No Time Like the Present", de Nadine Gordimer și „Vremea Minunilor", de Cătălin Dorian Florescu

Author(s): Simina Timofte / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

In a series of lectures in 1994, Nadine Gordimer remarks the different status of Africa which is no longer at the edge of the empire, but on the contrary, in the center of it. In this respect, post-apartheid Africa has rebuilt its national identity on the background of global events that write universal history, offering citizens the chance to escape their country's constraints and bring important key elements in the globalization process.Thus, replacing apartheid themes in a new country is an extreme taskby the applicant. Some of the favourite subjects of the "old guard" are the following: the importance of multiculturalism in post-apartheid South Africa, the writer's status, vulgarisation of violence due to mass-media, reconciliation with a violent past and their economic and cultural implications, the fight against AIDS, sexual emancipation, globalization and loss of cultural and national identity, uprooting, migration and economic exile which replaced major pre-existing concerns about violence, racial and gender discrimination, the relationship between literature and politics, or the role of ethics in literature.The same situation can be applied to eastern countries. Even though they were not "postcolonial" in the classical sense of the term, applicable to the former British, French, Spanish, Portuguese or Dutch colonies, the "post-communist transition" through which they passed included the disarmament of a certain political and economic "occupation".People had to adapt to the new order, to the new reality, which was a complex process, a difficult one, that implied, many times, exile.Therefore, the purpose of my argument is to present what consequences can occur at the psychological level because of the attempt of adaptation of the characters to the new social and political order, by imitation, postcolonial and post-communist context. And here comes the question: does imitation facilitate adaptation? Although the logical answer would be yes, we will notice, by discussing the two texts, exactly the opposite.

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Adapting the Adapted: The Black Rapist Myth in E.R. Burroughs’ Tarzan of the Apes and Its Film Adaptations

Author(s): Biljana Oklopcic / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Whether in art or science, adaptation does not refer to something original but to a mutated and permutated version of a pre-existing original. In literature, adaptation occurs first when real-life stories are adapted into fiction; these fictions then often undergo a second technological adaptation as literary works are adapted into theatrical productions for stage or film. This paper explores one such doubled adaptation; it examines how the black rapist myth, which grew out of the social and cultural realities of the Jim Crow South, was transformed in E.R. Burroughs’ portrayal of Terkoz in the popular adventure novel, Tarzan of the Apes (1914), and then how this fiction was adapted into multiple and varied films between 1918 and 2016.

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ADLÎ DÎVÂNI VE AHMET PAŞA DÎVÂNI’NIN ANLAM DÜNYASI BAKIMINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Author(s): Yakup Yeşilyaprak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 36/2017

Almost everybody who is interested in literature and poetry has an idea in terms of rating a poet as a good poet or a bad poet in his mind. However, the same is not the case according to what criteria this rating is performed. If there are no criteria and concrete references in the mind of the person in terms of a rating or evaluation, the rating or evaluation in question will be unhealthy. This also indicates that the person does not have the necessary consciousness and accumulation of knowledge when evaluating a literary work. Because, if the person regards a literary text as superior to another literary text based on some criteria, his criteria or provision, which is the result of these criteria, even if they are wrong, can provide important data concerning the nature of the text. In this study, the criteria and concrete references that distinguish a literary text from another literary text, or a poet from another poet were put forward specific to the case of the divans of Adli (Adlî) and Ahmet Pasha. The aim, however, was both to demonstrate the role of the method of comparison in achieving the true character of a literary work, and to encourage people to turn to concrete references when two poets or literary works are compared or evaluated. The reason behind the selection of Ahmet Pasha and Adli as poets was to believe that it was necessary to compare Ahmet Pasha – being considered by many researchers to be the best poet of his time and the founder of the classical Turkish poetry, but not much concrete data have been presented to support this – and Adlî – relatively having remained in the shadows – based on concrete data. Accordingly, it was one of the most important goals of this study to suggest criteria to consider when a poem is said to be good or bad. In this direction, the materials that the poets possessed and the way they used these materials constituted the basic action points of this study.

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African Woman Rises from the Ashes: Alice Walker’s Mimicry of Classic Ethnography in Possessing the Secret of Joy

Author(s): Zohreh Ramin,Farshid Nowrouzi Roshnavand / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Before the advent of deconstructive schools of thought in the second half of the twentieth century, anthropology and ethnography were hailed as scientific disciplines whose major consideration was to provide an objective analysis of other cultures. However, the launch of such critical approaches as postcolonialism, feminism, and postmodernism has nullified the two disciplines’ claim to scientificity and objectivity by laying bare their sexist, racist backdrop. In the postist zeitgeist, new ethnographies have been promoted in an attempt to disrupt the hierarchical relationship between the researcher and the studied subject of classic ethnography through including first-hand marginalized voices. Moreover, they blur the long-held generic boundaries between science and fiction via establishing the “ethnographic novel” as a medium that committedly voices the subalterns. Alice Walker’s Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992) is one of these new ethnographic novels which has as its protagonist an oppressed African woman. What makes Walker’s work distinct and notable is that the feminist writer subversively employs the conventional mode of ethnographic writing to stand up to African patriarchy and its horrific ritual of female circumcision.

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AHMET HAMDİ TANPINAR HİKÂYECİLİĞİNDE ZAMAN ve MEKÂNIN KULLANIMI: “YAZ GECESİ” HİKÂYESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): İbrahim Veli SÖZER,Bilal DEMİR / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 54/2022

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, one of the important names of the New Turkish Literature chair in Turkish literature, is a very important name as a literary researcher, novelist, poet and story writer. He also wrote successful stories in the literary sense with the story books Abdullah Efendi's Rüyaları and Yaz Yağmuru, which he published. Tanpınar's understanding of time, which comes from Bergson's philosophy, presents a holistic structure. The importance of the concept of time, especially felt in poems, plays a dominant role in Tanpınar's stories as well. The time element, as a narrative element, gains meaning together with the space in the stories. In this study, the use of time and space in Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's story "Yaz Gecesi" will be examined.

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Akwarium i luneta. Metaforyka okulocentryczna w twórczości Brunona Schulza

Author(s): Katarzyna Szalewska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 11/2018

The paper is an analysis of the motif of glass in the fiction of Bruno Schulz. The writer’s fascination with this particular material is related to the experience of modernity, sinceglass served as the substance of permanent and repetitive phantasms. In this respect, Schulz’s writing can be read as an artistically processed testimony of fascination with one of the material dimensions of modernity, which was glass architecture. The author interprets the modernist oculocentrism in Schulz’s stories, focusing on transparency in the spatial figures of the author of Cinnamon Shops (including panoramas, glass balls,telescopes, etc.).

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ALAADDİN SABİT BOSNALI“KÜLLİYATI”NIN YAZMA NUSHALARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMALI İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Şehla Halilli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 41/2019

The information about the life and creative activity of Alaeddin Sabit Bosnavi, well-known representative of Turkish literature is found in translations, encyclopedias, textbooks and scientific literature. He was born in Hijrah 1060 (Chr. 1650) in Uzice settlement of Bosnia. The poet received his primary education from one of outstanding scholars of Bosnia, Khalil Afandi. Afterwards, he came to Istanbul to continue his education. Later Sabit had worked in provinces of Edirne, Crimea, Tekirdağ, Sarajevo, Konya, Diyarbakır as a confessor, mevlevi and mudarris in different years. Sabit died on Shaban 3, 1124 (September, 1712). Sabit has “Divan”, “Derename”, “Barbarname”, “Adham and Huma” masnavis, “Zafarnama” written for Crimean khan, Salim Garay, large poem “Amrulleys”, play like “Hadisi- arbain translation and interpretation” half prose and verse. Sabit wanted to create “Khamsa” with his plays, but failed as he passed away. Despite the wide spread of the manuscripts of Sabit’s “Kulliyyat”, they have not been comparatively studied in the Azerbaijani literature. AlaeddinSabitBosnavi’s "Kulliyat" was compared with other manuscript copies obtained and analyzed either historically and textual, or philologically by us. While copying the copies, upon trying to discover the differences, mistakes and distortions between the texts, we have found each text’s containing of a number of errors. There are cases of accidental or deliberate diminution of words, as well as missing or addition of words. Some copies have corrections of these errors in the edges of the pages, while, some do not. We believe that, the corrected mistakes or distortions caused by the secretary's negligence or low level of knowledge. The secretary copied to his own wish, but needed to show the words or phrases that he believed to be wrong inside the copy he transcribed on the edge of the page. There are sufficient purposeful or aimless errors and omissions in the copies of Sabit’s “Kulliyyat”. Taking into account the requirements of the text studies, these copies have been comparatively analyzed.

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Alageyik Efsanesi ile Kocacaş Destanında Ortak Unsurlar

Author(s): Şule Gezer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 89/2017

Literature from the past up to the present day from the value judgments of the society, the perception of life and their beliefs in their world hosts the content. In this regard, literature is a tool that enables the transfer of Culture. That belong to the past period, a belief, a way of life, sometimes when it is transferred to the current social environment is repeated. In this case, literary narratives, as a literary production have been associated with the old content, and carry traces of them. These texts provides the transition between the collective consciousness of a nation that is under the transfer of intellectual values caused by an organic bond. This bond that exists in modern culture as renewed in the past through a narrative similar occurs again. In addition, has a common background and the same culture at different times in different regions from each other, brothers who are members of communities of faith bearing the same motifs and similar elements of narratives can reveal. In this study, a common history and culture, Turkish culture, with the two brothers belonging to the community two of the common motif of narrative texts. will be evaluated in terms of. One dimension of this narrative that carries the legend of a folk literary narrative of Yaşar Kemal entitled The fallow deer, and the other that belongs to the Kyrgyz Turks and Kococas that are present in the oral environment is epic. Beliefs that the Turks belong to the period of hunting and gathering, which is located in the center of this narrative, this period featured in the deer/is centered around the cult of the loser. In this context, narratives and motifs that are common to both episodes have been identified. This partnership in which both of Turkish tribes in the cultural sense, born from the same source, the same culture in different geographies of the phenomena that they are.

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Aleksandar Hemon i Etgar Keret: komparativna analiza autobiografske proze obilježene ratom

Author(s): Karolina Zelenika / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 71-72/2018

Raznolikost dugotrajnog čitateljskog iskustva, kao i različitost akademskih interesa na književnom polju nerijetko izrode neobične predmete proučavanja. Pri upoznavanju svjetske književnosti mnogi se autori i motivi njihovih djela mogu dovesti u komparativnu vezu, čime se znanost o književnosti nesumnjivo obogaćuje. Takvi su se pisci, premda potpuno različitog porijekla i različitih stilova, našli i u našem fokusu. Naime, bosanskohercegovački odnosno američki pisac Aleksandar Hemon (1964) i izraelski pisac Etgar Keret (1967), osim po pisanju kratkih priča i romana, dijele sličnosti i u stvarnom životu.

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ALICE VOINESCU – TERITORIUL JURNALULUI INTIM

Author(s): Amalia Drăgulănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10/2017

As Tolstoy was preaching a kind of theory of everything in his own diary, the writer Alice Voinescu dedicates hundreds of pages to her autobiographical writing which are overwhelming for the reader, in fact there are only a few fragments of a life subjected to fate. Comprising brief or panoramic sociological considerations or notations somewhat sentimental about couple relationships, or most often designed considerations of the self, the Diary becomes a three-dimensional perspective on that period of time. Although extremely like a mosaic, as any autobiographical volume, however it decants some coordinates that relate to their own character and personality traits, to the complicated relationship with her husband, or others, or to the embracing idea of divinity. It seems that Alice Voinescu’s diary conveys little emotion to the readers; however, the calculated appearance does not fully cancel the thrilling experiences, showing the strength of the reader’s transposition in the inter-war period. Not only through memories has the writer indulged a sort of addiction to the past, although she has a subtle representation of the times, and especially a fantastic intuition of the following periods of distress. However, the writer tries to follow a self-discipline, too complex for the society in which she lives, and the pages of the journal prove this. Egocentrism is another defining feature for the diaristic portrait, sketched by others, but also as a self-portrait, referring to the positive assertion of individualism and a variety of hidden misanthropy, under different masks of sociability. Within the diary, the memoirist indulges herself in philosophical reflections, illustrating an unprecedented spiritual wealth. History also remains an implacable frame exceeding the spiritual contours of the journal and, at a certain point, it draws a specific direction (the reclusion of Costeşti). The vast diary of Alice Voinescu is such a huge territory on the border between fictional and non-fictional, with stronger intrusions in the later one, but also keeping oases of literature.

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Aliens in Love: Testing Bloom’s Theory of the Anxiety of Influence

Author(s): Tõnis Parksepp / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The article aims to test the universality of Harold Bloom’s theory of the anxiety of influence. Underneath Bloom’s favourite tropes (Kabbalistic, psychoanalytic, Shakespearean, Miltonian, Blakean etc.) lies a diachronic system of misreading, which can be useful in analysing texts without any direct connections between them. By comparing two culturally distant but rhetorically similar prose texts, Friedebert Tuglas’s short story At the End of the World (1915) and Stanisław Lem’s novel Solaris (1961), this article suggests that it is possible to overcome the accustomed boundaries of national literary histories. Both of these stories depict a communication error when humans are confronted with the unknown other. The texts have alternative figures describing the alien and similar tropes presenting the human. To explore the potentiality of figurative kinship between the two authors who are strangers to each other is not an ill-fated quest, but a search, which would eventually allow us to see some hidden patterns that literary studies usually miss.

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All Eyes in Swinging London: Antonioni’s “Blow-Up” and the Maze of Violence

Author(s): Sławomir Masłoń / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Antonioni’s “Blow-Up”, released in late 1966, is usually taken, on the one hand, to represent (celebratingly and scandalously) the youth culture of Swinging London and, on the other, the problems of (tenuous) relation between reality and its representation (the main protagonist thinks he discovers a murder by analysing photographs he has taken). Although most critics have attempted to link these two levels by means of some existential metaphor (most often: the main protagonist who represents the image-crazed youth of Swinging London encounters its biggest taboo, death, which is unrepresentable to boot), the paper proposes a more literal and political interpretation arguing that the abstraction of blurry grain of silver halide into which the image of the corpse finally dissolves in a series of photographic blow-ups is a way of representing something which also cannot have a proper image: the all-pervasive but no longer perceptible lowkey everyday violence which constitutes the propelling force of the supposedly emancipated “swinging” lifestyle.

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