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Between emotion, imagination and cognition: Play as a hybrid neuro-evolutionary concept in bridging Saussure, Hegel and Alexander von Humboldt

Author(s): Jui-Pi Chien / Language(s): English Issue: 2-3/2015

This study seeks to discover hidden links between Saussure’s Third Course of Lectures on General Linguistics, Hegel’s Introductory Lectures on Aesthetics / Philosophy of Mind and Alexander von Humboldt’s Cosmos. To begin with, the notion of play is employed to examine the interplay between our emotion, imagination and cognition, and to examine how such a composite of faculties serves to unify conceptualizations of communicationmodelling systems, philosophical hermeneutics and moral psychology in our times. At discovering a certain future-oriented and symbiotic scheme of time implied in these theories, the inquiry moves on to engage with certain perspectives on the evolution of our verbal and nonverbal capacities.

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Интенсификация высказывания как проявление русского коммуникативного стиля

Author(s): Alla Borisovna Likhachiova / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2012

The article is devoted to the analysis of Russian intensifiers – words which provide the strong expressivity of Russian speech and texts. The category of intensity is defined as a measure of emotionality and expressiveness and a particular manifestation of the category of quantity (or graduality) in speech. For an adequate understanding of Russian texts, including media texts, not only explicitly expressed intensifiers, but also the implicit senses of intensifying words should be taken into account. In the article, attention is paid to the potential correlation between the intenseness of a text and the typical features of the Russian communicative style, such as emotional pressure, short psychological distance, retraction of the interlocutor into the speaker’s emotional sphere, etc. It is suggested that, for a proper understanding of the relation between the national mentality and the usage and popularity of certain lexical units, and, moreover, for an understanding of which languages are close to or far from Russian in speech intensity, the description of the level of linguistic expressiveness of the utterance in Russian, as well as in other languages, should include the research of a national communicative style.

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Yabancı Dil Öğretiminde Teknoloji Tabanlı Etkileşim: Second Life Örneği

Author(s): Semin Kazazoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 164/2014

According to the theory of 'Social Interaction', second language acquisition occurs through interactions including mutual conversation (Vygotsky, 1978). However, how the input within the framework of interaction is made comprehensible is crucial. Interactive modifications during conversation facilitates language acquisition by providing comprehensible input. In this context, it has been put forward that the speakers of the target language contribute to the learners’ performance level. In this study, the effect of Second Life, three-dimensional on-line virtual environment providing learning opportunities to foreign language learners outside the classroom, on the process of interaction in foreign language has been examined. The findings suggest that Second Life provides social interaction and it can be used as an effective educational tool so as to communicate with native speakers, and learn about different cultures.

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Kompetencje składniowe dzieci w wieku 6,5–7,5 (na przykładzie wypowiedzi z czasownikami ruchu)

Author(s): Natalia Siudzińska,Kamila Brzeszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article is devoted to selected issues associated with acquiring syntax competence by children who are beginning early school education. The principal aim of the article is to demonstrate how children at this age attain sentence structures constituted by verbs of movement. The feature of the selected predicates is the fact that they open a position for the biggest out of all verb classes number of positions opened by a predicate (an agent, three locative positions, an object, a tool), which gives an opportunity to view the process of acquiring syntax competence by children. Sentences with verbs of movement, chosen form utterances of children whose task was to describe situations presented in illustrations, served as the material for the research. Studies have shown that children aged between six and a half to seven and a half were able to employ the verbs of movement and the proper syntactic structure appropriately in the given circumstances. Two-position structures (single, undeveloped sentences) dominated the collected data, indicating that children create short and precise messages, naming only what is most important for them in the illustration (i.e. what they considered to be the subject of the statement). The children employed all syntactic positions. The most frequently employed positions were LOCATOR [which way] in the verbs of linear movement, TOOL and OBJECT in the phrasal verbs. The LOCATOR [from] was the least employed position. The study demonstrated that syntax development is inextricably linked to the increase in the number of words in the child’s active vocabulary. The evidence for the above statement was derived from the errors resulting from the limited amount of lexical resources acquired by children within this age group. The children did not show any major problems when it came to employing inflected forms of words. The problem was only the correct use of prepositions, especially in the context of employing the LOCATOR position [which way]. The examination findings have confirmed the presuppositions of the authors that despite the diversity of syntax positions this class of verbs is mastered fairly well by children at this age.

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MULTIDIMENSINIS POŽIŪRIS Į MIKČIOJIMO VERTINIMĄ IR ĮVEIKIMĄ

Author(s): Rita Kantanavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1 (47)/2017

A multidimensional structure of stuttering explains the interaction between various factors and determines their individual features. Stuttering is often understood as a speech fluency disorder ignoring its components and structure. A detailed assessment of the child’s stuttering helps provide stuttering exit strategies and aid modalities. Researchers’ differently define stuttering, as psychogenic, neurogenic, learned behaviour disorder. Research aim is to provide a multidimensional structure of stuttering and its use for the assessment and treatment of stuttering in preschool age children. Research results revealed that a multidimensional approach to stuttering, its assessment and treatment corresponds to the CALMS model, which includes cognitive, affective, linguistic, motor and social components. The CALMS model explains how educational elements can be applied to teaching children with mild and severe stuttering. A multidimensional approach to stuttering can be recommended when planning and providing stuttering treatment in preschool age children.

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THE EFFECT OF EMOTIONS ON TRANSLATION PERFORMANCE

Author(s): Sonja K. Kimovska,Vladimir Cvetkoski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of emotions and some personality traits on translation performance. It builds on Rojo and Ramos’s (2016) findings and is broadly based on their methodology, but introduces some methodological changes. It replicates their experiment with translation students in another language pair (English L2>Macedonian L1) following their three step procedure: resiliency test, translation-bogus feedback-translation, self-reporting questionnaire. Following their recommendations (ibid.), the change in methodology involves using comparatively easier translation tasks. The paper aims to provide answers as to: the effect of positive and negative emotions on overall translation performance; the effect of positive and negative emotions on different aspects of translation performance (accuracy vs. creativity) and the role of the personality trait of resilience in regulating negative emotions.

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ZNAČAJ RANOG UČENJA STRANOG JEZIKA U KONTEKSTU POTICAJNOG JEZIČNO-KOMUNIKACIJSKOG OKRUŽENJA

Author(s): Dženeta Camović,Larisa Kasumagić Kafedžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2016

Mnoga znanstvena istraživanja ističu važnost ranog odgoja te stvaranja poticajnog okruženja za komunikaciju na stranom jeziku. Djeca predškolskog uzrasta imaju neizmjerne kapacitete za učenje stranog jezika te je stoga važno oblikovati bogato jezičko-komunikacijsko okruženje u kojem će dijete imati priliku da kroz obilje raznovrsnih interakcija (s drugom djecom, odraslima i okruženjem) usvaja strani jezik aktivnim i izravnim sudjelovanjem. U tom smislu, kreativne aktivnosti s djecom u kontekstu fizičkog i socijalnog okruženja dobivaju veliku važnost, tim prije, što su usmjerene na proces, a ne rezultat učenja. Novija istraživanja mozga, također, pokazuju kako je s učenjem stranog jezika važno započeti što ranije, jer je učenje najefikasnije kada se odvija u zonama optimalnog razvoja i u kritičnim periodima za učenje. Kako se i u teoriji učenja i usvajanja stranog jezika govori o kritičnom periodu, u radu se sagledavaju razvojne karakteristike djece predškolskog uzrasta (od 4 do 7 godina), predstavljaju se osnovne karakteristike prirodnog učenja svojstvenog ovoj uzrasnoj grupi, a poseban akcent stavlja se na važnost i „ozbiljnost“ igre i poticajnog okruženja s ciljem kreativnog i spontanog učenja stranog jezika.

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Анализ на маркери за устна реч в интервю на тема младежките години на информатора Йордан Йосифов Радоев

Author(s): Konstantin Radoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

This paper focuses in detail on characteristics in the oral speech of an 85-year-old man with the goal of identifying specific colloquial and dialectally colloquial features on the levels of phonetics and phonology; morphology; syntax and pragmatics within the context of an unprepared; unofficial communicative situation – in this case; an interview. This text can be used for diachronic comparative analyses of different generations’ oral speech.

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The Productivity of the - Ise Suffix in a Corpus of Medical Articles

Author(s): Adrian Năznean / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2015

Undoubtedly, English is one of the richest languages spoken globally, if not the richest. Thousands of new words enter its lexicon on a yearly basis, which is partly due to the developments that technology and scientific advancement bring. Its richness is also indebted to its role as the lingua franca in medical communication. However, this status is attributable to the productivity of certain roots and affixes which allow the formation of new words. This paper studies the productivity of the -ise suffix in a corpus of medical articles in the field of histopathology.

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Insulta – între disfemism și marcă a proximității afective

Author(s): Roxana Pașca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2021

The present investigative approach proposes an analysis of insults from a socio-, psycho- and pragma-linguistic perspective, aiming to reveal the complex character of this type of communication. Given that insults, as reactive acts of speech, are dependent on both the intentions of the speaker and the way the receiver decodes the statement, we suggested a classification based on the illocutionary point (motivated insults—with negative or positive illocutionary point—and unmotivated insults) and on the propositional content (direct insults—within this category, we analyzed the lexical innovations generated by the Covid-19 pandemic, especially the dysphemic use of the participle (substantivized) adjective covidat—and indirect insults). Although the oral communication provides the necessary data for the manifestation of insults, in addition to the sequences selected from TV shows, we chose messages written on various social networking sites and excerpts from online forums. Under the protection of anonymity, users are uninhibited and they violate socially imposed linguistic norms without fear of being held accountable for their actions.

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Insults – between dysphemisms and markers of emotional closeness

Author(s): Roxana Pașca / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2021

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Alcune note su un continuum paremiologico e fraseologico romanzo

Author(s): Oana Sălișteanu / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2021

The frequent comparison between Italian proverbs and set phrases and their correlated units in other national neo-Latin languages (Portuguese, Spanish, French and Romanian) can only evince the existence of a paremiological and phraseological Romance continuum, about whose axes of variation we would like to make some short remarks. Unfortunately, as traditional communities have almost disappeared all over the world, the paremiological treasure of each language is in constant decline. The first part of the paper considers the main formal and semantic structures shared by proverbs and idioms in all five languages which allow us to speak about a Pan-Romance continuum, with some possible “holes” in the Romance proverbs net. One may notice that he realia of Mediterranean lands are certainly very different from those reflected in the isolated Romanian language, and consequently, due to the shared social, Catholic, and geographical context, the proverbs of Western Romània are much more compact and similar, as they have been constantly strengthened by centuries of cultural and linguistic bonds. As far as their clear or obscure messages are concerned, the range spreads from a perfect semantic and formal match (as in pro memoria proverbs) up to a very high level of idiomaticity and therefore of untranslatability. There are at least two major categories of causes which brought to perfect similarity in all Romance languages: borrowed elements and internal evolution (due to the Latin heritage, due to the text of the Holy Scriptures or due to a plausible parallel development). The last part of the paper will point out the elements that do not overlap in this contrastive analysis (equivalent set phrases based on divergent types of metaphors, or diachronically, diatopically, diastratically and diaphasically marked proverbs and sayings of Romània).

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Interruption as a reflection of speaker’s identity in the 2020 US presidential debates

Author(s): Alexey A. Tymbay / Language(s): English Issue: 92/2021

The article establishes the role of interruption as a key communicative strategy which defined the character of the 2020 US presidential debates. It is posited that the participants of the debates, namely Donald Trump and Joseph Biden, realized how effective certain types of linguistic behavior could be and deliberately used specific communicative tactics to achieve better results and win the voters’ support. Some of the strategies that the participants resorted to were merely situational; however, most of the strategies identified in the research had a recurrent nature representing the debating styles of the politicians. It is also assumed in the study that repeated breaches of a normal turn–taking process such as systemic interruptions have the potential to modify the public perception of the politician’s communicative styles, which are seen in the paper as inherent components of the politicians’ identities.

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Kreativita u dětí a žáků s dyslexií

Author(s): Jan Viktorin / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

The literature review analyzes ten specialized papers, which are focused on the issue of increased creativity of children and students with dyslexia. In connection to dyslexia, it is beginning to talk not only about deficits, but also about its possible positives, which are developing in the context of possible weaknesses. In children and students with dyslexia, increased creative potential and excellent visualization skills are mentioned. Based on the results of foreign research studies, a significantly higher level of creativity in children and students with dyslexia in comparison with intact children andstudents was not clearly demonstrated.

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LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE: PSYCHOLINGUISTIC, LINGUISTIC CREATIVITY & METACOMMUNICATION

Author(s): Fausto Presutti / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This Psychology article presents the theoretical-conceptual models that characterizes the keys to understanding and to study mental capacity and communication skills, useful in being able to know and analyses Linguistic Intelligence. Studies on the development of Linguistic Intelligence have been conducted predominantly by the following disciplines:- Neurolinguistics that led to the formulation of mental imaginative insights as the fundamental conception of the Linguistic Generative Intelligence model,- Social Cognitive Psychology that led to the formulation of mental evolutionary adaptation as a fundamental principle of the Linguistic Constructive Intelligence model; Psychology of Communication that led to the formulation of continuous, dynamic and interactive relationship of the communication cycle as a fundamental axiom of the Communication Sciences.

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Language and Nationality

Author(s): Oleksandr Potebnia / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

There is a rather widespread belief that the originality of a nationality stands in direct relation to the degree of its estrangement from others and in inverse relation to its degree of civilization. Adherents of this belief explain it approximately as follows. We see, they say, that at the present time originality of manners, customs, and dress can be found only in remote corners of Europe, whereas in olden days it was a different story. Now the resident of an out-of-the-way place in Germany or France does not even look like a German or a Frenchman but bears a quite particular impress that belongs solely to the area in question. In contrast, in a civilized man, especially a man who has travelled much about Europe, there appears a general cultural type that is no longer characteristic of a Frenchman, Englishman, or German, but of a civilized man in general. Educated men of all nations have more in common, not only in theoretical convictions but also in features of character, than do the educated members of a people and their uneducated compatriots. Persuasive evidence of this, incidentally, is supplied by comparing oneself and one’s acquaintances with, on the one hand, heroes of foreign novels who are in the same social position and, on the other hand, representatives of the common people in Russian stories.

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Perpetuiranje rodnih stereotipa u hrvatskim rječnicima

Author(s): Tatjana Pišković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2016

In animistic speculative theories about the origin of grammatical gender, which are formed in the 18th century by J. G. Herder and J. Ch. Adelung, grammatical gender is interpreted as the result of manʼs efforts to make the world around them individualized, personified, animate and sexualized. In the 19th century, Jacob Grimm develops that idea, arguing that grammatical gender is an imaginational reflection and an extension of the natural gender. Moreover, Grimm perpetuates and canonizes that problematic thesis in his grammar of German language. There are a number of grammarians of English language that explain the gender of nouns for inanimate by analogy to the numerous stereotypes about male and female physical characteristics and sexual behavior. While Croatian grammariansʼ interpretation of the grammatical category of gender has never been so profane, Croatian lexicographers enrolled many gender prejudices in their definitions of nouns for women. Based on the lexicographic definition of nouns for women and men, the paper will point out how the Croatian dictionaries produce, perpetuate and authorize gender stereotypes.

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Tendințe actuale în cercetarea antonimiei

Author(s): Daniela Gheltofan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2015

Основное внимание в настоящей статье уделяется новым тенденциям в современных исследованиях по антонимии. В изучении антонимии открываются новые перспективы. Новые теоретические положения тесно связаны с признанием необходимости изучения языка в процессе его реализации, именно с изучением функциональной (дискурсивной) и когнитивной стороны языка. Таким образом, круг вопросов по антонимии постоянно расширяется: дискурсивная антонимия, контекстуальная антонимия, концептуальная антонимия, антонимический концепт, дискурсивные категории антонимии, фразеологическая антонимия, паремиологическая антонимия, стилистическая антонимия и др.

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Съществува ли текстова картина на света?

Author(s): Wojciech Kajtoch / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2022

The article "Is there a Text Image of the World" will present the most important opinions in Poland on the interdependence of the Linguistic Image of the World and the Text Image of the World. He will try to answer the title question on the basis of empirical examples. Establishing a Text Picture of the World is also a kind of discourse research. The text proposes to refer to the lexicographic tradition (creating thematic dictionaries) and to the quantitative lexical analysis of the content. The empirical material used in the article consists of three text corpora of 250,000 words each. They collect texts taken from youth magazines of the 1990s. The views presented in the article are in opposition to the findings of the Lublin school of ethnolinguistics

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Foreign Language Pedagogy in the Light of Cognitive Linguistics Research (Series Second Language Learning and Teaching), edited by Grzegorz Drożdż and Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż

Author(s): Daniel Karczewski / Language(s): English Issue: 04 (35)/2021

Review of: DANIEL KARCZEWSKI - Foreign Language Pedagogy in the Light of Cognitive Linguistics Research (Series Second Language Learning and Teaching), edited by Grzegorz Drożdż and Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020, 131 pp.

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