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Представление значимых смыслов в дискурсе (Тв программа "Наблюдатель")

Author(s): Roza Ahmetovna Karimova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2018

The mass media (radio and television) play an important role in activating the relations between culture and society. They also present to the addressee the values and meanings of the contemporary consciousness that originate from the creative environment and are justified by this environment as socially significant ones. An example of such a media perspective is the program “Observer” (tv channel “Russia Culture”) with its focus on socio-cultural phenomena.

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Езиковата игра в лозунгите на съвременния протестиращ българин

Author(s): Niya Peneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The present science paper represents some of the basic verbal forms of linguistic game used in slogans that are shown in civil protest demonstrations in Bulgaria. With the help of these basic verbal forms the linguistic game in slogans gets realized in a very interesting ways.

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За някои "нови" глаголи в неподготвената устна реч и тяхното функциониране и възприемане

Author(s): Marieta Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

This article reveals the trend to use in Bulgarian unprepared oral speech the so called „new“ verbs generated from nouns incl. adjectives and loan-words. It draws the purposes for their use in colloquial speech like: introduction of additional meaning components and elements of affection and estimation making the expression more condensed and dynamic and also enabling differentiated interpretation on behalf of interlocutors.

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Роль исправлений в выражении доминантной и подчиненной позиции говорящего

Author(s): Nava-Vanda Sahverdova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2013

The article examines the role of other initiated repair in building power relations in a specific kind of legal discourse. In the detailed qualitative analysis of 4 pieces of data we have examined samples of other initiated repair had been made by professional participant of People tribunal session – by judge. The analysis is carried out in theoretical and methodological framework of conversation analysis. In the usage of non-preferred and untypical kind of repair the interactants mutually orient to their institutional identities, and in that process the other initiated repair became a device of building asymmetry in discourse.

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Начини за изразяване на задоволство и неудовлетвореност, одобрение и критика в разговорната реч

Author(s): Lyubka Nenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

The article has a basic purpose to present the main ways to express satisfaction and frustration, approval and criticism in the speech of contemporary Bulgarian youth. The study is based on 65 recordings, made by 17 students. The recordings include dialogues of young people (between 16 and 26 years). The analysis of the colloquial speech is made on the different levels: morphological, syntactic and lexical.

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Неволята или някой друг? (Лингвокултурологичен анализ на концепта ‘успех’ в българския език)

Author(s): Iliyana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

This study investigates the concept of ‘success’ as a cultural value and part of the national-specific thinking of the Bulgarian people. The paper suggests a close relationship between Bulgarian culture and that of individuals with an “external locus of control” (the term of Julian B. Rotter). This is backed-up by a lingo-cultural analysis of Bulgarian phrases and sayings in contemporary Bulgarian colloquial speech that refer to success and/or lack of success.

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Някои наблюдения върху мога, искам и трябва в публичната реч на политиците

Author(s): Petya Osenova,Nadya Terziyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The paper focuses on the usages of three modal verbs in present tense: can, want and have to in two registers of the public politicians’ speech: interviews and parliament speech. The behavior of these verbs is considered within two aspects: the frequency of present verb wordforms in both registers and their collocations in the right context.

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Универбизацията в телевизионните предавания

Author(s): Bilyana Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The aim of the paper is to investigate the univerbation as a word-forming device in TV broadcast similar to several newspaper articles researches. We make a study of the structure of the words, made by univebation, as well as their function and stylistic nuance.

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Сигнали за обратна връзка в два телевизионни жанра – интервю и дискусия

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

The Feedback signals are verbal or nonverbal means, which express the attitudes and relations between interlocutors. There are convergent and divergent strategies in communications and I study the role of feedback signals in these strategies. In the paper I observe some functional cases of feedback signals appearing, as overlaps, interruptions, repetitions, appeals, index signs, pause, and I compare their usage and their meaning in two TV genres – an interview and a discussion. In conclusion I show most typical convergent and divergent feedback signals for each of these genres and for journalist’s interactive styles.

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Muutuv meel: Aastatel 1973-1974 ja 2016-2018 kogutud sõna-assotsiatsioonide võrdlus

Author(s): Ene Vainik / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 12/2021

The paper addresses the changeable vs persistent part of the culturally constructed unconscious – the so-called “dark matter of the mind” (Everett 2016). Two sets of responses given to an identical list of Estonian stimuli in a word association test (WAT) are compared. The first set originates in the time when Estonia was ruled by the Soviet regime and the second (an excerpt from a larger database) in the 21st century during political independence. The aim was to detect which associations tended to survive and which did not. The quantitative results show that two-thirds of the primary associations have retained their position while their strength has weakened. Contrasting pairs like short → long, man → woman, woman → man, boy → girl, girl → boy, etc. are the most persistent. One-third of the primary associations have moved to a lower position or disappeared. The qualitative changes point to progress in the standard of living, to a change of the ruling ideology (from communism to capitalism), to changes in the implicit values (incl. the rise in openness and dynamism), and to the growing preference for eliciting individual and experience related responses. The latent dominants (recurring responses) were partly similar (e.g. water, sky, big), partly pointing to differences in the emotional tone (the “bright” words such as white and yellow were replaced by those usually associated with darkness (black, night, dream, and bed). There were also changes in the preferred strategies of eliciting the responses – the ones gathered in the 20th century revealed a preponderance of paradigmatic relations, i.e. strategies relying on abstract semantic relations such as antonymy and co-hyponymy; while syntagmatic relations (such as complementing a compound or evoking a fixed phrase) showed a higher percentage among those gathered in the 21st century. The results were discussed in relation to changes noticed in other languages and in respect of differences in the methodology of carrying out the WAT tests (paper and pen vs internet; administered vs voluntary; controlled vs uncontrolled time of performing).

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L’Italiano come L3 di studenti universitari rumeni: transfer dall’inglese e effetto di psychotypology

Author(s): Ruben Benatti / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyse how Romanian university students learn Italian as a third language. L3 acquisition is a relatively recent field of study since acquisitional linguistics has often paid little attention to the influence of other languages known by students. Although Romanian learners can rely heavily on their L1, which is typologically close to Italian, English and other languages still have a strong influence. Various studies (Safont and Portoles, 2015; Cenoz, 2013) have shown both the differences in the acquisition of L2 and L3, and the advantages of bilinguals compared to monolinguals in learning a language. In this paper, in particular, we will consider the transfer from English (and possibly from other languages) to Italian both from the perspective of error analysis, and the concept of psychotypology (Kellerman, 1983). This term indicates how the learner perceives the typological difference between L1 and L2. Kellerman considers it one of the main factors in the phenomenon of linguistic transfer and the definition of the concept of transferability. Consequently, this paper will attempt both to highlight the most frequent errors of Romanian learners that can be ascribed to the interference of English most of all and possibly other languages, and, via questionnaire, the influence of the effect of psychotypology in assessing how much the mindful perception of a learner can influence the transfer phenomenon.

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Psychonarrative in Fiction and Documentary and Fiction Literature: the State and Prospects of Research

Author(s): Iryna Skliar,Tetiana Marchenko,Sergii Komarov,Vitalii Matsko,Liudmyla Pavlishena,Mariana Shapoval / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article offers an overview on the most notable features of the implementation of psychonarratives in fiction and documentary and fiction prose about the Anti-terrorist Operation (ATO) and the hybrid warfare in Donbas from the standpoint of the achievements of modern humanities, which gives intelligence a multidisciplinary nature. The degree of academic research on the outlined topics at both the world and the national scientific levels has been clarified. The contribution of the Western scientists to the development of theoretical and methodological principles of parameterization of psychonarratives is outlined. There is a tendency to increase the interest of domestic specialists in narratology, in particular psychonaratology, mainly in empirical terms. At the same time, an objective lack of thorough theoretical developments of the monographic or dissertation level on the outlined issues has been stated in Ukrainian studies. Terminological vagueness and imbalance in the interpretation of the key concepts of psychonarrative studies have been recorded. Methods and means of realization and manifestation of the psychonarratives in the text structures are established. There is a growing interest of domestic researchers in the direct or indirect consideration of narrative, psychonarrative and selfnarrative in fiction prose and documentary and fiction prose about the ATO and the hybrid warfare in the Donbas in the context of discursivity and intermediality. The peculiarities of psychonarrative expression on the formal structure and sence-content levels are indicated. The common and distinctive features of the realization of psychonarratives in fiction and non-fiction literature are briefly noted.

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Didactically Relevant Mechanisms of Onym Formation in the Ukrainian Language Today: A Neuropsychological Approach

Author(s): Svitlana Shestakova,Olga Zhvava,Oksana Popkova,Inna Berkeshchuk,Nadiia Knight,Oksana Klak / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article deals with the multifaceted mechanisms of onym formation in the Ukrainian language today and analyzes them in the context of studying linguistic courses and acquiring practical skills in their use. It proves that motivational connections in the language system are found to be typical, regular, regular, which allows us to distinguish several model varieties of lexical and semantic word formation (hereinafter “LSWF”). Only the transfer of the name, in our opinion, should be discussed in the creation of motivated models of onyms. It is simply impossible to talk about any figurative meaning. If we can talk about any transfer, then only about the transfer of a lexical unit from one denotation to another in the presence of speakers permanent (temporary) ideas, ideas about external, functional, spatial or other similarities and proximity of objects - ideas that reflect the real, desired or completely fantasy state of the sphere of the material and spiritual world to which this object belongs. These mechanisms can be analyzed from both linguistic and psycholinguistic (neurolinguistic) points of view. They also objectify universal ways of comprehending and representing a rapidly changing world verbally. Furthemore, the article confirms that the main and most productive models of LSWF at the present stage are derivational metaphor (hereinafter DMF) and derivational metonymy (hereinafter DMT). We consider it possible to use these terms because with the help of DMF and DMT new words are created, not new meanings of words. The use of phrases as a function of proper names (PN) is one of the traditional ways of nomination. Their activation is due to two intralinguistic factors: the tendency to expressiveness and the tendency to maximum motivation of language units.

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BUILDING TRANSLATION COMPETENCE THROUGH DIARY STUDIES: AT THE CROSSROADS OF STUDENTS' REFLECTION AND IMAGINATION

Author(s): Valentina Mureșan,Andreea Șerban / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Building Translation Competence through Diary Studies: at the Crossroads of Students’ Reflection and Imagination. Our paper tackles a more practical aspect of the translation training process in the context of translation competence acquisition (TCA) by focusing on a group of students of the Applied Modern Languages Programme, who were in the first year when our research was initiated. This study represents the second part of a small-scale qualitative research, which used diaries as a research instrument to investigate the strategies and tools employed by students as they tried to overcome challenges in translation and to develop good practices for their future career as translators. Participants were asked to reflect on register related issues encountered during the process of learning about and doing translation, since in our teaching experience this is one of the most prominent challenges to overcome. By employing this open-ended tool, we wanted to see whether diary keeping increased students’ awareness of register related problems and, moreover, whether students integrated reflection as one of the strategies to develop competence in translation. As a follow-up to our initial research, participants (now graduates) were asked to reflect on their study and translation practices and instruments so as to discuss which of these they retained (compared to the first year), what strategies they make use of now both for learning and for doing translation work, and whether they have discovered any new ones that make translator training more effective.

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Percepce multimodálního vyjádření aspektuálnosti v češtině: experimentální studie

Author(s): Jakub Jehlička / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2023

This study addresses the role of co-speech gestures in the construal of aspectuality. A behavioral experiment was conducted with speakers of Czech to investigate patterns observed in a preceding multimodal corpus-based study focusing on gesture and aspectuality. In particular, the experiment was designed to explore the perceived association between the emphasized ending of a hand movement (or absence thereof) and the grammatical aspect (and the lexical-semantic properties) of the predicate accompanied by the gesture. Combining various approaches in its design (motion capture, lexical ratings, corpus data), the experiment revealed a strong association between the perfective aspect and end-marking in gestures, while the link between the imperfective and gestures without a marked ending was weaker. The results of the experiment are in line with tendencies observed for other languages, indicating that the gestural marking of boundary is prominent in multimodal construals of events. Besides, specific multimodal patterns (combinations of finer-grained lexical-semantic features and formal parameters of gestures) also occur, as reflected in the data. This study provides the first experimental data on the perception of multimodal expressions in Czech.

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Introducing a phonotactic probability calculator for Czech

Author(s): Petra Čechová,Luca Cilibrasi,Jan Henyš,Jaroslav Čecho / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Phonotactic probability refers to the frequency with which phonological segments and sequences of phonological segments occur in words in a given language (Vitevitch – Luce, 2004). It has been shown that phonotactic probabilities of words are important in language processing and language acquisition (Jusczyk et al., 1994; Mattys – Jusczyk, 2001; Pitt – McQueen, 1998). For example, words with high phonotactic probability are processed faster by native speakers in same-different tasks (Luce – Large, 2001), and pseudowords with high phonotactic probability are judged as more word-like by adults (Vitevitch et al., 1997). In this paper we present a phonotactic calculator for Czech implemented as a Python script. The script relies on frequency data from three freely available corpora of Czech: SYN2015 and SYN2020, corpora of written Czech (Křen et al., 2015; 2020), and ORAL v1, a corpus of spoken Czech (Kopřivová et al., 2017). The steps of the calculation mirror those developed by Vitevitch and Luce (2004) for English, and the script can provide phonotactic (and additionally orthotactic) probability for any Czech word or pseudoword. The script can be downloaded at <https://phonocalc.github.io>.

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Любовта на майката към нейните деца в българския език (по данни от психолингвистичен асоциативен експеримент)

Author(s): Krasimira Vasileva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The paper aims at presenting a part of the associative field of the linguocultural concept 𝑙𝑜𝑣𝑒 in the Bulgarian linguoculture. The object of the study is a specific variation of love – a mother’s love for her children. The analysed linguistic material is obtained from a psycholinguistic associative experiment with an equal number of male and female respondents. The main purpose is the associative field of the analysed feeling in the Bulgarian linguistic consciousness to be determined and also the influence of the linguistic person’s gender onto the field to be clarified. The results establish that the female linguistic consciousness is relatively more dynamic than the male consciousness in regard to the analysed concept. The Bulgarian linguistic person’s gender has not much influence on the character of the elements of the associative field of the linguocultural concept 𝑙𝑜𝑣𝑒. The linguistic person’s gender influences more their structure and their hierarchy in the field.

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NLP PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHERS WHO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR ACHIEVING EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION

Author(s): Cristina Popescu (Mitu) / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2019

Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is best known as a tool for personal development, emotional balancing, a self-motivation program, but has also gained great importance in the world of education in recent years. Teachers, besides the privilege of working with souls and minds and beyond communicating scientific information, also have a very important mission, that of shaping behaviours. People have all the resources they need to change, in order to change any kind of behaviour. NLP is about how we can assist a person, or we can assist ourselves, in discovering the resources that are already in us and which we will use to achieve the desired results. NLP principles and techniques proved to have real results in the educational system as well. Applying them correctly, we find out what is the link between our own emotions and the success in life, and we will also learn to call our inner states correctly and to decode their message so that we can build confidence in ourselves and develop self-esteem which will allow us to express our needs and values on the road to achieving excellence in education.

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От ядрото на езиковото съзнание на българина към българската картина на света (по асоциативни данни)

Author(s): Maria Ilieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Central to the study is the core of the linguistic consciousness of the Bulgarians. On the basis of published comparable data from association experiments among the native speakers of several Slavic languages (mainly Bulgarian, Russian and Polish), analyses are made that outline the ethnocultural specifics in building the picture of the world. Having in mind that linguistic consciousness is a dynamic structure, the most significant concepts for the Bulgarian linguistic consciousness for a given period are ranked. Special attention is paid to the anthropocentrism and the egocentric reticence of the Bulgarian worldview. The analysis of the data according to various parameters shows a general positive attitude of the Bulgarians to the world. The analysis is based on the methodology presented in the works of the representatives of the Moscow ethnopsycholinguistics, mostly in the works of N. V. Ufimtseva.

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PERSPECTIVES ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERNET ON LANGUAGE CHANGE

Author(s): Alexandra Bîja / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2019

The Internet is undeniably something that has changed people’s lives in many aspects, language included, leading to the appearance of what is called nowadays Netspeak. Even though there are numerous opinions regarding the emergence of this linguistic variety, it is without doubt that changes in language due to the Internet are a growing phenomenon. In this paper I will approach the issue of the emergence of Netspeak, the changes that appear in language in order to form this linguistic variety, and the issue of it as a worldwide phenomenon. We will see that, even though the English language undoubtedly dominates the Internet today, other languages as well have the potential to, and do go through similar changes and form an Internet linguistic variety of their own. The paper will tackle the issue of globalization in the context of the Internet seen as a social construct rather than a technological one, which helps people connect with each other, with the dominant language being the English language, as well as the issue of regionalization, as different language communities are shaping their own identities on the Internet.

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