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MEANINGS AND USE OF THE WORD "THANK YOU" IN ROMANIAN

Author(s): Larisa Ileana Casangiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 24/2021

The word „Thank you” has got lots of Romanian meanings and uses beyond gratitude (the most known significance). There are no formal similarities among the equivalents of the word ”Thank you”[Mulţumesc] in other languages. Although it is usually positively valued, this word also has neutral and even negative / pejorative meanings. Apart from these meanings we identify in the communication, we specify phrases and contexts that could give this Romanian specific to this word. At the same time, we try to offer a holistic perspective on the frequent use of this word in the speaking.

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MEDIA DISCOURSE AS A MATERIAL AND SYMBOLIC SPACE

Author(s): Dimitria CARMEN / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2021

Media discourse is a framework for communication between speakers and social forces. Within the discourse, the actions can be considered emblematic because they highlight the word, the individual behavior in relation to the media discourse as a material and symbolic space. Between information, evocation or storytelling, the media discourse is affirmed by the double aspect of the strategic dimensions, directed at the same time, towards the present of the events, taking into account the collective memory and the prospecting. Therefore, the media discourse becomes the framework of the fluctuating exchange between sender and receiver, the language and the society being both mirrored and recreated by resorting to symbolic fragments.

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PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF THE REPETITION OF THE COMPLEX PREDICATE WITH MODAL AND ASPECTUAL OPERATOR WITHIN THE ROMANIAN TELEVISUAL POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Author(s): Laura Grama / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2021

The article approaches pragmatic issues of the complex predicate with modal and aspectual operator and verbal semantic support within the Romanian televisual political discourse, more precisely the pragmatic functions of the repetition of the complex predicate. It is emphasized that the repetition of the complex predicate with modal and aspectual operator has conversational functions, being involved in the exchange of roles between interlocutors or as a form of dialogue control, as well as interactive functions, highlighting the relationships between the actors of the conversational exchange.

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ONLINE ADVERTISING – PANDEMIC LESSONS

Author(s): Carmen Neamțu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

Regardless of the advertising environment, we must take into consideration three essential requirements. The product has to be known, has to be designed in such a way as to differentiate the offer from others already on the market and ads must confirm to those who have already bought the product that they have made the best choice, keeping their interest awake. Unlike advertising on radio, television or in print, online advertising, through social media, for example, allows the selection of the target audience, thus making the entire promotion process more efficient. This paper presents some important elements of online advertising as well as the latest Mediafax Book report for 2021, produced by the Initiative agency, on the Advertising Market in Romania. We will see the trends in the Romanian advertising market and some of the lessons of the pandemic. According to the most recent report on the Romanian advertising market, it passes half a billion euros in 2021. That's over 50 million euros more than last year.

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COMMUNICATION IN ORGANIZATIONS

Author(s): Cezarina Adina Tofan / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

There is a gap between the practice and the science of communication, a differentiation that makes them seem like very different fields. Both try to cope with the accelerated changes induced by the development of the postmodern world; both seek new perspectives and new attitudes to provide solutions to the problems they face. Theoretical research is increasingly aimed at immediate application to demonstrate the validity of theories, while practice is receptive to new ideas that bring benefits to the activity. However, the pressure of time makes experts in departments and companies less and less apply the theories and methods learned during the study cycles and resort to recipes already tested and verified, or to develop communication programs based more on intuition than on objective data. At the same time, the rigor of the methods and the access to the programs of social statistics push the researchers from the social sciences towards a language that seems sophisticated for the communication specialists; also, the strongly analytical and critical perspectives seem to offer too few concrete tools for practice. The result is isolation in different communities, which communicate, each of them, only inside. Regarding the narrower field of communication in organizations, the phenomenon is extremely visible. There is a lot of research lately, with indisputable results, and theories that have already proven their functionality in practice. But specialists in the communication and human resources departments are asked to solve concrete problems of the organization as soon as possible, problems that have become increasingly complex with globalization, the explosion of new media and the development of the information society.

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STUDY OF SOME FORMS OF EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS AND FEELINGS IN WRITTEN TRAVEL GUIDES

Author(s): Elena Dumitrașcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

Subjectivity is a large and complex phenomenon which dates back to the centuries of philosophers and which leads to multidisciplinarity. In the present work, our attention will be focused mainly on emotions and feelings as an affective category always present in our speech. In fact, terms that describe emotions also include the idea of movement and action. It will translate into linguistic diversity and richness. Thus, the terms of emotion can be nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, collocations or even full sentences. But, if these elements are the best known traditionally within the framework of a linguistics of the enunciation, we can note the recourse to other procedures often designating an implicit emotional dimension such as the classic stylistic figures (interjections, personification, hyperbola, etc.) and also punctuation. In this article, we propose to examine some marks of the speaker's subjectivity. We will analyse how classical rhetorical figures allow the speaker to manage the expression of his subjectivity in the proposed corpus. To illustrate this study we will use travel guides written in Romanian and French.

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THE INTERNAL REPRESENTATION OF THE WORLD IN KATHRYN ERSKINE’S MOCKINGBIRD VIA ELENA SEMINO’S COGNITIVE APPROACH

Author(s): Alina Lucia GRAPINI / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2021

Kathryn Erskine’s Mockingbird has been interdisciplinary approached via Fowler’s term “mind style” with the intention to capture “an impression of the protagonist’s world view” (qtd. In Semino 2007: 166). According to the mind style concept, Mockingbird reveals an internal representation of the world in which, Caitlin, the main character, lives, including the presentations of the others characters’ minds and, of course, the workings of her mind. Caitlin’s “world view” has the advantage of offering a representation of the world within her mind: "The gray of outside is inside. Inside the living room. Inside the chest. Inside me” (M 2). It is a combination between Caitlin’s mental and emotional representations, including feelings, emotions, values, attitudes and believes.

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THE FUNCTIONS OF ADVERTISING LANGUAGE DURING THE PANDEMIC

Author(s): Mirela Aioane / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

This article reviews the pragmatic and linguistic functions of advertising language which have already been considered in some previous research by insisting upon the changes which have occurred during the pandemic. The transformation of some well-known slogans (with reference to Italian) their adaptation to the new reality shrouded in insecurity or the invention of new ones full of social responsibility, inviting to calm but also to new activities that had to be done inside or outdoor by minding the physical distancing imposed by the special medical conditions. Advertising uses, especially during the pandemic, the educational and informative functions, which prevail as to their importance over the marketing and economical functions. In order to prove our assertions, we select just some slogans from the time of the pandemic, the best-known ones, obviously common to the two Romance languages Italian and Romanian.

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ANALYSIS UPON THE ORIGIN AND TYPES OF THE LANGUAGE

Author(s): Oana Găianu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30/2022

Language is one of the features that defines us as human beings. Through language we can communicate our feelings, emotions and thoughts towards the individuals living in our community. Through this study we intend to discover the origin of the language and to analyse the different types. It is important for us to understand the true nature of the language in order to be successful in sending a message. This paper will focus on the historic point of view concerning the appearance of the language and also on the artificial languages that surround us. We intend to search the origin of the Romanian language, by analysing some of the old forms of the words. And to provide a classification between natural languages and artificial languages.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY

Author(s): Alexandra Burghelea-Arabu / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 33/2023

The origin of any language has as its main purpose to serve as an exclusive mean of communication, however this process varies according to the orator who use different linguistic variants, in order to express a certain word, according to the ages of the speakers, but also to the history of the country. The main purpose of this article is to explain why communication is important in everyday life, but also to show that there is an enormous variety of ways through which we can communicate: signs and signals, gestural language, mime language, but the easiest modality that allows us to carry out communication itself is given by the language.

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Zapomniany język. Symbolizm archaiczny i współczesny w świetle filozofii symbolu i psychoanalizy

Author(s): Jan Kalinowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

This article has primarily synthetic and philosophical character. It aims to focus the standpoint concerned with the revalorisation of symbol and myth, which is dispersed among numerous humane disciplines, that echoed in the first and second half of 20th century, on the crisis of Western culture and the issue of self-understanding. This synthesis includes philosophy of symbol of Paul Ricoeur, philosophy of symbolic forms of Ernst Cassirer, religious studies of Mircea Eliade and psychoanalysis and philosophy of culture of Erich Fromm (and to some extent Carl G. Jung). Due to the philosophical subject-matter, which requires continuous effort of re-reading and successive reinterpretations (evidence of which are publishing dates of latest editions and translations reaching year 2020), and due to long- lasting and – in its tendency – unchanged character of the crisis of Western culture, I limit this research mainly to source literature and in some exceptions to literature of 21st century. In this work I describe the symbolic language, which is presented as the so called “forgotten language” (Fromm), that expresses significant and – in author's mind – not well understood Today aspects of human existence related to self-understanding and self-consciousness. I explain the notion of a “universal symbol” of Fromm and Ricoeur and place the question on the capability of such sign to express and explain experiences of modern man. The positive answer is proposed, due to the emotional and existential values underlying modern behaviours and thinking, which requires specific signs of metaphorical and synthetic character, that are able to express emotional ambivalence as well as critical yet dynamic moments of life of the individual. Also the criticism is put forward to the naive interpretation of „myth” that is derived from its original symbolic and religious context and its instrumental use, which becomes dangerous social phenomenon, that is threatening the existence of modern culture today.

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Reading comprehension processes: a review based on theoretical models and research methodology

Author(s): Antonija Blaži Ostojić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Reading comprehension is a complex, multifaceted process in which a number of components are appropriately and often simultaneously activated. The importance of different background subprocesses, its complex nature, as well as the interconnection of various components has been demonstrated by various ‘models of reading and reading comprehension’. Based on these models, assessment methods and materials for reading comprehension are developed. However, the models and assessment materials developed so far are mostly derived from research on languages with nontransparent orthography (e.g., English). Therefore, the question arises regarding the extent to which they can or should be applied in languages with shallow, transparent orthography (e.g., Croatian) that have clear and consistent relationships between letters and sounds, as opposed to languages with deep orthography. The main aim of this study was to present a brief review of prominent reading comprehension models and their interconnections through specific levels of language processing (single word, sentence, discourse), as well as to discuss the methodological aspects of assessing reading comprehension processes arising from the presented theoretical models. Motivated by the fact that there is a lack of studies on models and assessment materials in languages with transparent orthography, the application of existing models and assessment methods will be discussed in the context of transparent orthography languages. This study provides comprehensive insights, based on theory, on the key elements to consider when developing an assessment method/tool for reading comprehension, both for research or diagnostic purposes.

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THE PRONOUN IN LINGUISTIC POLITENESS

Author(s): Mădălina Chirilă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

This study aims to identify, describe and analyze the strategies of positive and negative politeness with pronoun as their central element, in contemporary Romanian advertising discourse. In specialized works, linguistic politeness strategies are generally presented, overlooking the significant role played by the lexico-grammatical class of pronouns. This is primarily specialized in negative politeness, considering the maintenance of distance from the receiver through the use of polite pronouns.

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NARRATION AS AN ARGUMENTATIVE STRATEGY IN THE CURRENT ADVERTISING DISCOURSE IN ROMANIAN AND ENGLISH

Author(s): Crina-Ancuța Macovei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

The present article aims to make an incursion into the field of advertising discourse, with the objective of studying the argumentative structures found in this type of discourse. Special attention will be paid to the advertising narrative, which is found in very varied forms and is mainly used to relate a person's experience with a certain product or service or to indicate step-by-step how to assemble or use an object. As an argumentative strategy, narrative adds verisimilitude to examples and makes them easier to remember and relate to. The narrative of the argumentative speech involves the narration of a series of events, in a given time, caused by a problematic situation. At least one character takes part in these events, who is often also the narrator and who will eventually find the solution to the problems they are facing (exactly the product or service promoted in the advertising campaign) and will issue a conclusion of type "If you use X product or service, then you will get rid of Y problem".

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Direcții de prevenire a tulburărilor de limbaj la copiii preșcolari

Author(s): Teodora POPUȚA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

This research paper aims to address the vital topic of preventing language disorders in preschool children. The primary focus is to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention program designed to enhance language and perceptual-auditory skills in this age group. Language disorders are a common concern among preschoolers, with various risk factors, including genetic predispositions, limited exposure to language-rich environments, and underlying medical conditions. Of utmost importance is early diagnosis and intervention, as these play a crucial role in facilitating a child's language development.

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Wybrane zagadnienia psychologizmu lingwistycznego Jana Baudouina de Courtenay i Karola Appla. Próba porównania

Author(s): Mateusz Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2020

This paper is an attempt to compare selected ontological, epistemological and methodological issues present in Jan Baudouin de Courtenay’s and Karol Appel’s scientific theories, which are considered representative of the so-called linguistic psychologism. These concepts are explained in light of the philosophical assumptions of W. von Humboldt, F. le Dantec and H. Vaihinger, which served as a direct inspiration for Polish scholars. Apart from pointing to a number of similarities, the author also enumerates and discusses significant differences in the understanding of the relationship between the subject and the object of cognition, the notion of reality, and the criteria of truth which prompt the question of the possibility of defining psychologism as a scientific paradigm.

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Headlines of media texts: hidden contradictions

Author(s): Nataliya Shumarova,Iryna Marynenko,Vladyslav Mykhailenko / Language(s): English Issue: 32/2022

This inquiry aims to determine the ways and means through which the accuracy category manifests itself in the news genre and to identify internal contradictions formed by the interaction between logical and semantic components of the expression. The objectives were as follows: to determine how the accuracy category is presented through the categories of subject, time, and place of action, what are the transformative possibilities of these categories in the field of adequate transmission of meaning, which linguistic means actualize the accuracy category or, on the contrary, “blur” it. Continuous sampling, analysis and synthesis, transformational, and descriptive methods were used in the research process. We confirm that the subject in the headline is delivered explicitly and implicitly in the conclusions presenting the research results. “Nonsubjectivity” is realized using indefinite (non-personal) forms of the predicate or can be determined through a locus. For news headlines, the locus is an essential component, its place in the sentence can adjust the semantic accents of the statement. The time category in analyzed titles is almost always explicit. The accuracy category is most clearly manifested in direct indications of time and place and in two-syllable sentences where the subject of the action is specified.

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EMOTIONEN IN MEDIALEN DISKURSEN AM BEISPIEL VON MEMES

Author(s): Sławomir Kowalewski,Laura Kowalska / Language(s): German Issue: 32/2023

Der Beitrag hat zum Ziel zu zeigen, mit welchen Mitteln und Strategien Emotionen als kommunikative Phänomene in Memes manifestiert bzw. erzeugt werden können. Das Forschungskorpus umfasst polnische Memes zu den deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen. Die Untersuchungen haben einen interdisziplinären Charakter – sie beruhen in erster Linie auf einem medien- und diskurslinguistischen Ansatz, verbinden damit aber auch Elemente der Emotionsforschung. Der Artikel gliedert sich in einen theoretischen Teil, in dem die für die Analyse grundlegenden Begriffe definiert werden, und einen empirischen Teil. Die Analyse stützt sich dabei auf eine qualitative (interpretative) Herangehensweise. Die ausgewählten Memes werden mit besonderem Fokus auf die Sprache-Bild- Relationen analysiert, die einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Manifestation, Thematisierung und Evokation von Emotionen in dieser (multimodalen) Kommunikationsform haben.The aim of this article is to show which means and strategies can be used to manifest or generate emotions as communicative phenomena in memes. The research corpus includes Polish memes on German-Polish relations. The research has an interdisciplinary character – it is primarily based on a media and discourse linguistic approach, but also combines elements of emotion research with it. The article is divided into a theoretical part, in which the most important terms are defined, and an empirical part. The analysis is based on a qualitative approach. The selected memes are analysed with a special focus on the language-image relations, which have a significant influence on the manifestation, thematisation and evocation of emotions in this (multimodal) form of communication.

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Функции на учителя по български език и литература при работа в мултикултурна среда

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Функции на учителя по български език и литература при работа в мултикултурна среда

Author(s): Snezhanka Dobreva,Yulian Asenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

The article examines the peculiarities of the multicultural environment through the prism of the functions of the modern teacher of Bulgarian language and literature. The results of a survey among 220 pedagogical specialists (of which 88– teachers of Bulgarian language and literature) are presented. A part of a study aimed at the socialization of bilingual students and the functions of the Bulgarian language and literature teacher and other pedagogical specialists in the process of adaptation and motivation of students for active and committed participation in the educational process, for the development of their communicative competences and for acquisition of cooperation and mutual assistance skills. Relationships with parents and their attitude and activity in the social integration of their children are affected. Conclusions are drawn for the continuous improvement of the skills of pedagogical specialists to create an inclusive educational environment that meets the individual needs of each student, provokes interest and changes his attitudes.

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BAUDOUIN DE COURTENAY: PRETEČA SAVREMENE LINGVISTIČKE MISLI

Author(s): Dijana Kapetanović-Ljubas / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2023

The paper examines the scientific contribution and creative work of the lesser-known Polish linguist, Baudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929), a distinguished Slavist and Indo-Europeanist. The paper discusses numerous aspects of his modernist theories and provides an overview of the most significant reflections on language that can be considered as precursors to contemporary linguistic thought. In his long academic career from the Kazan period to his engagement at the universities of Dorpat, Kraków, Saint Petersburg, and Warsaw, the paper highlights the various influences he exerted on the linguistic research of his time as well as on the later generations of linguists with a special reference to de Courtenay's influence on Ferdinand de Saussure and the development of general and structural linguistics. The paper examines the evolution and development of de Courtenay's thought in various domains such as the theory of phonemes and phonetic alternations, which positioned him as the forerunner of the Prague Linguistic Circle, psycholinguistic research and the definition of language as a psychosocial phenomenon, South Slavic dialectology and lexicology, as well as the study of the use of language in other sciences and disciplines.

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