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Semiosic translation: A new theoretical framework for the implementation of pedagogically-oriented subtitling

Author(s): Sergio Torres Martinez / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

In this paper, I explore a new type of semiotic translation in the context of Audiovisual Translation Studies (AVTS). To that end, a set of formulaic sequences bestowed of pragmalinguistic value (hedging strings) is analysed. It is argued that the semiotic analysis of conversational features in English may contribute to facilitate their pedagogical exploitation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms.This analysis builds theoretically on a semiotic translational framework termed Semiosic Translation (and its subset, Semiosic Subtitling) predicated upon three types of translation: (i) Metaleptic translation; (ii) indexical translation; and (iii) translation as dynamic discontinuity. The translational rationale thus arrived at is deemed to account for what it is that binds together linguistic signs with other sign systems.

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İşaret Dilinin Beyinde Konumlanışı

Author(s): Bahtiyar Makaroğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 146/2009

Most of the data about the neurological bases of language is based on studies of oral language. Studies of sign languages can clarify the question of whether language has a basic configuration or is it specific to languages that are spoken and heard. This study provides an overview of studies in literature of the functioning of language and communication process in deaf and healthy people.

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Methodological issues and prospects of semiotics of humour

Author(s): Dmitrij Gluscevskij / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2017

This article aims at proposing a way to identify humour by means of Greimassian semiotics and to single humour out as a unique object of semiotic analysis. Firstly, the article discusses the fundamental epistemological premises of semiotic text analysis through the analysis of texts by Greimas which were meant to further and legitimize his project of semiotics. Also, the already existing attempts at providing a semiotic definition of humour are critically evaluated while relating their problematic aspects with the implicitly defined field of semiotic interest. Finally, it is demonstrated that a productive semiotic description of a comic text is possible when the status quo epistemological views are revised and the traditional field of semiotic analyses is expanded accordingly

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Doktoriväitekiri emotsioonidest eestikeelses kõnes

Author(s): Jaan Ross / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 03/2018

Review of: Kairi Tamuri. Basic emotions in read Estonian speech: acoustic analysis and modelling. (Dissertationes philologiae Estonicae Universitatis Tartuensis 39.) Tartu: University of Tartu Press, 2017. 238 lk.

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Ke vztahu kognitivního obsahu a jazykového významu

Author(s): Jarmila Panevová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2010

The necessity to distinguish between ontological (cognitive, extralinguistic) content and linguistic (‚literal’) meaning has its sources in European structural linguistics. The idea that the task of linguistics itself is to study language in its „form“ rather than in its „sub-stance“ is further elaborated in the Prague Linguistic Circle. However, analyzing concre-te language data we often face many open questions: It is not always clear how to divide the knowledge of language from the knowledge of the world, which general criteria could be used for the separation of (language) ambiguity and vagueness etc. The present contribution cannot be aimed at the solution of these non-trivial distinctions; we only present some Czech examples as a challenge for consideration, which we believe to be useful for the determination of this boundary. The examples belonging to the different phenomena of language structure are analyzed from the point of view of the asymmetry between the layer of content and the layer of meaning. The examples with different aspectual and tense forms are used as an exemplification of the asymmetry „same con-tent – different meanings“. The reflexive forms, dative case dependent on the verb, core-ference with infinitival and other constructions serve as examples of the situation whe-re instances of different content are not articulated as oppositions in linguistic meaning but rather display structural ambiguity. Despite of these problems, we are convinced that without keeping the distinction between linguistic meaning and cognitive content during the analysis of language data the description of the language system is impossible.

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Симметрия - асимметрия в композиции «III симфонии» Андрея Белого

Author(s): Zara Grigoryevna Mints,E. G. Melnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1984

В первой части автобиографической трилогии А. Белый, рассказывая об условиях создания своей «lll-ей симфонии» («Возврат», 1902), писал: «Правой рукою писал я «Симфонию», где лаборант Хандриков сходит с ума от жизни в лаборатории, левой же - взвешивал на весах анализируемую крупинку, находясь в той именно лаборатории, которую описывал, как сумасшедший дом; левое полушарие мозга исследует дарвинизм и основы механики, а из правого в «Симфонию» излучаются мысли < . . . > над химическою горелкою и над «Возвратом», начатым в гистологической чайной, совершалась «пляска на месте» или проблема увязки эстетической тезы с естественно-научною антитезою».

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HOW LEARNING AND COMMUNICATION PROCESSES OCCUR NATURALLY VS. ARTIFICIALLY: AN ANALYSIS

Author(s): Andrei Zamfira / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2021

In this paper we will continue our work we started in previous article about the human communication capacity by language (verbal or textual) and why it is one of the most hard tasks that to be artificially emulated by computer technologies. This time we will focus our studies on the psychological aspect of learning and communication by language, and we’ll show how researchers in Cognitive Linguistics found that information that we use for communicating is stored and organized inside our brain. There were many models created from the efforts of scholars in the domain who tried to find out the exact organization of this (unseen before) knowledge system, called the Mental Lexicon, and even though all of these created models are different they also do share some common traits, such that information is organized on a 3 tiers, which are those corresponding to phonology, lexical and semantics. The entries are linked within the tiers by some learned (weighted) associations which represent the relations that exist between them (e.g. objects in a house, plants from outdoors) but also inter-tier, such that the lexical form of a word from a certain language is linked to its corresponding significances from the semantic tier and also with its phonetic representation (sound). After we presented and analysed language from a cognitive side, next we went and tried to explain the processes also from their most raw representation, which is the neurological one. Due to the developments from the last decades in technologies for brain imagistic it has been possible to find out the exact location of the language processes inside our brains, which regions are responsible for what language tasks(perception, production), where the Mental Lexicon relies, what path follows the language information as it is being processed by different regions of the brain. This leads somehow with the thought to the organization and storage of data into computer machine (both software and hardware layers) by means of logical units (bits) and how it is accessed and processed. In the final of the paper we will present the computer technologies that have been created until today in order to emulate artificially the language capacity of humans. We will discuss and analyse the inner functionalities of automatic speech recognition systems and see what complex technologies would be needed to properly implement one. The final goal of the discussions and analyses we made here is to show how invaluable we, as human beings are, and that our mental capabilities, structures of data are impossible to be completely emulated artificially by machines technologies.

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A NEUROLINGUISTICS EXPERIMENT BASED ON A NOVEL PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL

Author(s): Adelina Mirzea,Dumitru Grigore,Nicolae Goga,Ionel Petrescu,Alexandru-Filip Popovici,Ramona Dragomir,Marinel Cornelius DINU / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

The science of neurolinguistics represents the study of brain activity as related to the control, acquisition and production of language. Neurolinguistics looks to the mechanism through which the brain processes language concepts. It is an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of linguistics, neuropsychology, communication, computer science, a theory of languages. It is taught in the field of learning foreign languages but it is of interest in other educational disciplines such as psychology, computer science, etc. as well. Neurolinguistics is based both on experimental methods and theoretical models. In this paper we present a novel neurolinguistics experiment done with psychological iOT tool, namely MindMiTM System, that is described in a patent. MindMiTM System is based on the biopotentials measurements (response and levels of skin potentials) taken from the hand's fingers with the help of a finger scanner (for both hands) with monopolar electrodes. All the data needed for a psychological measurement is collected in approximately five minutes. Based on the gathered data, the psychological profile is computed through an innovative method. The system was calibrated on 5000 subjects. The method is based on relevant variables related to personality traits such as for example the level of cortical arousal, the lability and amplitude of electro-dermal response, etc. The algorithm based on those key variables computes a kernel of psychological indicators that reflect cognitive, emotional and social abilities. For the first time in the reported literature, we used the MindMiTM System for a neurolinguistics experiment. The experiment is based on interpreters translating the same text in Romanian, English and German. We present the core technology of the system and the results obtained. The system itself can be used also in educational settings by students in psychology, linguistics computer science, etc.

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Обидната лексика в официалното публично общуване

Author(s): Antoaneta Nacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article examines and analyzes the insulting public speech of Bulgarian politicians; provoked by the protests in the summer of 2020. The analyzed comments were made in an informal environment – in the personal profiles on social media of some current political figures. Their comments express verbal aggression and offensive characteristics; which are not common in political communication. The article reveals the dishonest attitude of Bulgarian politicians; the lack of respect and diplomacy; the strong linguistic and rhetorical incompetence towards their political oppositionists and protesters. In conclusion that communication should not leave the official register. The article typologies their speeches and traces how the type of communication affects the attitude of the audience and increases mistrust and disrespect for both political figures and state institutions.

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Interpretarea la distanță a limbii semnelor române în context pandemic

Author(s): Ioana Tufar,Bogdan Anicescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

Taking into consideration the current context, Sign Language remote interpreting is a topic often encountered in accessibility for Deaf people. Our study explores the aspects of remote Sign Language interpreting in Romania during the Covid-19 pandemic. After a short theoretic framework about remote interpreting and particularities in the context of using Sign Language, we resume the findings of our investigation in which we used survey data from 39 Romanian Sign Language Interpreters active in the pandemic context. We emphasize advantages and disadvantages of this variant of Sign Language interpreting and in the end, we share some findings and recommendations from the field practice.

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Comparative psychosemantic distances between the term I and other terms related to responsibility – an exploratory study

Author(s): Ilina Marinova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The categorical structure of the term “responsibility” and its relations with the concept of self were revealed in a study conducted with 57 English-speaking participants with different native languages. 30 words were extracted from dictionaries and encyclopedias and the psychosemantic distances between them were measured by means of the free classification method. It seems that people perceive responsibility as relatively distant from their Selfconcept. They relate it more to the narrow social sphere, and less to the wider social sphere, more to terms with a locus of responsibility closer to personality (e.g. “will”), and less – to terms with a locus of responsibility farther from personality (e.g. “obligation”), more with positive and neutral prerequisites and consequences of responsibility, and less with its negative prerequisites and consequences. Sex and native language influence the categorical structure of responsibility to some extent.

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The Spectrum of Sense Remoteness in Polysemy: Bridging Computational and Theoretical Lexicography with Psycholinguistics (Part 1)

Author(s): Dorota Klimek-Jankowska,Krzysztof Hwaszcz,Justyna Wieczorek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This two-part paper bridges insights from psycholinguistics and from theoretical and computational lexicography to develop a fine-grained classification of polysemy organized along a wider spectrum of sense remoteness of ambiguous words in Polish based on the investigation of a large collection of linguistic data.1 In the first part, we equip readers with background knowledge on different psycholinguistic views on polysemy and we introduce the basic spectrum of sense remoteness proposed in earlier literature. We also present the methodology of our research and we report the results of our quantitative study based on a large sample of sense pairs randomly extracted from plWordNet (Słowosieć) thanks to the resources received from the CLARIN-PL Language Technology Center (the Polish section of the European research infrastructure CLARIN ERIC). We show that the most widely represented polysemy types are nested polysemy, polysemy by metaphor and polysemy by metonymy. The second part proposes an extended spectrum of sense remoteness and presents insights on different types of polysemy included in this spectrum with a special attention paid to nested polysemy.

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Investigating learners’ affective relationships with their foreign languages: From amotivation to love

Author(s): Xavier Martin-Rubió,Irati Diert-Boté / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This study explores the emotional relationships that 16 first-year university students at a Catalan university display towards English (and Spanish in one case) in order to understand how these relationships have been constructed and are being constructed based on their language learning and using experiences. Data were collected by means of individual and group interviews, and a qualitative analysis of their narratives has been carried out by using Georgakopoulou’s (2006) concept of ‘small stories’. The analysis of the participants’ stories reveals five different types of emotional relationships with the languages in a gradient that goes from those who have no emotional connection towards the language whatsoever to those who feel a deep passion, or love, for it. Findings indicate that: (a) external/internal circumstances play a key role in the way students’ relate, use and feel towards the languages; (b) these circumstances are dynamic and therefore the emotional relationship with these languages might change over time (as the experiences of two participants show); and (c) there is an important distinction between feeling motivated (even if intrinsically) to feeling passionate about a language. In this sense, passion, or love, appears to be a much more powerful driving force than motivation because passionate learners’ conceive such language as a fundamental part of their Self.

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READING STRATEGIES AND STRATEGIC READING IN CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING

Author(s): Aida Tarabar,Vildana Neslanović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Reading is an extremely important language skill both in educational process and out of it. Unfortunately, in many foreign language classrooms, particularly in our country, the significance of this skill is not completely recognized and the most attention is still paid to grammar. Namely, reading is often seen as a mere capacity of decoding written language signs and the parallel processes of reading comprehension and interpretation are not sufficiently addressed. The paper deals with the several issues, such as significance of reading skills, the strategies needed for their development and the strategic role of the reading skill in the environment of content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Most of the contemporary research done in this field of the applied linguistics highlights the role of reading skills in facilitating an easier acquisition of the content matter, which is one of the focuses of the CLIL approach in general.

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War Terminology and its Psychological Impact

Author(s): Laura Ionică / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2022

There is a rich terminology related to war, including the field of ammunition, battle strategies or communicative approaches. Visuals play a decisive role as they convey a greater persuasive force than the words frequently used in various communication channels. Words transcend linguistic boundaries and the clear or subliminal messages conveyed by the oral or written texts inevitably influence the ordinary reader who otherwise does not have a rich culture of the way a war is waged. The present work aims to highlight the semantic richness of war terminology and its psychological load. The study includes a series of eloquent examples from the online press, based on a rigorous selection of publications.

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EESTI KEELT TEISE KEELENA OMANDAVATE 7–8-AASTASTE LASTE KODUSEST KEELEKESKKONNAST JA EESTI KEELE OSKUSEST

Author(s): Piret Baird,Reili Argus / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 18/2022

This article gives the first overview of the language environment and Estonian skills of 423 students from multilingual classes who participated in the pilot project “Professional Estonian teacher in high school”. About half of the students in the sample had homes where only Russian was spoken to them, 1/4 came from monolingual Estonian homes and the rest from homes with a combination of Estonian and Russian and/or another language. Students with a foreign home language come into contact with Estonian at school and via TV, computers and books. Most of the children from non-Estonian homes start hearing Estonian input when they enter daycare (around age 3). Children who have received input in Estonian for a longer period also had better communication skills in Estonian, on average. The results also indicated that less than half of the children who speak Russian at home were not able to speak Estonian or understood it only when it was spoken to them very slowly and clearly. The data also showed that the general communication skills of Russian-Estonian bilingual children lag behind the skills of similarly aged monolingual Estonian students, though they have more developed skills than children who speak only Russian at home.

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THE DUALITY OF MAN THROUGH THE METAPHOR OF THE WOLF INSTEPPENWOLF

Author(s): Bianca Maria Bucur Tincu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The present article aims to offer an insight into the psychological evolution of the main character in the modernist novel, Steppenwolf, written by Hermann Hesse. The duality of man is a very broad, complex and highly debated topic and it has been viewed as a many layered topic since it implies psychology, philosophy of mind, theories of personality, ontology, phenomenology and not least, socio-cultural strings. Modernism is known as a cultural movement illustrating the 20th century world and it is a key reference regarding the understanding of human evolution up to the present because there were not only historical events that changed everything irrevocably such as the world wars, but there were new perspectives about life and existence on this earth. The identity of the person became a central theme tackled by most scholars, linguists, writers, philosophers and thinkers. The imagery presented in modernist novels stand as pieces of a whole focused on subjectivism in terms of experiences, consciousness of the person and complexity of the human being’s inwardness. The distinctive features of their narratives are on one hand, the effect produced by the text and on the other hand, the infinite challenges when decoding the meanings. Another main aspect is the lack of plot happening that becomes a string of psychological searches The main frame of work present throughout this paper is symbolism, some of the Jungian concepts as part of the character’s understanding of his self, and observations related to psychological terms such as consciousness, self-awareness, unconscious, person that shall be viewed in the light of phenomenology. The interpretation is divided in three main parts, according to the key aspects that were traced: the idea of double through the metaphor of the wolf, the social effects on the character’s perception, and his relation towards him and others.

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Анализ особенностей речевого развития у детей дошкольного возраста с расстройствами аутистического спектра

Author(s): Y. O. Korobina,O. A. Ivanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2022

The features of mental and speech development of younger schoolchildren with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been widely studied by various sciences and at their interface. However, they are still poorly understood in preschool children having the same diagnosis. Using a psycholinguistic approach, this article reviews and summarizes the findings of both Russian and foreign researchers on speech development in preschool children with ASD symptoms. Their most essential characteristics of speech development were revealed. Conditions that determine their progress in verbal communication and the communicative and pragmatic functions of their speech were identified and analyzed. The level of speech development in preschoolers attending a specialized kindergarten at Kazan Federal University for children with ASD was described.

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Dziedzictwo Lucjana Malinowskiego – krakowska szkoła dialektologiczna

Author(s): Maciej Rak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2022

Systematic studies in dialectology have been carried out by Kraków linguists since 150 years. They were initiated by Lucjan Malinowski in the book: Beiträge zur slavischen dialectologie. I. Ueber die Oppelnsche Mundart in Oberschlesien. (1. Heft: Laut- und Formenlehre) (1873). L. Malinowski’s best student was K. Nitsch who is called the father of Polish dialectology. Neogrammarian primacy of voice rights, which Malinowski came across in Jena, resulted in the fact that at first (until 1920s) Kraków dialectologists focused on phonetics and inflection of dialects of particular villages. Such an atomizing approach was overcome by K. Nitsch who prepared some works covering the whole Polish dialectal area. By removing the social and cultural factor from the research range, neogrammarians (including L. Malinowski) influenced the fact that the Kraków dialectological school adopted the retrospective point of view and opened to sociolinguistics and ethnolinguistics as late as in 1980s. Therefore, we can conclude that L. Malinowski’s scientific influence and his work was very lasting and very important.

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Learning New Language Have Impact on Brain

Author(s): Samantha Jamsonn / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Learning languages is a vital element of being very gentle and pleasant when travelling to new places, when required to be at some place for must and should in case of educational or professional reasons. Even learning just one language can completely transform the way you communicate, the way people see you, and the impact you make on the people with whom you converse. In terms of self-development, comfort, and confidence, it is now considered a must to study and acquire new languages. Knowing a foreign language during your studies and subsequently when you wish to job is a huge benefit. Studying abroad provides the possibility for a better education and, as a result, a better job after graduation. However, you can only help this cause if you know forage languages. In the present generation i.e., in this globalized world, where the mobility is appreciated, the concept of learning new language is really good and adds on with benefits too.

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