Kétnylevűség térben és időben
Misad Katalin (szerk.): Kétnyelvűség térben és időben Pozsony, Szenczi Molnár Albert Egyesület,2017, 160p.
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Misad Katalin (szerk.): Kétnyelvűség térben és időben Pozsony, Szenczi Molnár Albert Egyesület,2017, 160p.
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The word borrowing has a significant place in the word hoard of languages as this borrowing has followed the same path as the developments in human history. In this study, the sound changes in Arabic-Persian quoted words in Kazakh and Nogai Turkic Languages is handled and it is aimed to reveal what kind of sound changes of these quoted words had differently from the written Turkish Language. In this respect, the sound changes of these words are pointed out in the process of making Turkish by classifying one by one. The sound changes in the quoted words are divided into two main parts as consonant and vowel mutation.
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This paper analyses closing formulae in French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish business letters from a pragmatic, lexical and semantic perspective. Starting from the speech act theory, the paper shows the ways to express request, apology and gratitude in these formulae, with a special focus on the morphological and semantic aspects. Moreover, another aim of this paper is to provide a contrastive approach on these formulae, by highlighting situations of symmetry and asymmetry in the studied languages. Last, but notleast, this approach is of a synchronic nature, as the only references to a diachronic approach are some etymological considerations.
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The subject matter of this paper is the research of phrasemes with the noun ear in German and their equivalent phrasemes in Bosnian. The aim of the paper is a detailed noticing of similarities and differences between the phrasemes in starting and target language, and their classification in the equivalent groups.. The paper is divided in two parts: the fi rst one is about the main characteristics of phrasemes, their features and classification. Contrastive phraseology has an important role in the second part, where the groups of equivalents have been presented.In the practical part, the phrasemes with the noun ear in German have been analysed from Duden 11 Dictionary and there is an explanation of each phraseme meaning and its equivalent phraseme in Bosnian. Possible aberrations have been described for phrasemes that do not have the appropriate equivalent. This contrastive analysis of phrasemes shows that we have lots of same or similar phrasemes with the noun ear but also some different ones as well. Thelist of phrasemes related to the corpus in both languages is the component part of the paper.
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Braća Jacob Ludwig Carl (1785 -1863) i Wilhelm Carl Grimm (1786 -1859) rođena su u njemačkom gradu Hanau. Na studiju prava se preko profesora upoznaju sa književnoš ću iz vremena romantizma i ubrzo se počinju zanimati za mitove, legende, bajke i narodne pjesme. 1812. godine objavljuju prvi svezak dječijih i kućnih bajki (Grimmove bajke). Njihove bajke spadaju među najuspješnije knjige svjetske književnosti i zasigurno su, nakon Lutherovog prijevoda Biblije, najpoznatija djela njemačke književnosti. Prva zbirka sadržavala je 86 bajki, a vremenom je taj broj prešao 200.
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The given article presents the analysis of linguistic means used to express the conceptual sphere “Prospectiveness” in both Russian and English languages. The concepts under investigation are: imagination, anticipation, prediction, foreseeing. Great attention in the article is paid to imagination which is a key concept in the conceptual sphere “Prospectiveness”. Concept Imagination is analysed in both English and Russian linguistic world pictures, but a great value is given to its functionary in the English language from the scientific point of view and from the point of view of common sense which is represented in the “naive” linguistic world picture. A great body of English contexts is presented in the article to illustrate the usage of these abstract concepts as well as their definition in Russian and English dictionaries.
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The article analyzes anthropocentric zoomorphic metaphors in the Belarusian and Polish languages. In two languages, animal names are used to characterize various qualities of a person: their appearance, character, behavior, place and role in society. Such metaphors not only denote a person, but also give them a positive or negative evaluation. And more often zoomorphic metaphors are used for negative characterization of a person. Based on the analysis of the dictionary entries of the explanatory dictionaries of the Belarusian and Polish languages, cases of complete and partial similarity of semantics of metaphors are considered. Metaphors are distinguished, the meanings of which do not coincide completely, and metaphors that exist only in one of the languages. The author believes that the discrepancy in the semantics of zoomorphic metaphors in the Belarusian and Polish languages is due to the ancient concepts of the Slavs about animals.
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This paper deals with the classification of intensifies in English and Bosnian. The main criteria for the classification of intensifiers adopted in this paper are gradabilty of the elements modified by intensifiers, and collocational restrictions. According to the first criterion, only those adverbs that modify gradable elements can be classified as intensifiers. In this way, we can differentiate between intensifiers and a similar class of adverbs, emphasizers, which only emphasize the meaning of the modified word. Collocational restrictions too have to be taken into consideration in the classification of intensifiers. Namely, there are certain intensifiers that can collocate only with certain elements, regardless of whether these element are gradable or not (e.g. the intensifier deeply cannot collocate with the verb like in English, although this intensifier freely collocates with other verbs expressing emotional states, for example miss, hale, love, etc.). Intensifiers can be further classified according to the place they occupy on the abstract scale of intensity. According to this semantic classification we have come up with six subgroups of intensifiers: maximizers, boosters, approximators, relative intensifiers, diminishers, and minimizers.
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Common phenomenon among small nations, the protochronism gave birth to parallel histories, subjugating scientific research to myths and imagination. The dacomaniacs and dacopaths have their origins in Nicolae Densusianu’s work, Prehistoric Dacia, published in 1913. Ever since, in Romanian historiography there is a pseudo-scientific current, that minimizes the role played by Roman civilization and Latin language and overbids the Dac factor. Nowadays, taking advantages of naivety and poor level of knowledge that dominate Romanian audience, the new dacopths essay to write a new history. Among popular authors there are Iosif Constantin Dragan and Napoleon Savescu, none of them specialist in historic studies. The most terrifying fact about dacopaths is that they invade the virtual space and their ineptudes penetrate even trough quality papers. The scientific world does not take a stand and ignores the aspect, encouraging the dacopaths to gain even more public support.
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Les rapports qui s’etablient entre les deux proces lies par le suboridomiant quand (lorsque) — kad sont ceux de temps et d’opposition. Dans cette structure, la clause temporelle est toujours postposee. Aucun Instrument syntaxique n’intervient ici pour contraindre la temporelle ä se postposer. C’est le heunt de deux aspects — duratif imperfefectif dans le premier proces et momentane perfectif dans le second — qui suffit a marquer la place fixe de la temporelle. Dans cette phrase complexe, la subordonnee ne determine pas le moment du proces principal, mats c’est, au contraire, la subordonnee jui enonce un evenement nouveau, bref, qui se deroule pendant qu’une action de duree plus ou moins longue a lieu. Dans cette structure tout se passe comme si on voulait mettre en relief le second proces (proces postpose). Dans une grande majorite de phrases du type qui nous interesse, se rencontrent dans la premiere proposition des tournures verbales ä l’aspect incohatif ou volitif, dans le second membre apparaissent des expressions ou des adverbes qui soulignent la soudainete et marque la rupture de la premiere action en faveur de 'la seconde. Le couple temporel de base de la construction qui nous preoccoupe en francais est imparfait — passe simple, en serbo-croate le plus-que-parfait (passe compose) — aoriste. Le subordonnant quand (lorsque) — kad est ici une conjonction de peripetie.
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Славянизмы и русизмы представлены во всех трёх главных произведениях П. П. Негоша. Это вполне закономерно если учесть литературный профиль и биографию великого поэта нашего языка. Негош принадлежал литературному направлению сербского предрамантизма, но вместе с тем ему присущи и некоторые приёмы псевдоклассицизма. Нельзя забывать также, что Негош был теркратинеским правителем Черногории, то есть он заодно был главой церкви и главой своего крошечного государства. Кроме того, Негош читал книги на русском, языке, среди прочих авторов даже Пушкина. Автор следит за стилистической функцией славянизмов и русизмов в приведённом произведении великого поэта. Как правило, у сербских поэтов минувшего столетия трудно отграничить русизмы от славянизмов. Исследователь здесь наталкивается на непреодолимые прелятетвиа методического характера.
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Irrespective of the fact that two negations in the same clause usually cancel each other out and result in an affirmative sentence, the phenomenon of double negation in English is still a disputable problem. These aspects all lead to linguistic complexity of double negation in SLA followed by a description of its relevant characteristics and contradictory aspects in English and Ukrainian. This study aims to establish a cognitive model of double negation as understatement via a mitigation operation as regards its specific contextual effects and to explore the impact of the language of instruction on the linguistic complexity of double negation to the learner of English. Within the theory of negation, this research applies the hypothesis to the assumption that English is the main language of instruction for a Ukrainian learner, and how L2 learners’ comprehension and production of double negation occur. The hypothesis is empirically tested against the English sentences with their Ukrainian equivalents and the tasks in the questionnaire written by learners of English. The results of my research suggest that when learners interpret L2 sentences with more than one negative element we identify both similar and different double negatives in a students’ first and second language that influence enhanced awareness of double negation and which is important for successful L2 comprehension and use.
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There have been various claims made regarding the evolution of Albanian and Romanian from the Proto-Indo-European language. Some linguists claim that they are two separate languages with distinct developments, while some propose that they are far more closely related, perhaps even forming a subgroup within the IndoEuropean family. Another claim is made that a substrate language influenced these two languages, which can explain some intriguing similarities between these languages. This essay investigates the claims made for and against the subgrouping of Romanian and Albanian and establishes whether or not there is sufficient linguistic evidence to claim that there is a language from which both descend, or if these two languages rather share a long history of contact and influence of a substratum language.
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This paper analyzes the structure of conference abstracts written by the authors of the Serbian speaking area, from the field of literature. We are comparing the abstracts by Philologists, Serbs, Anglists, Romanists, Germans, and Russians. The research is carried out in order to determine how much the abstracts of these authors vary by structure. During the analysis, the model of a Ukrainian linguist Tatyana Yakhontova (2002) was used. She applied this model in order to compare the conference abstracts of Anglo-American, Ukrainian and Russian authors. Our goal is to determine to what extent the authors philologists adhere to this model. First, we present theoretical data of the structure of the conference abstracts, as well as rhetorical steps and strategies by means of which they are structured. Then, after describing the methodological settings, the results of the research conducted on the corpus of fifty summaries have been represented. The given results have been shown in the tables. The analysis included, first of all, frequency of all steps, then the frequency of the rhetorical strategies in individual steps. The results have confirmed the hypothesis that the Anglists most often follow the rules of the abstract given by Yakhontov, followed then by Romans, Germans, Serbs and Russians.
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Can one claim authoritative knowledge regarding the Other? What is the epistemic basis of a discursive practice that lays claim to knowledge of the Other? And more importantly, can such epistemological claims to knowledge, authoritative or otherwise, be the basis for an engagement with the Other? These are a few questions that this current piece returns to by means of reflection, meditation, analysis and argument. In doing so, I focus on questions of representation within critical and imaginative discourses as a means of access to and knowledge about the Other. I begin by reflecting on Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978), a work that is often received as having inaugurated a critique of representationality within an anglophone, Euro-American academic context. Following subsequent iterations of such critiques in works by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and responses to the same in the works of Dorothy Figueira, while also exploring the bases for such critiques in the work of previous scholars such as Jürgen Habermas, Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida, I explore the complex relations between discursive representations of alterity and the functionings of power. Concluding with an analysis of Frantz Fanon’s critique of Octave Mannoni’s “ethnopsychology” of the colonized Malagasy peoples, I propose that an epistemic or epistemological basis for engaging the Other is insufficient.
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In the article the author introduces the beginnings of the artistic work of the writer and painter, Peter Weiss (1916–1982) who created his early novels and paintings in exile in London, Czechoslovakia and Sweden. Short forms of prose and surrealist paintings reveal the area of his interests, reading and inspiration (e.g. Hermann Hesse, E.T.A. Hoffmann, Hieronymus Bosch, Pieter Brueghel and others). In the paper the subject of a detailed analysis are the typescripts of his two short novels, written in 1936 and 1937 and published in pieces (Skruwe – aus den Aufzeichnungen von Peter Ulrich Weiss and Die Insel. Eine Art Flugschrift. Vor Augen geführt durch Skruwe), as well as his painting compositions of that time. Both literary attempts and paintings inspired by personal experiences and books by H. Hesse document the struggle of the young author with the artistic form in paintings, as well as with the word and literary material in his writings, they also mark an important stage in his creative activity. The sources of his artistic quest are also documented in his correspondence with Hermann Hesse.
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The paper presents Polish and Slovak scientific papers on intensification. This category has not been sufficiently described by Polish and Slovak linguists so far. The author adduces the results of scientific research on intensifiers against different parts of speech. Connections between semantic category of intensification and subjectivity and evaluation are also provided. The main aim of the presented study is to coapt the linguistic achievements in research on intensification.
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The article cites materials on the history of studies that Russian linguists have conducted from 1962 to 2018 of the Komi-Permyak manuscript heritage of Archpriest Antony Popov (1784—1788), and lists inaccuracies, omissions and errors noted in the researches. Our preliminary observations have found that the Komi- Permyak manuscript heritage of Archpriest Antony Popov is little-known to a wide range of linguists and is not involved in the analysis during comparative historical studies.
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This article analyzes the field data on phonological paradigmatic accent in the verbal paradigms, which were collected by L. G. Ponomareva in 2016—2018 in various settlements of the Yus’va district (Permskiy Krai) located at a distance of 30 km from each other: Doeg, Timino, Pikunovo, Mukachevo. Comparative analysis of these data with the already published materials on Finno-Volga, Proto-Samoyedic, Khanty and Mansi accent paradigms allows to reconstruct the accent paradigm for the Proto-Uralic language, and to discover that Permic verbal paradigms are very archaic and directly succeed the Proto-Uralic ones.
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The article presents an analysis of the verbs of motion in the Russian language when translated into Turkish. The subject of this article is the verbs of motion in the Russian and Turkish languages. In the verbal system of the Russian language, verbs of motion take central place and are word-formative base, that’s why their exact translation into Turkish is necessary, as a result of this the subject of this article is relevant. The purpose of this study is to study and investigate the differences in the Russian and Turkish languages, to determine the diversity in the transmission of the meanings of Russian verbs of motion when translated into Turkish. In connection with the object in view, the following tasks were identified: to show that the Russian language belongs to the “verbal type” of languages. The way of movement, the direction is transmitted in it using a verb stem, to demonstrate that in Turkish language the direction can be transmitted by a verb stem, but the way of movement (running, walking, jumping, driving and other ways of movement) are transmitted by additional forms, often these are verbal adverbs. Based on the work done, we came to the conclusion: for each prefixed verb of motion in the Turkish language there is no specific verb that can always be used. Thus, a prefixed verb of the motion in Russian language is translated into Turkish depending on the context. In addition, in Turkish language the verbs of motion are not discriminated depending on the direction, the momentariness or multiplicity of action. It is difficult to list the equivalents of Russian verbs of motion in Turkish, but we can list methods and typical cases which correspond to the translation, because in the Turkish language the lexical meaning of a word can express the meaning of the verb very extensively and therefore, one verb can correspond to several Russian verbs. The results of the study of the verbs of motion in the Russian language and their translation into Turkish, presented in this article, can be used in teaching the course “Russian language grammar”, in Russian-Turkish translation departments in Turkish universities.
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