Д. Лесневска. Търговска кореспонденция на руски и български език
Review of: Д. Лесневска. Търговска кореспонденция на руски и български език. София, Стопанство, 135 стр.
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Review of: Д. Лесневска. Търговска кореспонденция на руски и български език. София, Стопанство, 135 стр.
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В уводната част на изследването се представят контрастивните изследвания на езиците в контакт, особено на родствените езици. Накратко се проследяват досегашните контрастивни проучвания и контрастивни проекти на хърватския и словенския език. Основната част на труда съдържа контрастивно описание на хърватския и словенския език на следните нива: фонетично-фонологично (системи на вокалите, сонантите, консонантите и ударенията), морфологично ниво (падежи, сравнителна степен на прилагателните, глаголни форми), синтактично ниво (място на енклитиките), лексикално (омоними) и правописно ниво (графемни системи). Близостта между хърватския и словенския език налага подчертано контрастивен подход при изучаването и представянето на езиците (контрастивни таблици); само този подход дава възможност за съзнателно предотвратяване и поправяне на упоритите интерферентни грешки на всички езикови нива. Накрая се привеждат теоретичните и приложните резултати от контрастивните проучвания, които допринасят за по-успешното преподаване/изучаване не само на хърватския и словенския език, но и на други славянски езици.
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Borrowing as an external factor is an important means of vocabulary enrichment. As for the Romanian lexicon, a major importance in its formation is represented by the influence of English and French. These foreign words, taken from other languages and included in the Romanian vocabulary, are adapted to the language systems. Some words entered the Romanian language directly (through direct contact between peoples with different languages; orally) or indirectly (through books or in writing in general, having a religious or bookish character). These loans were possible due to various factors, among which we can identify the geographical space around the Romanian territory, various relations between people.
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In the course of her research, the Authoress aims to show the fundamental differences in the way the linguistic image of the world is constructed in different languages (here: Polish and Classical Hebrew) at the level of syntactic structures. This component of the linguistic image of the world less frequently constitutes the object of research in the Polish cognitive tradition than, for example, lexis, which is why the Authoress considers the collected phrasemes and the meanings they convey to be particularly worth highlighting. The linguistic material that forms the basis for the research comes from the part of the Hebrew Bible called Nübî´îm, and the syntactic structures themselves are selected from the biblical material with the noun vyai ´iš, which defines man in the Bible as an individual. The structures presented here, built from a combination of the nouns xa', [;re, vyai and the prepositions B., l., l[;, la,, ta,, K. express complex and varied interpersonal relations: there are many images of closeness, cooperation, care, unanimity, but also feuds, conflicts, ruthless struggle and rivalry, with which the history of Israel was marked. Semantically, they complement the linguistic image of the intricate interpersonal relationships portrayed on the pages of the Bible.
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The following article is focused on the differences between the Aeneid by Virgil and its travesties by the Austrian author Aloys Blumauer, the Russian writer Nikolay Osipov and the founder of the new Ukrainian literature Ivan Kotliarevsky. The main aspects of analysis are the intertextuality and the pragmatics of the separate texts, or in what way the author’s intention affects the audience and the other way around – how the audience constitutes the placement of the text among national canon. Thus, the research gives an answer to the question how one mock-epic poem could stay in the centre of its national literature, and another to be pushed out in its margins.
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This article analyzes the traces of Stanisław Przybyszewski’s oeuvre in three Anton Strashimirov’s urban novels: The Meeting, The Suspension Bridge and Bena. Strashimirov, known for his restless and impressionable artistic nature, decided to equip Sofia intellectuals with the typical obsessions of Przybyszewski’s protagonists, including the fatal power of lust or the desire for unavailable androgynous synthesis. Both plot and language of the three novels reveal inspirations by the Polish author’s “naked soul” conception.
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The text examines three works of Ivaylo Petrov – “Ground Swell”, “Before I was Born and After My Death”, “A Hunt for Wolves” – and their different innovative narrative structures, perspectives and narrative styles. The article presents a structuralist view and shows the process of symmetrical perfection of their narrative structures in the period from the 1960s to the 1980s.
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The article is devoted to the participation of Slavic literatures in the debate on postmodernism and world literature in the third millennium. Referring to David Damrosch’s thesis that there has never been a national literature that developed independently of world literature, and to Douwe Foukema and Hans Bertens’ concept of the international character of postmodern literature, the text insists on a close connection between the two concepts. The main focus is on Olga Tokarchuk’s novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead, which is defined as global but also postmodern.
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The current course paper represents two poets who, at first glance, would struggle to find a common perspective. However, resemblance exists in their understanding of literature, the world, and their creative works. The sociocultural context in Peru and Bulgaria from World War I until the 1930s portrays significant connections and contrasts in the topics and motives of Geo Milev’s creations and those of Peruvian poet César Vallejo – widely regarded as one of the brightest representatives of avant-garde literature. Topics of exploration are the views of the two poets regarding modern poetry and the works of the new generation. Another focal point in their creations is the attitude towards religion and God’s displays. Object of research is also the connection with folklore. Lyrical prose is another essential point of interest in the course paper. In their poetry, similarities are abundant. The differences in their newer style of writing are highlighted on a language basis – play with punctuation (missing dots and commas), graphical experimentation (unusual usage of small and large letters, new lines). Regarding structure, the leading concept is fragmentariness. Geo Milev and César Vallejo are among the most distinguished representatives of avant-garde literature in Bulgaria and Peru, respectively, while the countries are peculiarly adjacent in their literary tendencies. Dialogic readings aim to support this statement.
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Idiomatic expressions are considered special creations of various languages as they reflect the specific cultural way the people think and bear a metaphoric or metonymic meaning. Moreover cognitive linguistics says that we perceive the reality by means of our body and environment, thus various cultures makes use of similar linguistic means to render various cultural scenarios with cases of universal linguistic representation of similar cultural patterns. Since old times writers used to speak about various vices of humans by means of animal images so as to soften the criticism and the process of deriding the weaknesses of people. However, the existing linguistic expressions were constructed in the course of language development being influenced by some previous common writings as the religious books and common human dwellings since ancient times thus explaining the common cases of associating similar animals with similar situations cross-culturally. The idioms that differ among various languages witness about the different mentality of the humans representing different cultures. In this study we compare the images of domestic animals in English, Romanian and Russian so as to identify the possible similar cases and most important, those culturally specific ones so as to help in understanding which way to conduct an intercultural communication in a correct way.
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The article addresses to romanian biblical scholars preoccupied with the history of biblical translations. We search for the biblical sources (editions and critical editions) of „Anania” translation of the Sacred Text in order to establish the dependence of the authorized versions in Europe and America. The most common francophone editions used by translator was the following: La Bible de Jérusalem (Paris, 1973); La Bible. Traduction Oecuménique (Paris, 1978); La Bible. Traduction par Émile Osty (Paris, 1973). We identify La Bible. Traduction Oecuménique (TOB) as the key one. The most common Anglophone editions used by translator was the following: The Holy Bible. King James Authorized Version (Oxford, 1977); The New Oxford Annotated Bible (Oxford, 1977); Good News Bible (New York, 1978) – with the preeminence of KJV edition. These two biblical translations (TOB and KJV) influenced the Romanian translator in his entire process of translating the original Greek text.
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The presentation/ article tries to present, as it can be observed from the title, different common incidents, both at lexical and phonetic level, between the dialect spoken in the Romanian Banat region, on one hand, and Galician, as well as Brazilian Portuguese language on the other hand. As far as the phonetic coincidences are concerned, they exist especially between the Banat region dialect and Brazilian Portuguese language, because consonants “t” and “d”, followed by the vowels “e” and “i” are pronounced in a very similar way. We can even talk about a common evolution of the primitive vowel “e” towards an “i” (which indeed exists in other languages and dialects too, especially in English). Syntactic coincidences on the other hand are more frequent between Galician and Banat dialect, certain terms being common only in the two regions, being used to designate objects exclusively typical for the two areas (such as “brenta”, a large basket, woven around four sticks, which is then strapped to the shoulder, and whose origins are probably pre-Roman, probably Celtic or Celtiber)
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Literary onomastics deals with onyms in literary works, and onyms in speculative fiction can be a vast field of potential research matter. Onomastic intrusion is the occurrence when authors give real, existing names to invented persons, places or things, which by their characteristics cannot bear those names. The paper compares and analyzes anthroponyms found in several Anglo-Saxon and Croatian works of speculative fiction, explains the probable reasons for the use of those anthroponyms, and evaluates them with respect to the notion of onomastic intrusion.
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From a functional perspective, economic terminology represents an heterogenous subsystem of the language, which made extremely interesting its study from the perspective of the presentation of the linguistic phenomena, more actively manifested in the actual phase of the language. The research of Romanian texts in the present-day mass media showed a remarkable frequency of economic terminology. Mass media is an objective source for determining the terms of current interest in competence with those already assimilated, their vast majority being of Romanic origin. Of great interest are the methods of use of these terms in Romanian language, from those that are not under the pressure of any formal adaptation, and especially, which are the methods used to make more accessible the specialized meaning.
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Sivjet është 100-vjetori i lindjes së gjuhëtarit austriak Hermann Ölberg, një vijues i shquar i shkollës albanologjike të Austrisë, ku spikatin emra të mirënjohur si Johann Georg von Hahn, Gustav Meyer, Franz Miklosich, Norbert Jokl, Rajko Nahtigal, Maximilian Lambertz, dhe që vijon edhe sot me studiues të rinj në fusha të ndryshme të studimeve albanologjike. H. Ölberg-u kishte studiuar për gjuhësi indoeuropiane në Universitetin e Innsbrukut, ku zhvilloi më pas gjithë veprimtarinë e tij mësimore e shkencore, në fillim si lektor i gjuhës esperanto (1953), pastaj pedagog i sllavishtes së vjetër kishtare (1963), ndërsa më 1972 docent dhe prej vitit 1975 profesor i gjuhësisë së përgjithshme dhe të zbatuar, derisa doli në pension (1987). Si studiues dhe profesor ai ishte përpjekur të zgjeronte rrethin e kërkimeve me tema e drejtime të reja, të bashkëpunonte me specialistë të disiplinave të ndryshme të gjuhësisë dhe të kombinonte trajtimet gjuhësore me vështrime historike e kulturore, duke hyrë në një shkëmbim të frytshëm e të shumanshëm idesh e metodash. H. Ölberg-u jetoi gjatë, 95 vjet (u nda nga jeta më 25 shkurt 2017), por mjerisht vitet e fundit i kaloi në trishtim, pasi humbi dritën e syve.
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The paper aims to explore the typology of the category of case in the epics Beowulf, The Book of Dede Korkut, The Song of The Nibelungs and The Tale of Igor's Campaign. It draws certain universal features and their nature based on the contrastive study of all the mentioned epic texts. The contrastive analysis reveals similarities in how various morphological units express the case category in these texts, suggesting that they have a deep root rather than an occasional nature. On the other hand, the results of such typological studies provide essential arguments to researchers in psychology, cultural studies, history, sociology, and other disciplines within this context. Our research topic is related to studying the typological features of case categories in ancient epics of diverse, unrelated, and geographically dispersed language speakers. In this context, it connects us to the unity of human nature and directs us towards the unity of biological and cognitive organisation. In ancient epics, identifying typological characteristics by case category means increasing the volume of language universals in this context. In ancient epics, the type of cases, and their development directions, are almost similar.
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The article presents a study of the ways of presentation of one hundred names for professions, positions, ranks, etc. in the nomenclature list for professions in the Republic of Bulgaria, and then in the Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language (DBL) and The Great Dictionary of the Polish Language (Wielki słownik języka polskiego - WSJP), which strongly influence the editors' preferences and choice of masculinisms or feminisms in traditional and web-based media and encyclopedic products. The comparison between the Polish and Bulgarian dictionaries is carried out according to four criteria in order to establish the degree of asymmetry in the presentation of feminine and masculine forms.
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The present paper approaches the preference of the consonant cluster /dr/ over /rd/ in intervocalic position in Balkan languages, opposing the preference of /rd/ in the majority of European languages, (except Slavic). The preference of intervocalic /dr/ over /rd/ is regarded as Balkan areal feature, based on the specific change of rhotic metathesis in Judeo-Spanish after its separation from the Ibero-Romance continuum. The well-known Judeo-Spanish innovation of rightward metathesis of /r/ in intervocalic cluster /rd/ to /dr/ compared to Spanish, e.g. JS guadrar vs. Sp. guardar ‘to save’, JS akodrarse vs Sp. acordarse ‘to remember’, JS pedronar vs Sp perdonar ‘to forgive’. The frequency of the consonant clusters /dr/ and /rd/ is analysed in texts in Judeo-Spanish, Balkan and few European languages. The obtained results reveal that in Balkan languages /dr/ is more frequent than /rd/, unlike several European languages. Judeo-Spanish resembles the Balkan languages and the intervocalic cluster /dr/ prevails over /rd/ in the analyzed texts. However, in Judeo-Spanish both the innovative and conservative forms co-exist. Language contact is regarded as the main trigger for this long-discussed consonant innovation, distinguishing Judeo-Spanish from Spanish and other Ibero-Romance languages. The same feature also differentiates the Balkan languages from other languages of Europe, yet it is also present in the Slavic languages. Contact with the latter may explain the higher /dr/ frequency in Romanian contrasting with other Romance languages. Further studies are needed to investigate the expansion of the consonant feature in question in Slavic, Balkan and Eastern-Mediterranean languages.
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Bulgarian publications on English compositional aspect, effectuated at the sentence level, are discussed, providing inadequate descriptions. Slavic aspect is morphologically realized in verbs, English verbs cannot signify aspect, it is explicated as an interplay of sentence components, mainly NPs. Interpretations valid for verbal-aspect languages and inapplicable to compositional aspect are forced onto English, or aspect is “discovered” at the VP-level instead of the sentence level.
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The main purpose of this article is to present a proposal for a unidirectional bilingual glossary (Spanish-Bulgarian) of the commonly used terms and terminological collocations in the field of life risk insurance. Firstly, the regulation of life risk insurance contracts in the two legislations will be studied. Next we will proceed to carry out a comparative analysis of the Spanish and Bulgarian language of insurance. The glossary building process will be explained later. Finally, we will offer a brief reflection regarding the creation of various translation support materials in the field of insurance terminology within this language combination.
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