Аспекты языковой концептуализации действительности
The paper considers the linguistic interpretation of the aspects of emptiness in the Bulgarian languages.
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The paper considers the linguistic interpretation of the aspects of emptiness in the Bulgarian languages.
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The paper focuses on the description of the specific features of interslavonic language interference. The numerous cases of interference in oral and written speech of the Slovak students studying Russian serve the object of analysis. There have been revealed several types of interference typical of the educational communication process. Then we concentrate on the detailed study of interference on lexical and phraseological level with revealing the reasons of such speech mistakes.
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The article deals with phraseology in a wide and narrow grasping of the term. The author divides the group of phraseological units and other set phrases based on colournym “blue” and “azure”. The author works with the fundamental characteristics of the colour, its transfer and symbolic meaning. The work is in russian- slovak comparative plan.
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This paper examines the most common compliment responses given in informal situations. The special attention is paid to the strategy of the “pseudo non-acceptance exaggerating a complimented characteristic” viewed as an ethno- specific communicative convention in the Russian and Ukrainian linguocultures. The study integrates a conversation analytic methodology with pragmatic and cognitive approaches to a dialogical discourse analysis. The manipulator aspect of the revealed strategy is related to semantic moves of the «apparent refutation” and “apparent justification”, implementing a logical model of “agreement under the guise of rejection”. In the context of the Grice’s theory the “pseudo non-acceptance” strategy flouts all Cooperative Maxims causing an implicature of agreement and intensification of the complimented characteristic. In an aspect of the “face and politeness theory” the analyzed reaction expresses a negative politeness strategy and the Maxim of modesty implicitly violated by pseudo nature of non-acceptance. In ethnolinguistic conceptual perspective a non-acceptance strategy is explained by the ambivalence of the concept of modesty implicating a dichotomous reaction to the compliment: the propositional level explicates a meaning of “non¬acceptance”, supporting the maxim of modesty, and the illocutionary level provides an acceptance strategy while intensifying a positive characteristic. In a logical aspect the analyzed strategy is viewed as an antiphrasis implicature with implicit meaning (intensified agreement) directly opposed to an explicated propositional disagreement. The article also explores the logical-semantic, logical and conversational- analytical parameters of the compliment’s “pseudo non-acceptance” strategy.
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The article deals with the specific features of the space-time structure of the artistic worldview in I. S. Shmelev’s «Summer of the Lord» («Leto Gospodne»). The analysis of this text aspect denotes an archaic worldview of the Russian Orthodox culture.
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Advertising today needs a short, fun and memorable phrases, which are understandable to broad consumer circles, highlight the qualities of the advertised product and encourage customers to purchase. Therefore it is often based on sayings and proverbs as universal truths and carriers of folk wisdom. There are some linguistic differences between the two short folk genres, but their functions in ad text are identical: to persuade and to entertain as puns. They are rarely used in their original form but change and become often of humorous or burlesque character. In many cases, the same adage varied or parodied in numerous advertising campaign at different times and in various fields for various products and companies, as its components are changed according to the quality of the product. The language tools for incorporation of proverbs and sayings are such as: substitution, adding words, related company, brand or product name, release or adding syllables or sounds like verbal games on phonetic basis or combined with rhetorical tools, ad-hoc-formations imitating proverb and games with intertextual allusions.
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One of the reasons for the relevance of idiom studies is the pervasiveness of figurative language in everyday discourse (Cieślicka: 2005). However, despite the frequency of idioms, they remain an obstruction to a lot of foreign language learners. The comprehension and interpretation of idiomatic expressions has been the focus of much debate in recent literature. Yet, despite the fact that there exists extensive research on processing idiomatic expressions in the monolingual mode, much less has been written about the way in which bilingual language users comprehend and interpret idiomatic language. The present study aims to fill in the gap by highlighting the issue of bilingual figurative competence. It starts with a brief overview of idiom comprehension models. Then, it presents and analyses a study conducted on the strategies Arab learners use to decode idioms. The results of the field research are analyzed, discussed and conclusions are drawn, in a last instance.
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The Japanese word tsunami meaning “harbor wave” became well known after the natural disaster caused in Sri Lanka in December 26, 2004. In both French and Greek, tsunami does not seem to restrict itself to its literal meaning. It is constantly being re-used and re-contextualised in a multiplicity of different contexts, giving rise to an abundant production of new metaphoric meanings. This article sets out to study the semantic innovations as they unfurl in the journalistic discourse both in French and Greek. It favours a semantic and discursive approach, while having recourse to the semic analysis as developed within the field of Rastier’s Interpretive Semantics.
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In an attempt to approach language humour contrastively, thepresent contribution investigates three German specimens of linguicomedyin terms of humour-generating devices and subsequently submits to thereader various strategies for translating them into English and Romanian,with ample glosses on the difficulties encountered in the process.
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This study aims to reveal and compare the embodied cognition of English and Turkish speakers through their use of body part terms in basic colour term idioms. More specifically, it addresses the distribution of the body part terms in Turkish and English basic colour term idioms and conceptual metonymies underlying these idioms, and it interprets the findings in terms of socio-cultural and socio-cognitive structures in the minds and linguistic practices of people of Turkish and English cultures. In order to achieve this aim, the idioms with Berlin and Kay’s basic colour terms and body part terms are selected from the specialized dictionaries on idioms. After the collection of data, the cognitive analysis is conducted within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The result demonstrates that although there are some conceptual metaphors and metonymies which tend to be universal as they are grounded in bodily experience, English and Turkish speakers’ conceptualizations through the basic colour terms and body parts vary tremendously because of different socio-cultural and socio-cognitive backgrounds of these speech communities.
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Prompted by Frye’s classification of literary works the present paper embarks on an investigation of the ice motif and its manifestations in a mythological and literary context. It is based on a restricted corpus, yet the survey made proves the recurrent meaning of ice to be a symbol of death and its various other connotations – inherently associated with the primal meaning revealing it in different aspects in the works to be analyzed.
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This article studies the phrasal verbs (PV) widely used in contemporary English . They are challenging to foreign language learners not only because they are numerous but also with their multiple meanings. Polysemous phrasal verbs are seen from a new perspective with the development of cognitive linguistics. Researchers apply the cognitive principles to arrange them in systematic groups and to prove that their meanings are not randomly chosen but motivated. The present study focuses on phrasal verbs with OFF and organizes their meanings in a radial network related to one core, invariant meaning. The particle encodes specific conceptualizations of spatial relations non-native speakers of English are unaware of. The article provides some suggestions to teaching PVs using a cognitive-based approach to help EFL learners memorize phrasal verbs more efficiently.
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The paper deals with neologisms based on proper names. It traces the main mechanisms by which such neologisms are formed, namely metonymic shift of meaning, affixation and blending. The creation and stability of neologisms depends on factors such as the cultural and political context. Examples in support of the abovementioned statements are provided in the paper.
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The primary goal of every news media is to produce such news items that would retain the interest of the regular readers and attract the attention of new and greater audiences. In order to achieve this goal they occasionally resort to the use of slang. Slang, however, might be difficult to understand especially for a non-native speaker of the language. That is why its understanding can be challenging and sometimes reference to dictionaries might be necessary for the meaning to be grasped. The aim of this paper is to analyze the slang terms referring to different types of drugs which occur in the discourse of the Bulgarian and the British media.
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The article compares different definitions of the basic concept of ‘sadness’ and its Bulgarian counterpart ‘тъга’ provided by bilingual and monolingual dictionaries with some instances of their use in context. Although the concept of sadness is close in meaning to ‘тъга’ and ‘печал’ there is no complete overlap in meaning between the three concepts mentioned above. Sadness covers a wider range of states: from those of being unhappy to those caused by a severe loss, while ‘тъга’ is closer in meaning to the English ‘melancholy’.
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Proper names are known to be mainly used for reference to people, places, unique objects and other individual entities. However, they can have not only referential, but also describing functions. In text, they can function as appellatives. They can contain specific connotation depending on language use.
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The paper reviews articles from American, British and Bulgarian newspapers on religion as part of Muslim identity in Bulgaria, the USA and the UK the three countries. The focus is on the linguistic devices used in articles on mosques which comprise a substantial part of the identity of American, British and Bulgarian Muslims. The main approach used in the paper is Critical Discourse Analysis.
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The article analyzes the calligraphic records from the preparatory materials for the novel “Crime and Punishment” by Fedor Dostoevsky, contained in three notebooks (the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art. Fund 212.1.3–5). Th e author of the research paper puts forward the idea that all the languages in which the writer used to put down the information during his work, including the language of ideographic writing elaborated by Dostoevsky himself, require a new approach that would not distinguish the verbal and ideographic languages in the writer’s manuscript. Calligraphic notes made by Dostoevsky during his work keep record of new names, concepts and events that are absent in the printed texts by Dostoevsky and up to now remain little-studied and unclaimed, in spite of being an important source of information about the history of his works. This article fills the gap formed due to the inattention of the publishers of Dostoevsky’s texts paid to his ideographic notes made during the work on the novel “Crime and Punishment” and constituting a single information and semantic whole with all the other entries in his notebooks of 1864–1866.
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The paper gives a brief overview of the study of theoretical prerequisites for the application of the field method in the study of the lexical-semantic field “Intellekt” (‘Intelligence’). In the course of the text analysis of H. Hesse’s novel “The Glass Bead Game”, the regarded field has been considered both in the context of the work itself and with account of the data obtained from the lexicographical sources. In the considered lexical-semantic field, the groups of nouns of the nuclear and peripheral zones characterized by the following five semantic features have been identified: cognitive ability by means of mind, ability to acquire knowledge using reflection, mind, mental activity, and level of intellectual capability. A number of the most vivid examples demonstrating the peculiarities of the translation of the selected substantives into the Russian language by different translators have been provided. Along with the five denoted groups of nouns, a separate group of substantives that have antonymic pairs in the nuclear and peripheral zones has been singled out. They are distinguished by the specific features that characterize the writer’s individual style. The results of the study allow to draw a conclusion about the propriety and efficiency of the field method for studying the lexical-semantic field “Intellekt”, in particular, its substantives within the work of fiction as it allows to identify both its semantically dominant and unique features.
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This paper examines the facts related to the use of material from the bilingual explanatory thematic dictionary “The Mirror of Manchu-Mongolian Literature Published by the Highest Order” published in 1717 in Beijing (hereinafter – HAMM) in the Mongolian-Russian-French Dictionary compiled by O.M. Kovalevsky (Józef Kowalewski) and published in the middle of the 19th century (hereinafter – the MRF). The HAMM dictionary is listed among the sources of the MRF, and many words have corresponding references to the book and folio of this dictionary. In this study, the vocabulary records of these two dictionaries were compared to identify changes reflected subsequently in the MRF dictionary. The paper provides a number of examples showing that most changes concern the grammatical forms of verbs (some were modified, deleted, or added). The choice of verb forms for the MRF dictionary was influenced by two factors: their use in the Mongolian language of that period and the difference in the way of expressing some meanings in the Manchu and Mongolian languages. The HAMM dictionary is an explanatory one, and it is the only dictionary where a parallel translation into the Mongolian language is presented not only for the Manchu words, but for all their interpretations, sometimes numbered up to five. All of them were widely used by O.M. Kovalevsky both for the exact translations into Russian and for the adding and as the result increasing of the headwords. In the paper, this statement is confirmed by numerous examples. The main conclusion of this work is that when compiling his dictionary O.M. Kovalevsky widely used material from the HAMM dictionary. First of all that were the head words, but also their interpretations (basic, additional, and Mongolian interline inserts) which helped for both Russian and French translations, and for expanding the number of headwords.
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