PARTICULAR LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE ALBANIAN GREETINGS IN THE ENGLISH TEXTS OF THE EARLY AND MID 20th CENTURY

Author(s): Benita Stavre,Erinda Papa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Language is in itself an entity of units that reflect the national identity, the traditional awareness and the particular features in which people choose to organize their daily life. Greetings remain an interesting and, at the same time, a never exhausted study domain. They express significant features of the age, the gender, the social status and the relation between people involved in communication. They also become illustrations of the geographic environment, of the historic developments and of the way the mentality is materialized in the relation between people in a given country, from generation to generation and definitely from one culture to another. The paper intends to analyze particular features of the above linguistic means that inspire cultural exchange of mentality between two very different nations.

ИНТЕРДИСКУРСИВНОСТ, ИНТЕРТЕКСТУАЛНОСТ И ПРЕЦЕДЕНТНОСТ ВЪВ ФОРУМНИЯ МЕДИАЛЕКТ

Author(s): Oksana Chervenko,Snezhana VELIKOVA / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This article analyzes the phenomena of interdiscursivity, intertextuality, precedent texts and their functions in the websites forum medialect, which could be described as an online space, where specific language usage related to internet communication is manifested. The main purpose is, firstly, to comment on these functions and, secondly, to analyze their relationship to participants’ linguistic behavior established around a specific news media in the public discourse. By presenting specific solutions, the article discusses the categories of intertextuality, interdiscursivity, precedent texts, and medialect. The illustrations for the analysis are taken from predominantly news-oriented online journalistic websites, and the article analyzes the speech behavior of the participants in the comment section medialect. Based on specific examples, the article draws conclusions about the role of the internet media in the use of the three phenomena and of the manifestations of the cooperative and masking functions performed by intertextuality, interdiscursivity and precedent texts included in the linguistic range of the commentators. The roles of the three categories in the formation of the communicative act and its outcome are commented in terms of topics that are sensitive for both journalists and the commentators of their articles. These are mainly topics that attract multiple comments due to their significance for a group of users or for the whole society, such as ethnic minorities, migration, corruption, political practices, political actors, etc. Furthermore, they manage to provoke the activity, dexterity, originality of the ones taking part in the communicative acts and thus to create favorable conditions to observe web specific linguistic practices; to track specific language usage and the communicative behavior of the addressers in the public space, observable in the internet media.

Rudolf Windisch

Author(s): Rudolf Gräf / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2022

The author outlines the bio-bibliographical profile of Rudolf Windisch (b. 1940), German linguist, Romanist and Romanianist.

Annemrie Sorescu-Marinković, Mihai Dragnea, Thede Kahl, Blagovest Njagulov, Donlald L. Dyer, and Angelo Costnzo, eds. The Romance-Speaking Balkans: Language and Politics of Identity

Author(s): Ela Cosma / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Review of: Annemrie Sorescu-Marinković, Mihai Dragnea, Thede Kahl, Blagovest Njagulov, Donlald L. Dyer, and Angelo Costnzo, eds. The Romance-Speaking Balkans: Language and Politics of Identity Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2021.

Прояви на нетикета в социалните мрежи

Author(s): Stefka Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The study examines the etiquette greeting formulas for conveying pragmatic intentions, characteristic of netiquette in social networks. The specifics of the Internet language were also reviewed. The focus of the research is on the expression of politeness as a condition for successful communication in the most widespread form of the virtual community through which interactions and relationships between individuals and groups of people are created and maintained – Facebook. We accept Facebook as a virtual public scene that reflects the new conditions and conventions of real interpersonal communication. The excerpted material is from four Facebook groups with diverse interests.

Рецензия на книгата на: Стефка Петкова-Калева „Феноменология на празното в езика и речта (върху материал от българския и руския език). Избрани трудове.“ Шумен: УИ „Епископ Константин Преславски“, 2024. 177 с.

Author(s): Nelya Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

Безлични структури със съществителното бъг и с производни от него глаголи в българската разговорна реч

Author(s): Anita Todoranova-Dushkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The provided text appears to discuss lexical units with the root bug that have found a place in the syntactic system of Bulgarian colloquial speech. The goal of the report is to present the various meanings and uses that these units have in the Bulgarian language. The purpose involves observing the context (different from the com puter field) in which these lexical units with the root „bug“ are used, and analyzing the meanings generated by this context.

Концепциите за достъпен/лесен език в контекста на устната реч

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article examines the theoretical understanding of the need to language tailoring that provide accessible communication. The problems on which the researchers are working are presented: the essence and peculiarities of the language varieties of the plain (PL) and easy (EL) language, their status in the context of the other language variants. The principles of adapting speech in OE and LE are derived and their application in writing guides prepared by media and institutions is discussed. A review of writing guides for general audiences in the media and in institutions shows that intuitively derived internal standards for accessible communication operate in practice. However, there is a lack of a consistent and unified description of strategies for making the language accessible to a wide audience. Therefore, the tailoring of PL and the preparation of descriptions and guidelines for the implementation of this language variety can, on the one hand, benefit from the results in the research of conversational and oral communication, and on the other hand, regulate the efforts to achieve accessible communication of the institutions and the media with citizens.

Разлики между достоверността на информацията, изразявана чрез четирите евиденциала в съвременния български език, според оценките на анкетирани българи

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova,Mihaela Moskova,Danka Apostolova,Yana Sivilova,Laska Laskova,Patrik Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

This study analyzes the differences between the indicative, inferential, renarrative and dubitative forms in contemporary Bulgarian based on their perceived degree of reliability, as evaluated through a survey conducted with 950 Bulgarian native speakers. The primary objective is to investigate how they perceive distinctions in reliability across six experimental scenarios that combine forms of all four evidentials. The results are used to examine the degrees of reliability in each pair of evidentials. Additionally, the study revisits the discussion on whether subordinate relationship exists between the features of subjectivity and renarrativity (reportedness) which form the oppositions between the four evidentials in contemporary Bulgarian.

Семантическая структура тематических высказы-ваний в качестве фати-ческой единицы для установления первона-чального речевого контак-та (на примерах из русских и болгарских художест¬венных текстов)

Author(s): Nadezhda Stoykova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

During the initial speech contact the speaker has the opportunity to freely choose various language means described in the speech etiquette. But the deviation from the linguistic norm is observed quite often. In a relaxed dialogue interaction, the initiator of communication can use various thematic statements as phatic units that successfully carry out the act of establishing initial speech contact. In fiction, such statements are characterised by a rather wide semantic diversification.

Die Etymologie einiger rumänischer Fischnamen

Author(s): Corinna Leschber / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2024

Southeast-European fish exploitation began in ancient times, probably in the Mesolithic, as evidenced by numerous ritual objects depicting fish. Later, it was a common subsistence strategy for the Neolithic population of the area. Zooarchaeological, archaeomythological, and historical linguistic data help analyze the etymologies of some Romanian fish names. Some can be linked etymologically to fish names in modern Slavic languages. In addition, some can be linked with fish names from the surrounding areas, or with old Common Slavic fish names. As for the inventory of these old Slavic fish names, a certain feature is prominent: the lack of Proto-Slavic names for saltwater fishes. This fact allows us to locate the ancient settling places of Proto-Slavic speakers distant from the shores of the saltwater sea, in a continentally area on the shores of rivers and lakes (Филин / Filin 1962: 117-118). The etymology of the designation *ryba ‘fish’ in Proto-Slavic is not easy to determine: several etymological attempts have been made, as shown in Blažek (2021). We aim here to shed some more light on the etymologies of Romanian fish names, which have a high level of phonetic variability, based on lexicographical data from (Antipa 1909, Коломиец / Kolomiec 1983, Vinja 1986 and Усачева / Usacheva 2003).

On the Turkish Origin of an Obsolete and Rare Bulgarian Word

Author(s): Hristina Deykova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The object of analysis in this work is the origin of a rare Bulgarian word with emotional-evaluative semantics, which has been documented in writing from the late 19th century. Various phonetic, word-forming and semantic variants are found in the available sources: хългіз, хългізин, хілгізник, хългàзник, etc. The explanations of the word from S. Mladenov (1920) and A. Nichev (1979) are, in our opinion, unsatisfactory. The former points to a Slavic origin of the word, while the latter defines it as a Spanish word that entered Bulgarian through Judeo-Spanish. The article proposes a new etymological hypothesis, according to which the word is a loanword from the Turkish language. In contrast to the previous two etymological attempts, all formal variants are explained here, with the semantic diffuseness rooted in the peculiarities of the emotional or expressive vocabulary. The broad position of Turkisms in this layer of vocabulary in the Bulgarian language is also taken into account.

Ancient Greek Loanwords in Albanian: What Do We Know and What Remains to Be Done?

Author(s): Gerard Spaans / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Most of our knowledge about the Southern Balkans in Antiquity stems directly from Ancient Greek records, so our perspective on the historical situation in this area is highly Hellenistic. The ancestors of the Albanians must have lived among the Southern Balkan tribes, since their language seems to have borrowed some agricultural terminology from Ancient Greek. Studying these approximately 20-40 loanwords can yield a different perspective on the language contact scenario in question. This paper sums up the discussion of 19 suggested Ancient Greek borrowings in Albanian, and is meant as an aid and stimulus for further research into the matter.

Концептът съдба и неговите названия в митологичен аспект

Author(s): Maya Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The paper analyses the notion “concept”, as it relates to Fate as a higher force that predetermines human life, and the personification of this force in a deity/deities. The spread and development of mythological ideas about fate in different traditions is traced. The lexicalization or naming of “fate” in different languages is examined, using linguistic, ethnolinguistic and cultural data. Common patterns are established between the words naming fate and its representations (or the deities associated with it) in the languages of Europe and the Middle East. Among the most impressive emerging patterns are those of fate as ‘a part’, ‘a share’, of fate as closely associated with the word (spoken or written), and fate as an irrevocable sentencing, fate as contingency, etc.

Неологизмите в дискурса на виртуалната езикова игра

Author(s): Elena Mesnyankina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This article examines in detail the phenomenon of playful neologization in informal Internet discourse from the point of view of word-formation, together with the semantic and stylistic characteristics of such new words in the language. A scientific definition of this phenomenon is proposed, as well as a classification of techniques for creating neologisms within the framework of hybrid digital entertainment genres.

Nad jednom stolačkom sevdalinkom

Author(s): Alija Pirić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 95-96/2024

Ključna riječ u kojoj je skoncentrirana i emocionalna i semantička vrijednost sevdalinke i istovremeno uporišna tačka od koje valja krenuti u svakoj ozbiljnijoj analizi jeste leksem sevdah. Ova riječ je vremenom poprimila, upravo zbog njezine noseće uloge, čitav spektar polifonične značenjske frakture, počev od njenog denotativnog semantičnog sloja (ljubav, čežnja, bol) pa do konotativnog simboličkog i alegorijskog simbola jedne urbane profinjenosti i rafiniranosti jednog vremena i jednog “suptilnijeg izraza i erosa koji progovara kroz sevdalinku.” Razumije se samo po sebi kako je ova magična riječ kod nas zadobila naročita značenja u simbiozi sa “slavensko-bogumilskom sjetnom prolaznošću” na jednoj, i njezinom izvornom inicijacijom, na drugoj strani. Primarno za nas je sevdah strasna i bolna patnja ali je na drugoj strani sjetna i slatka ljubavna čežnja. Ovakva bipolarnost priskrbljuje sevdahu puninu i cijelu lepezu osjećanja, koja u konačnici oplemenjuju ličnost, bez obzira na konačan ishod takvih nastojanja. Ishodišni cilj u konačnici i nije ljubavno sjedinjenje, koje se razumijeva kao profano prizemljenje duha, nego ukupna ispunjenost bića kome je takvo osjećanje znak posebnosti i ekskluziviteta. Nije svakome dato takvo stanje duha i sama činjenica dovoljna je da akteru pribavi potrebnu puninu i distinkciju naspram prizemnih stanja. Svejedno pred takvom realizacijom stoje razne prepreke, jednom individualne, drugi put kolektivne, pa se sevdah “pokazuje kao mučenje koje čine drugi i kao samomučenje i slast šibanja izlučena i samim uživljavanjem u žudnju, mazohističkim doživljavanjem ljubavi i pored svijesti o njenoj uzaludnosti.”

COMPOSITIONS OF COLOURATIVES IN "EVENINGS ON A FARM NEAR DIKANKA" BY NIKOLAI GOGOL

Author(s): Elena Nikolaevna Bekasova,Lukáš Gajarský,Andrea Grominova / Language(s): English Issue: 48/2024

The research within this article is interdisciplinary, at the intersection of linguistics and literature, and focuses on the modeling of the world's colour palette in artistic texts. In this regard, a study examining colourative compositions in the works of N.V. Gogol, where the volumetric and multidimensional style as it plays a determining role in the poetic colourization, is of special interest. The significance of word colouration in N.V. Gogol's early works shapes the objective of this article, which aims to uncover the specific representation and peculiarities of the colouratives in "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka". To characterize the systemic organization of colouratives in each short story, methods such as description, generalization, and the interpretation of linguistic material are employed, taking into account statistical data as well as elements from linguogenetic and textological approaches.

JEZIČKE KARAKTERISTIKE KULENOVIĆEVE PRIPOVIJETKE STARAC I DIJETE

Author(s): Vedad Mulavdić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2024

Scholars of Skender Kulenović's literary work have long noticed the special importance that the writer places on language. It is not without reason that some of them have called him a "miner" or "wizard" of language. Although the linguistic beauty of Kulenović's expression was initially most often observed in poetry - sonnets and poems above all - his narrative work is no less interesting from a linguistic aspect. This paper will discuss the linguistic characteristics of the story The Old Man and the Child, which belongs to the post-war period of Kulenović's literary work. A poignant and emotional theme had to be told in a special and condensed linguistic expression that reflects not only the ambience of the place and time of the story, but also the complex psychology of the characters, in the presentation of which speech characterization plays an unusually significant role. In this story, linguistic expression spreads in several directions, which proves that literature is primarily a linguistic art, and Kulenović is a writer who knows not only the basic tone, but also the numerous nuances of our language.

Żemła, kołacz, krepel… – wokół dawnego słownictwa związanego z polem tematycznym JEDZENIE obecnego w śląszczyźnie

Author(s): Beata Kiszka-Pytel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The aim of the article is to observe changes in the meaning of selected lexical archaisms that are still alive in the Silesian ethnolect, but have been forgotten or going out of use in the general Polish language, particularly those related to the traditional cuisine of the region. The research material was extracted from lexicographical works documenting regional vocabulary, i.e., Mały słownik gwary Górnego Śląska [Little Dictionary of Upper Silesian Dialects], part 1, Słownik gōrnoślōnskij gŏdki [Dictionary of Upper Silesian Godka], and confronted with the lexis collected in Mały słownik gwar polskich [Little Dictionary of Polish Dialects]. The considerations made in the study led to the following findings: the analysed lexical units, which previously enriched the active vocabulary in the general Polish language, still maintain their vitality in the Silesian ethnolect and often acquire new symbolic meaning. Moreover, a conflict between two contrasting cultural tendencies becomes evident – the departure of certain lexemes from the general Polish language into the passive vocabulary, as well as the return to tradition and a trend towards regionalism. The use of historical and linguistic analysis, as well as reference to National Corpus of Polish [Polish Language Corpus PWN], allowed to conclude about determining the limited scope of a given lexical unit.

Бравый новый мир Виктора Пелевина. К вопросу о польском переводе романа „S.N.U.F.F.”

Author(s): Jolanta Lubocha-Kruglik / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2024

The paper examines difficulties in translating meaningful (allusive) proper names and selected paratexts in the novel S.N.U.F.F. by Victor Pelevin. The chosen exemplification material shows the multi-dimensionality of Victor Pelevin’s prose and the resulting translation problems. Translation is transferring a text from one intertextual and cultural space to another. For this reason, it inevitably results in a loss of some intertextual references and a gain of new ones.