«Материалы для изучения языка васюганских инородцев (остяков) Нарымского края»… за 1889 г. св. Макария (Невского): особенности памятника, глагольная морфология, превербы

Author(s): Sergei V. Kovylin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (51)/2023

The paper presents a discussion of peculiarities of the Eastern Khanty written monument in the Vasyugan dialect “Materials for studying the language of the Vasyugan aborigines (Ostyaks) of the Narym Krai” and related materials found in the essays of the monument. The data were recorded by St. Macarius (Nevsky) during his winter trips along the Vasyugan River in 1889. The objectives of the study are to discover the features of the materials of the monument by comparing them with the known data on the Vasyugan dialect in diachrony and comparing them with the materials from the Vakh dialect, description and analysis of verbal morphology and preverbs of the idiom. All examples are presented both in the original graphics without changes and in a normalized version with morphemic parsing of lexemes and reliance on parallels presented in grammars and dictionaries published on the Eastern dialects of the Khanty language. The study provides information about the details of the record and the content of the discussed materials, some general linguistic, graphical and lexical features and also the comments provided by St. Macarius (Nevsky) which are significant for understanding the data. Further, the system of verbal categories is discussed which includes realization of action, voice, mood, tense, number and person. Additionally, verbalizers and non-finite forms of the verb are presented which include infinitive, participle and gerund. At the end of the work, there is a discussion of the preverbs found in the monument with the verbs that they modify.

CULTURAL TRANSLATION: AN ANALYSIS OF DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING PROVERBS FROM ENGLISH INTO ARABIC

Author(s): Halima Nine / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2024

This paper aims at exploring the translation of cultural aspects in proverbs and investigating the strategies employed to transmit cultural specificities to the target reader. Using selected proverbs from Mohamed Attia’s Dictionary of Common English Proverbs translated from English into Arabic, this study employs Venuti's theory of domestication and foreignization along with Newmark’s cultural categories in an attempt to examine the translator’s role in dealing with cultural differences between English and Arabic. The findings reveal that both domestication and foreignization can be employed in the cultural translation of proverbs, with domestication predominating in conveying religious terms and foreignization prevailing for historical terms.

LES SEQUENCES PROTOTYPIQUES DE JEAN-MICHEL ADAM DANS LES TEXTES NON-LITTERAIRES

Author(s): Cristina-Ileana Cândea-Axinte (Bălos) / Language(s): French Issue: 37/2024

According to linguist Jean-Michel Adam’s theory, literary texts have a sequential structure and five prototypes of basic sequential patterns can be identified, as following: narrative, descriptive, argumentative, explanatory and dialogic. Literary texts are composed of heterogeneous sequential structures, combining several prototypical sequences. One cannot speak of homogeneity of sequences in this type of texts. We aim to demonstrate that, while having an explanatory purpose, scientific writings such as a summary of a doctoral thesis belonging to the field of language sciences, abide by the same rules and are therefore not homogenous.

THE PHRASEOLOGICAL CALQUE IN THE CURRENT ROMANIAN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Iuliana Nedelcu (Neacșu) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2024

The term calque was borrowed from another field, that of graphic arts where it is used with the meaning of imitating a sketch or drawing. Over time, it widened its semantic sphere, being used in several fields, with the meaning of copy, imitation or reproduction. Most of the calque are perfect imitations, especially from the French language, during the period when the Romanian language went through the modernization period. In the contemporary Romanian language, however, there are many imperfect calque, the adopted model not respecting the structure of the phraseological unit in the language from which it was borrowed.

Communicative and functional intentionality of femininity and masculinity: Grammar and semantics

Author(s): ANATOLII Zahnitko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article discusses the communicative and functional intentionality of femininity and masculinity in terms of grammar and semantics. The research aims to analyze the communicative and functional orientation of femininity and masculinity, examining their relationship and/ or lack of correlation with feminine and masculine forms, and their manifestations in discursive practices. The article proposes distinguishing trends in contemporary feminization by diagnosing traditional- normative and gender-sensitive approaches to naming female individuals based on social status, profession, and title. Additionally, it seeks to determine the key factors driving public demand for the use of derived feminine forms. By comparing the functioning of feminine forms in the German language, the article identifi es the main psychological, social, pragmatic, cognitive (including cognitive-behavioral and cultural-historical) factors that burden the national memory with noun forms for the nomination of female individuals in the modern Ukrainian language.

99 anni di lessicografia bilingue italiano-ceca, ceco-italiana

Author(s): Luca Palmarini / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2024

The article aims to analyse the first 99 years of Italian-Czech, Czech-Italian bilingual lexicography, from its origins, dated 1890, up to 1989, the year of the fall of Communism in Czechoslovakia. After having briefly introduced the literary and linguistic relationships of Bohemia and Moravia with the Italian peninsula, the paper focuses on the lexicographic ones, starting with some references to the multilingual dictionaries in which Czech and Italian are present, then moving on to the path of history of Italian-Czech, Czech-Italian bilingual dictionaries and its lexicographic analysis. The analysis is in a diachronic key; the methodology adopted is of a comparative nature, with references to lexicultural elements, also in relation to other coeval bilingual dictionaries. The results obtained have allowed the reconstruction of the history of the first 99 years of the bilingual lexicography in question, the identification of two phases (1890-1940; 1945-1989), and the highlighting of the purposes of the individual works and some of their lexicographic characteristics and contents that allow us to characterise them in "dictionaries" and "small dictionaries". The research shows that the initial path of Italian-Czech, Czech-Italian bilingual lexicography is significantly influenced by the German model that was dominant at date. Several factors (the minor role of the Czech language, the lack of an independent state until 1918, and the end of the communist regime) have resulted in the prevalence of works of meagre content; only a few are real dictionaries. However, the unidirectional works confirm the continuous interest of the Czech community in the Italian language.

Лексикографические параметры словаря косметики и косметологии

Author(s): Irena Petrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

Nominative processes in the field of terminologies attract close attention of researchers. At the present time, the issues of the ordered sectoral terminological arrays are especially relevant. The article presents a thematic classification of terms of cosmetology and cosmetics according to the conceptual-thematic principle based on the variety of semantic connections of terms and concepts of this field. The proposed concept of the terminological dictionary of the language of cosmetology and cosmetics, the methodological expediency of the composition of the terminological thematic dictionary-syllabus of cosmetology and cosmetics, the questions of the formation of the professional terminological vocabulary of cosmetology and cosmetics, lexicographic aspects of the terminology of cosmetology and cosmetics, the main features and criteria for the selection of the dictionary in a separate type, initial positions ; macrostructure and microstructure of the terminological thematic dictionary-syllabus cosmetology and cosmetics.

Stanisław Gajda – uczony, humanista, mistrz, kolega i przyjaciel

Author(s): Maria Wojtak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXII/2023

Wieść o śmierci profesora Stanisława Gajdy szybko obiegła środowiska akademickie w Polsce i za granicą, napełniwszy smutkiem licznych przedstawicieli nauki – nie tylko językoznawców. Dzięki swojej wieloaspektowej działalności i postawie życiowej opolski lingwista był bowiem znany szerokiemu gronu naukowców. Zamknęło się życie uczonego o niekwestionowanym autorytecie, dla wielu mistrza, dla innych mentora, ale też dobrego kolegi i przyjaciela. O szacunku dla mistrza świadczy choćby styl zredagowania jubileuszowego biogramu przez Jolantę Nocoń (2016: 11–13), a sylwetkę wybitnego badacza, organizatora życia naukowego i przede wszystkim przyjaciela kreśli we wspomnieniu Stanisław Dubisz (2023: 7–11).

PARTYKUŁY EPISTEMICZNE W PODRĘCZNIKACH DO NAUCZANIA JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO DLA POZIOMÓW A1 I A2

Author(s): Marta Piasecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

This article presents the usages of Polish epistemic particles in the material of textbooks for learners of Polish as a foreign language at levels A1 and A2. The goal of the research was to identify the units and analyse meanings, as well as typical context and functions of the particles. The usages of the particles pewnie, chyba, może, na pewno, oczywiście, and naprawdę were confronted with their meanings specified in dictionaries. The analysis demonstrates lack of exercises teaching their usages and explanations of the meaning of the particles in the textbooks.

Wybory translatorskie XIX-wiecznego słownikarza rosyjskiego jako impuls do badań chronologizacyjnych polskiej leksyki zapożyczonej

Author(s): Jolanta Mędelska,Piotr Wierzchoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

Fifty-one entries (with the letter M) in the Russian-Polish dictionary of 1877 which were assigned a discussion of the meaning instead of a real translation, e.g. муссон – wjatr periodyczny [a periodic wind], were examined. These were limited to borrowed Russian units which today correspond to Polish borrowed units, e.g. муссон – monsun [monsoon]. The Polish words are the object of the analysis. In order to discover the reason for their omission from the dictionary, evidence of their use in the corpus of historical texts was sought. It was found that 80% of the borrowings (41 units) occurred in texts before 1876, but some of them were not recorded in the dictionaries of the time and perhaps that is why they did not find their way into the translation dictionary. 20% of the material (10 units) is lexis that entered circulation after the dictionary was published.

Ассоциативные колоративы-композиты в современном русском языке

Author(s): Irina V. Elyntseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

The article is devoted to associative composite color names in the modern Russian language (on the material of the National Corps of the Russian Language). The constituent components of these lexemes are perfomed of colorative adjectives (their stems), which are formed from the names of fairly common realities. They call color using associative connections with them. Being independent linguistic units, these color names are often combined with the word цвет(а) (color), which, in our opinion, is due to the style of the text. The groups of nominations are distinguished depending on the type of their components and the kind of connection between them. The conclusion is made that coloratives of this category are in demand by native speakers of the Russian language and are widely used in speech practice.

Рецензия на монография: Петрова Ирена. Лингвистические и методические аспекты русского языка как иностранного для специальных целей (на материале терминологической системы косметологии и косметики. Шумен: Университетско издателство „Епископ Константи

Author(s): Elena Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Словник болгарской специальной лексики в области транспортно-экспедиционной деятельности – проблемы составления

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

The paper focuses on some problems of compiling a word list of Bulgarian specialized vocabulary as part of the work on the Russian-Bulgarian dictionary of freight forwarding terms. The stages of the work are presented – the identification of main and additional sources, the specialized vocabulary items selection from the sources of the sphere of usage, the addition of the compiled vocabulary word list from the sources of the sphere of fixation, the stratification of the selected specialized vocabulary items and the decision on inclusion or non-inclusion of each of them in the word list, the use in compiling the Bulgarian word list of the classification by thematic groups developed during the study of Russian specialized vocabulary.

ALTUN YARUK’TA TEKRARLAR

Author(s): Aysel AHMEDOVA / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 23/2024

Most of the Old Uyghur texts are religious texts, but literary features are also common in these texts. Altun Yaruk Sudur is one of the biggest Old Uyghur Buddhist works. Figures of speech including repetitions are frequently encountered in this work. Repetitions add literary value to Altun Yaruk and provide the text with coherence. There are various types of repetitions in Altun Yaruk such as anaphora (repeating the words at the beginning of the sentences), epiphora (repeating the words at the end of the sentences), repeating the hendiadys made of the same words, using different forms of the same word, using different words from the same root, repeating the sentence or some parts of it, repeating functional parts of speech (postpositions, conjunctions), etc. Instead of the use of pronouns as reference items, the work uses the previous word. In Altun Yaruk, there are paragraphs which are almost entirely composed of repetitions. The aim of the study is to determine repetitions in Altun Yaruk, to find out the types and usage characteristics of the repetitions. For this purpose, we will apply to the studies on the notions like repetitions, their types, and the role of repetitions in forming cohesion in texts, we will analyze the examples of repetitions in Altun Yaruk, and by explaining their meanings, we will define their functions in forming the text. The paper asserts that repetitions are very frequent in Altun Yaruk, that these repetitions form cohesion in the text, they add poetic features and expressive power to the text, they make it more comprehensible and memorable. Besides, it will show that the repetitions in Altun Yaruk were not made by chance, but each of them was added to the text by the will and decision of the translator.

Метафора как средство номинации в ИТ-сфере

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The article considers a characteristic feature of the lexicon of the computer sphere in Russian and Bulgarian - metaphorization as a means of nomination in the IT sphere. The terms and slang units formed in this way are not only an expressive linguistic means, but also a means of transmitting information to a special field of knowledge, are a means of cognition and an expression of national and cultural specificity. Metaphorical transference is carried out on the basis of associative external features, functions or actions. The change in the semantics of common tokens is associated with an object, phenomenon, process, etc., belonging to the field of IT and is carried out by linking the new and common, sometimes metaphorization occurs in English, the language from which computer terminology is borrowed.

О некоторых неоднозначных моментах в исследовании семантики языковых единиц со значением базовых эмоций

Author(s): Rimma Sakharova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The article is devoted to the description of ambiguous moments in the study of linguistic units with the meaning of basic emotions in the German and Belarusian languages. Linguistic data indicate that emotions are complex internal mental phenomena, resulting in the difficulty of their differentiation and subsequent awareness and verbalization (representation with the use of linguistic means) by a person, and, as a consequence, the lack of clarity in the semantics of linguistic unitsr epresenting basic emotions in the compared languages. On the one hand this is manifested in the fact that for the representation of one basic emotion in the compared languages, several nominative units are used, showing different ways of realizing this emotion. On the other hand, for the definition of emotion, first of all, a person's perception is used when experiencing this emotion. This fact underlines the important role of physiology in the process of comprehending and describing emotions.

Продуктивные словообразовательные модели подъязыка сферы косметологии и косметики

Author(s): Irena Petrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2020

Analysis of the language of science and technology is an actual scientific direction in modern linguistics. Word formation processes in the field of terminology are the object of a large number of linguistic studies on various term systems based on different languages. The article analyzes the sources and methods of formation of terminological vocabulary of the Russian language in the field of cosmetology and cosmetics, considers the productive word-formation models of terms in this area, which are not sufficiently covered in the linguistic literature today.

За някои особености във формалната структура на термините словосъчетания в съвременния български и руски език

Author(s): Kristiyana Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The number of terms today in various fields of knowledge is huge. Therefore, the question of their linguistic features and the ways in which they are formed and function is increasingly attracting the attention of terminologists. The terms word combinations have a variety of syntactic and structural models. They are basically prepositions and prepositions. The emphasis in this report is on the consideration of the formal structure of the terms word combinations in Bulgarian and Russian. Their formal structureand the syntactic connection between their components are considered. Some basic formal-structural models are presented, according to which a number of conclusions can be made about the linguistic form of the terms word combinations in the two languages. examples from the field of socio-political vocabulary and from the field of ecology and environmental protection.

Глаголи за слухово възприятие и звукопроизводство и техните фреймови характеристики

Author(s): Hristina Kukova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article aims to outline the semantic and syntactic specifics of verbs of auditory perception and sound production. There is a strong semantic relationship between these two subclasses, although the predicates differ in terms of the syntactic realisation of their semantic participants. Five FrameNet frames are analysed in more detail. Their description consists of a definition of the frame and its frame elements and examples illustrating the frame’s use.

Исследование производности и частотности употребления терминов транспортно-экспедиционной деятельности

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The article presents the results of study of the freight forwarding terms according to two criteria – the derivation and the frequency of use. Based on the comparison of the results, the terms located in the center of the considered term system are identified.