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“STELELE ȘI LALELELE”: SAGGIO DI MICROMONOGRAFIA STORICO DESCRITTIVA DI UNA CLASSE FLESSIVA DELLA LINGUA ROMENA (I)

Author(s): Roberto Merlo / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 4/2020

“Stelele şi lalelele”: Essay of Micromonography of a Romanian Inflectional Class (I). This article is the first of a three-part study aimed at reconstructing the origin and the history of a sub-class of nouns that, from a Romance perspective, has been considered a distinctive feature of Romanian, as well as at bringing into discussion its current status. The object of the study is the sub-class of f nouns ending in the sg NA in stressed vowel, and with pl in -le. In this first part, the author lays out the matter, illustrating the distinctiveness of the morpheme f pl le with respect to Romance pl endings and describing the morphological traits of this class in contemporary Romanian as “radical theme” nouns, i.e. f nouns lacking a specific morpheme for sg NA (f√ ø). In preparation to the following two parts of the study, the author discusses here the Latin origin of f√ ø in Common Romanian, identifying the members of the sub-class directly inherited from Latin.

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„Atsimenu“: afrikata ar sprogstamojo ir pučiamojo priebalsio samplaika?

Author(s): Asta Kazlauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 36/2020

The aim of this study is to determine whether consonant clusters [t]+[s]/[tj]+[sj] used at the junction of Lithuanian morphemes and words are pronounced as affricates [t͡s]/[t͡sj] or as clusters of separate consonants. The sentences with affricates and clusters were read three times at different rate (usual and fast) by 10 native speakers (5 men and 5 women with higher education, aged 24–55). The duration of the affricates and the clusters was measured, and their structural models were compared. The duration of the affricates and the clusters analysed in the study is very similar. The frication of the clusters at the usual reading rate is a little (1.1 times) longer than the frication of the affricates. However, the duration of the frication at the fast reading is the same. While the duration of the closure of the affricates is longer at the fast reading, it is the same at the usual reading rate. There are three structural models of the affricates and clusters: a) closure and frication (62% of the researched clusters and 56% of the affricates), b) continuous or intensifying frication (17% clusters and 26% affricates), c) closure, slight plosion and frication (21% clusters and 18% affricates). The results of this research indicate that the consonant clusters [t]+[s]/[tj]+[sj] at the junction of the morphemes and clitics and words are pronounced as the affricates, and therefore are accordingly marked in transcribed texts.

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Форми за минали времена на глаголите в българските говори в Косово

Author(s): Luchia Antonova-Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2018

The article investigates the peculiarities of the formation, use and meanings of the forms for past tense in the speech of the inhabitants of three settlements in South Kosovo. They are associated with the westernmost part of the Bulgarian dialect continuum according to their basic language characteristics. The widening of the use of past perfect tense as well as the existence of specific forms of future tense in the past and conditional is described.

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Формованє и пременки у деклинациї меновнїкох у руским язику (єднинa меновнїкох женского роду)

Author(s): Oksana Timko Đitko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2018

In the Proto-Slavic language, the noun declension was organized upon the noun bases. The declension system, as inherited from the Proto-Indo-European, had 11 changes: seven vowel changes and four consonant changes. Due to various phonetic and morphological changes that affected each of the contemporary Slavic languages thorough the centuries of their separate existence, the noun declension differs in each of them to some degree. Besides, throughout the further development of Slavic languages, after the disintegration of the Proto-Slavic community, such Proto-Slavic organization of the noun declension was replaced by a system of paradigms based on the grammatical gender. Our goal is to see how the declension system in the Ruthenian language was formed as compared with the one in the Ukrainian and the Croatian language. We shall compare the feminine nouns in these two languages and see how former declensions according to various bases got adapted nowadays. We shall pay special attention to dialects of these languages and see whether the differences on the dialectal level are smaller.

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ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМИ СА ЛЕКСЕМОМ "ВОДА" У СРПСКОМ И ЕНГЛЕСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

Author(s): Tamara Janevska / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 71/2020

The aim of this research is to perform the analysis of idioms containing the lexeme water in Serbian and English language. The goal was to confirm whether, and to what degree, these two languages show similarity in the lexical sense and to identify possible subtle differences in meaning that certain varieties of an idiom give rise to, which we sought to discover by conducting the semantic analysis of the examples extracted from the dictionaries. The research concluded that there are no major differences in the two languages regarding the semantic meaning overall, since we find the same categories into which these idioms can be classified. Regarding the varieties, differences are noticed only in a small number of Serbian idioms.

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ФРЕКВЕНТНОСТ УПОТРЕБЕ ЕНГЛЕСКИХ НЕПРАВИЛНИХ ГЛАГОЛА КАО ФАКТОР РЕГУЛАРИЗАЦИЈЕ

Author(s): Jelena M. Josijević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 56/2015

This paper aims at testing the traditional hypothesis stating that the higher frequency the word possesses the more is it resistent to alternations. The paper focuses on English irregular verbs. The analysis is conducted on 32 irregular verbs used in both regular and irregular forms of preterite and past participle. Based on the data presented in previous papers, dedicated to English transitioning verbs, the values for probability of each form are obtained. The probability of the occurence (of regular forms) is taken as Y variable and absolute frequency as X variable. Then, the equations for linear regression and the correlation coefficients for these two variables are calculated with Graph Pad Prism 6 statistical software. The results obtained through this analysis do not confirm the traditional hypothesis but they do support the alternative theories which advocate that analogical changes in inflectional system are sporadic in its nature when there are no strong extramorphological forces (e.g. new language contact situations, relevant changes in phonetic system, etc.). In other words, the directions and the outcomes of these analogical changes cannot be predicted.

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ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ РАЗНОВИДНОСТИ ИМЁН СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ С СУФФИКСОМ -УШ-/-ЮШВ СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Elena Aleksandrovna Makleeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2017

The object of research in this work is derived nouns with the suffix -ush-/-yush- (-уш-/-юш-). The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that this suffix has been insufficiently studied, probably because it is productive mainly in speaking and the number of words with the suffix -ushin dictionaries is small. The empirical material has been taken from A.A. Zaliznyak’s “Grammatical Dictionary of Russian Language”, explanatory dictionaries and the Russian National Corpus; a total of 250 derivative words have been identified and analyzed. Based on the method of complex functional analysis developed by us earlier, the functional properties and the morphemic status of the suffix -ushwere determined. It has been established that this suffix is a word-forming one, five word-formation types of derivative words with the suffix -ush- have been described. They can perform expressive, compressive, stylistic or nominative function in speech. Furthermore, suffixes of all derivational types have been characterized based on the positions of invariance/non-invariance, as well as the presence of a system-forming and functional-stylistic potential and a functional-stylistic orientation. The results of the functional analysis reveal that there are four functional-stylistic variants of the suffix -ush-. The obtained data can be used in teaching Russian and Russian as a foreign language. The study shows that it is possible to create a system-functional catalog of Russian affixes in the future.

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Функционирование слов категории состояния в древнерусских памятниках XII–XVII вв.

Author(s): Oksana Ushakova / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 2016

The monograph deals with the issue of the categories of state (predicative adverbs), which is a debatable point of contemporary Russian linguistics. In the center of interest are therefore indeclinable units that engage only in the predicate role of single-predicate sentences and express the state generally. The monograph completely describes how these words are represented and how they function in Old Russian texts from 12th to 17th century. The analysed units are viewed in lexical, derivative, morphological and syntactic terms. The complex research of such word is carried out in the confrontational diachronic and synchronic aspects of using data from Czech language.

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ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ С СУФФИКСОМ -(Е)НИЕ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИИ А.И. ГЕРЦЕНА «БЫЛОЕ И ДУМЫ»

Author(s): Bejza Altay / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2017

The paper focuses on the semantics and functioning of nouns with the suffix -(e)nie (-(е)ние) in A.I. Herzen’s “My Past and Thoughts”. The research novelty is determined by the lack of linguistic knowledge about A.I. Herzen’s writings. The research relevance is defined by the necessity to complete the analytic view of Russian language history and historical stylistics. The analysis has been carried out based on the Russian National Corpus, using the continuous sampling method. As a result of the analysis, quantitative data have been obtained. Furthermore, A.I. Herzen’s usage of nouns has been characterized from the diachronic point of view, i.e., it has been revealed how active he was in usage of outdated lexemes or, on the contrary, new ones. To fulfill this purpose, data from the customized sub-corpus covering the “My Past and Thoughts” text have been compared with the main corpus data. It has been found out that nouns with the suffix -(e)nie- are exceptionally frequent in “My Past and Thoughts”. The data are characterized by several parameters: from the point of their origins, which are determined, in particular, by producing stems’ features; from the point of usage frequency, both in works contemporary to Herzen’s writings, as well as those preceding it and created later. A.I. Herzen uses a) various archaisms, including those related to the Church Slavonic tradition (though, mainly, in non-sacral contexts), loan words subsequently displaced by their synonyms, and nouns motivated by verbs with outdated vocalization; b) words new to his time, but widespread later; c) occasional derivates. The essential features of writer’s personality are the usage of suffix derivates based on imperfective verb stems, and also non-standard context decisions.

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ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ НЕНОРМАТИВНИХ ФОРМ ПРИКМЕТНИКІВ ІЗ ПРЕФІКСОМ НАЙ-: ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ АКСІОЛОГІЧНИХ СМИСЛІВ

Author(s): Dariya Riazantseva / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2013

The article deals with the analysis of non-normative adjectives with the prefix nai-. The reflection of axiological senses has been analyzed.

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Хакасские прилагательные на -кы ~ -гы (дополнение к статье А. В. Дыбо, Ф. С. Крылова, В. С. Мальцевой и А. В. Шеймович «Сегментные правила в автоматическом парсере Корпуса хакасского языка»)

Author(s): Ilya B. Itkin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 01 (32)/2019

В статье А. В. Дыбо, Ф. С. Крылова, В. С. Мальцевой и А. В. Шеймович (далее ― «А. В. Дыбо с со- авторами») «Сегментные правила в автоматическом парсере Корпуса хакасского языка», опубликованной в настоящем номере журнала «Урало-алтайские исследования», рассматривается, в частности, явление, которое авторы статьи интерпретируют как нестандартную морфонологическую вариативность хакас- ского адъективного суффикса -КЫ: после основ с исходом на сонорный прилагательные (обычные и субстантивированные) могут принимать как морф -хы ~ -кi, так и морф -ғы ~ -гi. А. В. Дыбо с соавтора- ми высказывают гипотезу о возможной зависимости выбора звонкого или глухого варианта суффикса от конечного согласного основы («глухой вариант выступает в подавляющем большинстве случаев после р 〈…〉, единично после н 〈…〉; звонкий вариант выступает редко после р 〈…〉, обычно после других сонор- ных и й 〈…〉» — см. сноску 18 на с. 58) и подчеркивают, что «[п]роблема нуждается в дальнейшем изучении» [Там же].

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Хеваи - Хеваија или Хеваија - Хеваије

Author(s): Miloš Okuka / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 3-4/1991

Der Artikel weist auf die Undifferenziertheit der morphologischen Formen bei den moslemischen Familiennamen vom Typ : Uskufi in der Sprachpraxis.

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Хиландарски спис "О осам врста речи" – превод са српскословенског језика и коментари

Author(s): Gordana Jovanović,Miroslav Vukelić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 53/2016

The first known Slavonic grammatical treatise The Eight Parts of Speech survives in forty-three manuscripts, the two oldest of which (from the14th and 15th century respectively) belong to the Serbian, while all the others belong to the Russian redaction. Our study seeks to show that the text relies mostly (but not only) on The Art of Grammar by Dionysius Thrax and on his disciples. An analysis of the Slavonic grammatical terms and their Greek basis is followed by the translation of the text from Old Church Slavonic into contemporary Serbian furnished with necessary commentaries.

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Хипотактичке структуре за исказивање темпоралних односа у делу стефанит и ихнилат: филолошка и функционалностилска анализа

Author(s): Vesna Bajić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 48/2017

This paper deals with hypotactic structures expressing temporal relations in the domain of both temporal identification and temporal quantification in the parable-like narrative Stefanit i Ihnilat, which forms part of Serbian Church Slavonic translated literature corpus. The research has been conducted on the text that represents the youngest transcript of this literary work, which stems from the 17th century. The immediate subject of the research are nominal and verbal strategies in the functional-semantic domain of temporality. The research determines the distribution and the ratio of participles in the function of gerund, as the strategy that has a foothold in the Old Serbian system, of the dative absolute, as a bookish category, and of temporal clauses, introduced with conjunctions of bookish or vernacular origin. Besides, this research investigates the deviation from the Serbian Church Slavonic norm in the usage of nominal strategies, which is influenced by the vernacular, as well as the way of expressing semantic relations within a complex sentence, which can be of low stylistic value in the profane literary works, influenced by the spoken language. Investigation of all these aspects has been conducted with the aim to correctly define the functional style of the analyzed narrative. The results of the syntactic and semantic analysis have been expressed quantitatively and the incidence of competing syntactic strategies has been given in relation to one another. The results obtained in this research have been compared to the findings obtained in the analysis of other Serbian Church Slavonic literary works with the aim to determine more precisely the character of language and style of the analyzed narrative. Although the syntactic norm of Serbian Church Slavonic which appears in the liter ary works of sacral character is mostly well-known, the syntax of literary works which belong to the profane sphere has not been investigated enough yet; it is currently in the process of thorough analysis. Therefore the results of the research that has been conduct ed in this paper can be regarded as a modest contribution to understanding the Serbian Church Slavonic hypotaxis in the literary works of profane character.

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Числительные в ситуации межславянского языкового контакта по данным польского переселенческого говора в Республике Хакасия и Красноярском крае РФ

Author(s): Ilya Egorov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 162/2018

The article deals with the question of transformation of the numeral system in the Polish immigrant dialect spoken in two villages in Western Siberia: Znamenka (Bogradsky District of the Republic of Khakassia) and Alexandrovka (Krasnoturansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai). The roots of the given immigrant dialect go back to Masurian group of Masovian dialect. The comparison of material in question to Mazurian dialect in Poland shows such innovations as the Russian syntax model of compound ordinal numerals, the development of paucal forms of nouns, the expression of personality by independent use of numerals. The original numerals for ‘40’ and ‘90’, that do not have Russian cognates, were replaced by borrowings. These phenomena are closely connected to general trend of language attrition in the immigrant community.

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Членуване на съществителни нарицателни имена от мъжки род с пълен и с кратък член. Практическо-прагматичен подход

Author(s): Galya Hristozova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2017

Analyzed are some important rules of suffixing common masculine nouns ending in consonants with definite and indefinite articles. Identified are some typical mistakes. The approach to the problem is practical and pragmatic. Suggested are various ways of checking mistakes without unnecessary theorizing. The aim is to develop mechanisms for practical actions that will facilitate the suffixing of nouns with definite and indefinite articles.

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Чувашский перевод одной проповеди середины XIX века

Author(s): Alexandr V. Savelyev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 01 (20)/2016

The article is devoted to a major mid-19th-century text in Chuvash, a translation of a sermon by Metropolitan Gregory (Postnikov) named "A day of a holy life, or an answer to the question of how I can live holy?". The author considers in detail the monument's writing system, which partly comes from “An inscription of the Chuvash language rules and a Dictionary, compiled for religious schools of the Kazan diocese” by V. P. Vishnevsky and partly is unique among those of old-written records in Chuvash. Analysing the phonological and morphological features of the text's language allows to establish that it's based on the Sundyr dialect of Chuvash, which falls in line together with the historical data on where were the priests, authors of the translation, from.

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Эллиптические конструкции и двойное падеж­ное маркирование в удмуртском языке

Author(s): Galina Nekrasova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2018

The article analyses the morphosyntactic features of word forms that include two different case endings. Such double marking of case occurs in two kinds of elliptical constructions — possessive nominal constructions and comparative constructions. It is shown that if the head of a possessive construction is ellipted, the grammatical markers of all members of the possessive construction are retained in the nominal dependent, whereas the ellipsis of a component of the comparative construction will retain just the case marker of the ellipted component.

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ЭТИМОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ГНЕЗДО *DATI В ПРАСЛАВЯНСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ, СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ, СЕМАНТИКА

Author(s): Natalia Piataeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 14/2017

The article presents the results of a study of vocabulary from Indo-European root *dō- in the Proto-Slavonic language. As a result, the following was performed: 1) reconstruction of etymological nest with vertex *dati ‘give; the process of transferring of an object to another person in relation to the pre-Slavic state based on the use of materials of etymological dictionaries comprising the later Slavonic language – «Etymological dictionary of Slavic» edited by O. Trubachyov and «Słownik prasłowiański» edited by F. Slavsky; 2) description of the methodology for etymological nests built by the type of a word-forming nest, principles of the making and design were developed by A. N. Tikhonov in “Word-formation dictionary of the Russian language”; 3) lexicographical parameterization of an etymological nest in the form of a diagram, which shows the word-formation and semantic relations of the words; 4) description in terms of various aspects housing cognate words in terms of semantics, derivation, their morphemic composition and morphological characteristics; 5) in the Slavonic nest, there are 4 semantic word-building centers, which underwent deetymologization in the old Russian language and formed the independent word-formation nests: verbial: *dati, *damъ ‘give’, and three nominal: *danь ‘tribute to file’ as the obligatory transfer of the object as a ransom fee, tax, *darъ ‘gift’ as a voluntary transfer of an object as a gift, remuneration and a noun nomen acti *datja ‘giving, bringing a gift’. The author hopes that this list of major lexical associations in successive historical levels in the language development can play an important role in the system view on the formation and dynamics of the world picture of the native speakers of this language.

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Этимология болгарского гидронима Велпица

Author(s): Maxim A. Yuyukin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2020

The article deals with the etymological analysis of the Bulgarian river name Velpitsa. In the author’s opinion, it comes from the hydronymic stem *vьl-p- < *vьl- (> *vъl-), cf. *vьlna ‘wave’, + the determinative -p-, known in Belarusian and Polish water names and having probable Baltic and Germanic parallels. The dialectical development of the type tĭlt > telt occurs in a number of Bulgarian place names and common words.

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