Ambipositsioonide morfsüntaktilise varieerumise kirjeldusi kvantitatiivsete profiilide abil

Author(s): Mirjam Ruutma,Aki-Juhani Kyröläinen,Kristel Uiboaed,Maarja-Liisa Pilvik / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 02/2016

Certain Estonian adpositions can occur either as prepositions or as postpositions (e.g. ümber maja, maja ümber ’round the house’). In this study, we refer to these as ambipositions and the goal of this study is to find the motivation for this positional variation in usage. The data come from the Estonian Dialect Corpus, which contains natural dialectal speech, allowing us to simultaneously include both linguistic as well as dialectal factors as part of the analysis. Here, we have included five ambipositions, läbi ’through’, mööda ’along’, vastu ’against’, üle ’over’ and ümber ’around’, that occurred with sufficient frequency in both positions. All utterances of these ambipositions in the corpus were included as part of this study and the results of the quantitative analysis, based on classification trees, showed that out of eight factors considered for the analyses, six influenced the realization of these ambipositions in usage, either as preposition or as postposition. The following factors significantly influenced their realization: dialect, case of the complement, word order, animacy of the complement’s referent, number, semantic function of the adposition. Verb tense and length of the adpositsional phrase were not significant for any of the analyses. In addition to identifying the abovementioned factors that influenced their realization globally, we provide an analysis for each of the ambipositions displaying their morpho-syntactic and geographical profile. In general, these profiles can be used, for example, in lexicography or in language teaching. Finally, the results indicate that the usage profiles of these ambipositions are rather specific and their realization appears to be more strongly influenced by linguistic rather than dialectal factors.

Amurca, murga, murk во романските и балканските јазици. Од романската и балканската лингвистика, патронимика и топономастика

Author(s): G´org´i Šoptrajanov / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 1/1956

Dans cette étude les formes anturca, murga, murk et celles qui s’y apparentent, sont considérées dans le cadre du développement historique des formes de ce type dans toutes les langues où elles apparaissent, de sorte qu’elles représentent un élément très important dans la linguistique balkanique et dans la géographie linguistique. Elles ont des sens différents et s’emploient tantôt comme substantifs, adjectifs ou verbes, tantôt comme patronymes ou toponymes. Quelques-uns de ces morphèmes, en partie communs à toutes les langues balkaniques, ont développé sur le territoire lingustique macédonien de nouvelles formes morphologiques et ont passé par une transformation phonétique considérable. Ces morphèmes représentent un grand intérêt scientifique non seulement du point de vue phonétique et morphologique, mais aussi du point de vue sémantique. Ces formes, en dehors de leur importance linguistique, présentent aussi un intérêt documentaire , précisément à cause de leur développement sémantique. En effet, il est en rapport étroit avec l’histoire de la civilisation et, plus spécialement, avec l’histoire économique des peuples qui ont adopté leurs formes et leurs sens successifs. Au cours de leur développement, long et complexe, les formes en question, comme les langues qui les ont adoptées, ont passé par différentes phases, ont subi des influences diverses, se sont multipliées morphologiquement quand elles ont rencontré des éléments semblables dans les autres langues, se sont développées sémantiquement dans le cadre social.

An “Unexocentric” Synthetic Account of cut-throat and chimney sweep: Evidence from Polish

Author(s): Joanna Kolbusz-Buda / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2019

In English, exocentric compounds, such as chimney sweep and cut-throat do not possess an overtly expressed suffix. Instead, they seem to be composed of a verb and an argument of that verb, e.g. dareVdevilN, shoeNblackV. Naturally, such an interpretation would immediately position the quoted examples among the representatives of root compounding.We are convinced that zero derivation plays a significant role in the formation of English synthetic compounds in the same way it is seen in Polish. We believe that the research material from Polish offers a substantial amount of evidence for the active participation of conversion in the process of synthetic compounding. This, in turn, accentuates the need to revisit the classification of such formations as spoilsport and chimney sweep, habitually classified as exocentric.This paper provides an ‘unexocentric’ synthetic account of N-V/V-N compound nouns in English. We believe that a root interpretation of shoeblack and daredevil types does not reflect their genuine structure, which, as we argue, rests on a combination of a nominal and verbal stems followed by a zero affix, being the locus of morphosyntactic features and the semantic referent.In our analysis, we draw on a revised version of LIH, i.e. Lieber and Scalise’s (2007) Firewall Theory, which belongs to the current of the so-called mixed models of word-formation advanced in the recent years by, for instance, Ackema and Neeleman (2004), Lieber and Scalise (2007), and Pafel (2017), allowing for a limited intermodular interaction between morphological and syntactic domains.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE LITERARY TEXT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GRAMMATICAL ANAPHORA

Author(s): Mioara Mocanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 10/2017

The present paper puts forward two analyzing models - hierarchical and cognitive ones - applied on two narrative segments of various extent in Novalis work (Hymn to the night and the novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen) to show up the fact that the anaphoric relation study makes upon of the main goals of the text grammar, of the textual cohesion and of the thematic progression.

An Approach to the Synoptic Gospels

Author(s): Ioan Beniamin Pop / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, and Luke, also known as the ‘synoptic gospels’, alongside the Gospel according to John, have been analysed in order to determine the frequency of adverbs exhibited throughout the four gospels. The study attempts to monitor the most frequent characteristics adverbs display and the manner in which these features reveal the cohesion of the text while reinforcing utterances and, at the same time, arranging actions and events or placing emphasis on the modified part of speech. Due to the highly integrated structure of the gospels, however, few involvement features specific to adverbs are expected to be found.

ANADISS

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Romania

The academic journal ANADISS is a biannual publication which comes out at Suceava University Press. On the initiative of the members of the "Discourse Analysis" Research Centre founded in 2005 within the Faculty of Letters and Communication Sciences from "Stefan cel Mare" University, Suceava, the articles and their abstracts are written in French, English, German, Spanish or Italian.

One of the fundamental components of the human existence's dimension is the linguistic one. Language defines the human presence as intensely as the human becoming stabilizes and affirms the language. In the contemporary world, this equilibrium is often fragile.

The present publication proposes the presentation of such contributions, which can sustain the aggrandizement and the establishment of the human-language relation. To this end, our journal's preoccupations gravitate around themes such as: political discourse, text and discursiveness, discourse and didacticism, inter-text - inter-discourse, discourse and society, linguistic imaginary and language dynamics, production and capture of specialty discourses, discursive perspectives and various cultural contexts, knowledge and discourse: discursive and non-discursive practices, inter-text and inter-speech, discourse and society, linguistic imaginary and language dynamics, discourse and identity. We illustrate through these the Saussurian principal according to which "la langue n'est faite qu'en vue du discours", without ignoring its materialization within the text.

Journal Policy: ANADISS is an international journal that accepts for publication reviewed original papers, short communications, reviews and conference proceedings on a broad range of topics of interest for Discourse Analysis, particularly, for Linguistics in general. There are no article processing charges (APC) or article submission charge.

Author's Ownership and Rights: The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retain publishing rights on their materials.

Open Access Policy: ANADISS Journal offers „open access” to published literature. ANADISS Journal assures has free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. ANADISS Journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Open access enables authors to reach a much broader audience, which has the potential to increase the impact of their research. The ANADISS issues are available online for free, without any charge to download or print each article.

Analele Universității ”Dunărea de Jos din Galați, Lexic comun / Lexic specializat

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Romania

Annals of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Fascicle XXIV General Lexicon / Specialized Lexicon is a refereed academic journal of humanities, focused on linguistics, language history, vocabulary and culture, language studies, philology, translation studies, communication studies, cultural history, cultural anthropology, terminology and didactics. The first issue of the journal was published in 2008 by the Faculty of Letters, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati. The journal also publishes the scientific papers which are communicated at the international conference Lexic comun / lexic specializat. General Lexicon / Specialized Lexicon. Lexique commun / Lexique spécialisé which has been hosted by the Faculty of Letters, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati ever since 2008. Even if we are a Romanian journal of linguistics, the editorial board has a wide perspective towards the lexical level of any language, the interest in the movement of ideas in the field of lexicology and lexicography, as well the in the international promotion of the Romanian contributions. For this purpose the paper publication languages should mainly be Romanian, English, French, but contributions in Spanish, German or Italian are also accepted.

ANALIZA GREŠAKA U JEZIČKOJ PRODUKCIJI ISPITANIKA U EKSPERIMENTALNOJ STUDIJI SLAGANJA PREDIKATA SA KOORDINIRANIM SUBJEKTOM U BOSANSKOM/HRVATSKOM/SRPSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Nedžad Leko / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 13/2015

In this paper we present the results of agreement experiments conducted at the University of Sarajevo as part of the EMSS project (Experimental Morphosyntax of South Slavic Languages). We conducted two experiments:oral and written. Our hypothesis was that the written experiment would better reflect native speaker intuitions about agreement forms of the predicate when the subject contains conjoined noun phrases. This was based on the assumption that participants in the oral experiment may be more prone to performance errors than those in the written experiment. The first experiment was a computer assisted oral experiment, in which participants were recorded.They were prompted to continue by the computer, which did not allow enough time for excessive thinking, or making corrections. The second (written) experiment contained the same material and distribution of material as the oral experiment. It was administered immediately after the oral experiment, and did not impose any time limits. The participants had more time to consider each example and correct themselves, if necessary. As a result, we assumed that the written experiment would leave less space for performance errors, and may better reflect native speaker intuitions about agreement forms. The experiments confirmed our initial hypothesis: there were considerably fewer performance errors in written than oral tests

Analiza grešaka u pisanom izražavanju - Negramatične rečenice u komunikaciji u jeziku L2 (studija slučaja)

Author(s): Bernes Aljukic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 8/2011

This case study analyzes written assignments by a student A. H., twenty one year-old Jordanian who was one of the nineteen students of Bosnian language course for foreigners. Considering that the written language shows specificities in relation to the use of spoken language, the most successful student has been chosen for detailed analyses of errors he made in graphics, phonetics, morphosyntax and semantics. The results are used as guidelines for future teachers and students of this or similar course. The three topics he wrote about supposed to show in what way Ahmad uses sentences in L2 language with the reference that Ahmad’s language ability is quite enough to express thoughts and feelings even in the “damaged” sentences, which leads us to Kauffman’s (2003) principle “focus of meaning” as a remarkably useful guideline for more complete and more substantial language learning. The study is split in two parts- theoretical (includes specificities of processing while learning second language and pointing the differences between communication ability and traditional teaching of second language) and the second part analyses Ahmad’s work in detail with the results and conclusion.

Analiza struktury morfologicznej nazwisk mie­szkańców dawnego powiatu brzezińskiego w województwie łódzkim

Author(s): Barbara Stanecka-Tyralska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/1981

The paper analyses family names in the former district of Brzeziny (284 villages, 3 towns: Brzeziny, Koluszki, Stryków); The study covered 94 200 names, giving 5515 name entries. The material covers mainly the 19th and the 20th centuries. The analysis of morphological structure of the names shows the percentage and number of individual formatives in their productivity (cf. Tab. 1). The author has pointed out their occurrence and regularity and their onomastic connections with Wielkopolska, Mazowsze and partly Małopolska. The analysis shows that the process of suffix derivation is dominant here, both in forma derived from proper nouns and from consaon nouns. Basic forms constitute 27% of all names (1494 names). The most common type of derived names is -ski. The formatives -ski, -cki and the expanded morpheme -in-//-yn-, -ew-//-ow-, -an make 1899 names i.e. 45.9* of derivatives. The derivations from apellative forms with the format¬ive -ski (and the expanded morphemes) have been dominant in towns: Brzeziny (47.3%), Koluszki (51.4%), Stryków (52.3%), Jeżów (55.16%), Będków (43.2%), Ujazd (46.7%). There are 1203 nones with the basic -k- in the suffix (i.e. 3o% of derived names). The derivatives with -ak, -ek, -lk//-yk, -сгук have been the most numerous in the study.

ANALIZË GJUHËSORE KRAHASUESE E NJË PËRRALLE ARBËRESHE NË DY VARIANTE DIALEKTORE

Author(s): Gianni Belluscio,Emilia Conforti / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 36/2017

The authors propose a comparative analysis of the Italo-Albanian tale "Jugalla and orku" recorded at San Benedetto Ullano in 1967 (original version), with a new variant of the same tale recorded in San Basile in 2017 using the same text. This article aims to emphasize the differences between the two tales and the two linguistic variations by different points of view (phonetic, morphology, syntax and lexicon).

ANALÜÜTILISED TULEVIKUTARINDId 17.–18. SAJANDI PÕHJAEESTI KIRJAKEELES

Author(s): Liina Pärismaa / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 64/2018

This article is part of a broader morphosyntactic study and deals with analytic saama ’get, become’, pidama ’must, have to’, tahtma ’want’ and võtma ’get’ constructions which express future tense in Old Written Estonian. This study also focuses on elucidation of the future forms used by the 17th century author Christoph Blume. The study is usage-based and relies on the framework of historical sociolinguistics. The material used in the study is comprised of 610 tagged examples from 17th and 18th century ecclesiastical and didactic texts, which are from the corpuses of Old Written Estonian and the Concordance of Estonian Bible Translations. It was found that the literary language reform influenced the more native and even use of future tense. Although abrupt changes in the expression of future tense occurred from the end of the 17th century, e.g. the usage proportion of the German-influenced saama future construction decreased considerably, although it never fully disappeared, early indications in that direction can also be seen in the middle of the 17th century in the texts of Blume.

ANLAM DEĞİŞMELERİ VE KULLANIM ALANLARI YÖNÜNDEN TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE TUZ

Author(s): Osman Esin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 31/2017

Salt is a vital substance in terms of human health and has quite a wide usage area. The word “salt” is used in the form of “salt” in general, although sometimes it can occur in different forms phonetically and morphologically in the historical and contemporary Turkish dialects. Salt, which is a flavoring substance and believed to play an active role in creation, has been considered a precious and holy substance and a rich sense of meaning has formed around it. Initially describing a single concept, the word has gradually gained new meanings and reflected multiple concepts due to the changes and people’s spiritual moods in the social life. Apart from its actual meaning, “salt” has also metaphorical meanings such as “beautiful, beauty, dear and charming”. Furthermore, the word has been included in manners of speaking such as idioms and proverbs and used to facilitate reflecting the lifestyles, worldviews, traditions, customs and beliefs in the Turkish society. There is no doubt that a language can survive and continue its existence only by finding counterparts for new concepts. New words are derived as a result of the need for them. The unique nature of each society’s lifestyle is a decisive factor in meeting this requirement. Expansion in the sense of the word “salt” also brought forward the necessity for new words. In this respect, many words derived from the stem “salt” were added to Turkish and the new concepts or objects that fall into the meaning of “salt” were represented by its derivatives. This article focuses on the changes in the meaning and usage of “salt” and aims to express the richness added by it to the lexicon of Turkish.

Anlam Değiştirme Aracı Olarak Olumsuzluk Eki –mA

Author(s): Erkan Hirik / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 44/2015

Negation is an area which has different aspects. Therefore, it has an interdisciplinary feature, related to philosophy, psychology and linguistics. In addition to this, negation has also different aspects in linguistics. Negation, which is related to morphology, semantics and syntax, is analysed in different ways by linguists. All of the languages has negation marker/s. The standard negation marker in Turkish is –mA. The question, under which suffix category should this suffix be analysed, is dealt with in different ways by linguists. In this article it is demonstrated how the standard negation marker –mA, which is added to another verb, transforms it. By this way, Semantic change methods of –mA are exposed. All these are indicated as evidences of why the negation suffix –mA should be considered as derivational suffixes.

Annotated corpus and the empirical evaluation of probability estimates of grammatical forms

Author(s): Nada Ševa,Aleksandar Kostic / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2003

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the usage of an annotated corpus in the field of experimental psycholinguistics. Specifically, we demonstrate how the manually annotated Corpus of Serbian Language (Kostić, Đ. 2001) can be used for probability estimates of grammatical forms, which allow the control of independent variables in psycholinguistic experiments. We address the issue of processing Serbian inflected forms within two subparadigms of feminine nouns. In regression analysis, almost all processing variability of inflected forms has been accounted for by the amount of information (i.e. bits) carried by the presented forms. In spite of the fact that probability distributions of inflected forms for the two paradigms differ, it was shown that the best prediction of processing variability is obtained by the probabilities derived from the predominant subparadigm which encompasses about 80% of feminine nouns. The relevance of annotated corpora in experimental psycholinguistics is discussed more in detail .

Anomalous use of definiteness and gender in some types of noun phrases in Bulgarian

Author(s): Valentin Gešev / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2016

The paper considers the anomalous use of definiteness and gender in Bulgarian noun phrases containing hypocoristic names, nicknames or sometimes even legal personal names. Proper names of people, being semantically definite, usually do not take the definite article in Bulgarian. But in the cases considered it is just the opposite – in informal conversation, in fiction or in ironic statements the use of a definite article is either obligatory or facultative depending on the formal and semantic features of the names. The factors to trigger the anomalous use described may be the female sex of the designee, the less typical ending of the noun, its being grammatically neuter or its inclusion in an attributive phrase. Thus the female legal personal names (e.g. Marija, Elena) may take a definite article on some special occasions (Marijata, Elenata) but male legal personal names (e.g. Boris) cannot. Male legal or hypocoristic names ending in -o (Stojko, Borko More...

Apelatywno-antroponimiczne struktury z sufiksem - ajlo

Author(s): Slawomir Gala / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 27/1993

Gegenstand des Aufsatzes sind appellative und anthroponimische Derivate mit dem Suffix -ajlo. Hier wird unser Wissen über die Genese des Suffixes sowie über die damit gebildeten Derivate ergänzt und erweitert. Im Zusammenhang mit den angeführten Stellungnahmen über die litauische, belorussische, ukrainische bzw. polnische Herkunft der genannten appellativen Strukturen spricht sich der Verf. für ihre heimische Provenienz aus, und zwar in Anlehnung an anthroponimische Strukturen. Das Vonhandensein dieses Suffixes in litauischen, ostslawischen und polnischen Formen erklärt sich auf Grund deren gemeinsamen indoeuropäischen Herkunft: das grundlegende -lo- ergab durch morphologische Erweiterung mit benachbarten Morphemen (Absorption) die Gestalt -ajlo.

APIE TERMINĄ POLIMORFINIS VIRUSAS

Author(s): Markas Paura / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2009

La terminologie des virus informatiques ne fait que ses premiers pas dans le lexique lituanien spécialisé. Le virus polymorphe en est un très bon exemple. Le manque des informations supplémentaires, définitions obscures ne rendent toujours pas la signification du terme plus claire. L’expérience des spécialistes d’autres pays pourrait bien aider à élaborer des termes lituaniens. Les termes virus bimorphique, oligomorphique et métamorphique sont de nouveaux termes à introduire dans le lituanien, toujours en considération des normes terminologiques requises. Vu l’interchangeabilité des termes et notions entre différents domaines scientifiques les termes nouvellement introduits ne se soumettent pas à la traduction en lituanien. Néanmoins, ils peuvent être utilisés, pourvu qu’ils soient acceptés par les spécialistes des termes informatiques et les responsables de la langue lituanienne.

Arap Dilinde Atif Harfleri - Vâv Harfi Özelinde Bir Çalişma

Author(s): Feti Ulugöl / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 35/2017

Recognizing the word's parts which's the sentence consists of and using the words in it's required and right places also forming a right and clear sentence and recognizing the meaning of the used sentence has a very big importance. In Arabic language although the independent letters don't have dependent meaning when it stands by itself but actually it has an important role in the sentence. Letters have many parts one of these parts is al atf letters. To know the letters in every sentence that we have came across and to know the elements of the sentence that connects the sentence's elements with each other also understanding it's accurate meanings. It's the most notable signs which tell us that the owner of this knowledge is well-known and skillful in this language. Waw al atf letter differs from the other atıf letters in it's special status and features. In this study after giving a general and brief informations about al atf letters we are going to try to give informations about waw letter which is the most used letter in al atf letters.

Archaic features of Bogdani’s language: overlappings with southern dialects

Author(s): Anila Omari / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2015

Albanologists have long noted a greater closeness between the two main dialects of Albanian, the Gheg and the Tosk, during an earlier stage of Albanian language. Gustav Meyer, questioning Hahn’s argument as being unsupported by facts, according to whom differences between the Gheg and Tosk dialects reflected an ancient division between the Illyrian and Epirotic languages, wrote: “In ogni caso la odierna differenza fra il gego e il tosco, la quale non è poi tanto grande, può derivare da una distinzione posteriore. Lo studio dell’albanese parlato in Grecia mi fa presentemente ritenere questa opinione come la piu plausibile.” Other scholars, such as Jokl and Tagliavini, later expressed that same position. After Gjon Buzuku’s Missal (1555) was discovered, various Arbëresh (i.e. Italo-Albanian) scholars offered remarks concerning similarities between the language of the earliest (known) Albanian author and that of the varieties of the Arbëresh of Italy.