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The culture of Georgian chant is variable and particular schools are different from each other. The vital schools are Gelati, Shemoqmedi (West Georgian chant traditions) and Karbelashvilebi (East Georgian chant traditions). The paper presents musical analysis of West Georgian chant traditions, using Gelati school as an example. Scores are taken from Georgian musical manuscripts from the 19th century, which are saved in National Centre of Manuscripts and were written by St. Pilimon the Chanter (Koridze) and St. Ekvtime the Confessor (Kereselidze). The article’s aim is to show how some of the Great Feasts in Georgia were celebrated. The first part contains the examination of some individual aspects of Georgian liturgical practice. The second part synthetises what is important in the process of researching Georgian chant. The analysis shows individuality of the chant material. Diversity and abundance of existing materials gives the opportunity to conduct further research on the topic.
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Market towns’ privileges and their system of self-government and administration were similar to the free royal cities. In the late 14th century, Miskolc doubled in size, besides the „Old Town“, the „New Town“ was first mentioned in 1376, with its own weekly fairs and administration, even with a separate parish. The parish church of the New Town, first mentioned in one of the Pope’s deeds in 1445, bore the name of the Holy Virgin Mary as its title. The fact that a cotters’ street or quarter came into being next to the church of the New Town indicates the independence of the New Town and its parish, similarly to the Old Town. The separation of the Old Town and the New Town was a medieval phenomenon, however the dual centres did not survive the Middle Ages, as Miskolc was burnt down by the Turkish troops in 1544. On the ruins of the former parish, a new baroque monastery of the Conventual Franciscans (Minorites) was built in 1720s, and a Minorite scribe made a small drawing in the protocol of the convent showing the outline of the medieval church.
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According to the charter issued by Andrew, Bishop of Eger, the Košice burghers were exempted from jurisdiction of Archdeacon of Abaujvár in 1290. Circumstances connected to its origin and then comparison with other charters containing similar privilege seem to be essential factors leading to better understanding of the source. Hereby a very detailed analysis of the text might say more to explain its meaning. Therefore, the cognoscible context of exemptions with the examination of circumstances leading to the issuance of the charter in 1290, along with consideration of the words written in the text, encourage the opinion that the burghers of Košice had been exempted from jurisdiction of Abaujvár´s Archdeacon even before. The Bishop´s charter seems to be only a confirmation of the right allowed earlier, which was a common phenomenon in the towns (or in the communities of guests) of the Hungarian Kingdom.
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The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964) was the third film made by an Italian intellectual Pier Paolo Pasolini. After many scandals and court trials which concerned seditious character of his earlier shortmovie La ricotta (making part of Ro.Go.Pa.G., 1963), he decided to dedicate his new film to the history of Christ, choosing the text of The Gospel According to St. Matthew, naming it the one which in the best way represents the human nature of Christ and his „being a man among men”. The film he made is an interesting work of art because of many reasons: it was filmed in the area of the South of Italy, it’s maintained in the neorealism aesthetics, and thanks to the actors who starred in the film (one of the Apostles was played by Giorgio Agamben, an Italian philosopher, Jesus was played by a Spanish student, a strong follower of communism and Mary was played by Pasolini’s own mother – Susanna). Nevertheless, The Gospel According to St. Matthew, among other Pasolini’s film, has the most complex and refined soundtrack list, because this time, the music is the element which plays the major role in the film, being the factor of the stylistic contamination he applied in his works. The story of Christ is portrayed by unusual music choices such as Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child by Odetta Williams, Gloria from the Kongo mass Missa Luba, Prokofiev’s Alexander Nevsky and others. Thus, it is important to have a closer look at the film’s music, and by decoding the intertextual figures such as quotations and allusions, try to understand its narrative symbolism and hidden, autobiographical motives created by Pasolini.
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This study presents a biography of one of the burgherois origin officials – Marek Walticher. He was a son of a merchant born in Pressburg. Marek Walticher came from vicinity of Pressburg Catholic patricians, mainly through his mother‘s family. Marek Walticher´s career had three periods. Initially he was employed in the Hungarian Chamber. Later he moved to the Mikuláš Esterhazy palatine barnyard, where he worked as his accountant and then he worked in important position of palatine office clerk. On the top of his career he worked as a main royal customs officer in Magyaróvár and he was appointed by monarch as a royal counselor. The study also presents detailed genealogical analysis of his family and social contacts of his wider kinship.
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The study deals with suburban churches and hospitals in medieval Košice. Author evaluates historiography published on this topic and presents results of detailed research of town books and tax registers. The aim of contribution consists of characterizing of the development, i.e. origins and cessation of the buildings, their approximate geographical location as well as the position in the church administration of Košice. The existence of three churches and two hospitals surrounding the walled town has been proved by the research. The main and also the oldest hospital with a church had patrocinium of the Holy Spirit. It laid in front of the Lower Gate on south. As the second one, the church of St. Ladislaus was erected in the northern suburb. The last such objects built here in the Middle Ages were leprosarium and church of St. Leonard on the west side. In addition to this, there was constructed one more church in the town´s cadaster, staying in the village of Košická Nová Ves.
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The history of Košice in the 16th century exemplifies a Micro History of the Reformation including all local particularities. The three persons from the church background in the town represent three characteristic types and three developmental phases of initial period of the Reformation in Košice. During this time the initiative shifted from clergy to the city council, which unprecedentedly extended his competence into theology and mainly liturgy. At the same time, contact with other towns in the region and also with Wittenberg was reinforced due to the correct interpretation of reformation teachings. At that time, the city council presented itself as a competent institution with the right and the duty to uphold the responsibility for religious issues also in theological meaning.
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Besides its main tasks – judiciary and executive, the town administration fulfilled a variety of functions ranging from economic production through defense and protection of its citizens, to the development of culture and education. This required oversight and stewardship by municipal dignitaries and extensive system of urban employees. The paper deals with the management of urban employees and town dignitaries responsible for major sectors of town economy, security, health care, culture and other areas of urban living. The author analyzes the position of urban employees and contracts made by town. Management of urban facilities belonged to the main duties of the elected members of the municipal court. Economic facilities (mills, granary), supervision of wine trade, linen weaving or patronage of hospitals represented the main areas of their functions. An important place among municipal employees belonged to servants in judiciary, diplomacy and urban defense. Specific field, financed by the town council, represented the area of art and culture, where painters, masons, organists and trumpeters were employed.
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The first contacts of the Anglican Church with the Eastern Orthodoxy date from the early 17th century and launch a process of rapprochement, which is well known in the international historiography. Over the centuries, until today it has a different intensity depending on the degree of theological negotiations and political situation. The study traces the impact of this process among the Bulgarian Orthodox community and among Bulgarian society, how Bulgarians form their perceptions of the Anglican Church and to what extent the subject goes out of theological dialogue and is publicly known and discussed, and hence politically exploited. The author traces the attitudes and positions which the representatives of the Anglican Church occupy regarding major events related to Bulgaria, and Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the 19th and early 20th century; how individual public officials try to see farther than purely theological dialogue and to use sporadically, albeit unsuccessfully, the benevolence of the Anglican Church to Eastern Orthodoxy in the context of the national tasks that need to be resolved. During the Second World War and the Cold War Anglican-Orthodox rapprochement becomes part of big politics and is influenced by Stalin‘s religious policy. Initially, Stalin relies on the Anglican Church for expansion of Orthodox influence in international organizations, but later he begins to consider it as a rival and opponent. Consequently, the dialogue is restored only after Stalin‘s death, but on the part of Orthodox churches of the socialist camp and particularly Bulgaria it will be subject to the religious policy of „opening“ led by communist parties, which aims to use the churches in the big propaganda war between Orient and Occident about the existing religious freedom behind the Iron Curtain.
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The study closely traces the fate of Church Slavonic monuments in the collections of the Basilian monasteries since the establishment of the Order of the Basilians in 1617 to the period of socialism. A full quantitative and thematic characterization of the manuscripts and books preserved until today is presented against the background of historical events. The author argues that the collections of the Basilian libraries are unique in character and represent a kind of synthesis between western and eastern traditions.
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HOLEC, ROMAN. ČLOVEK A PRÍRODA V „DLHOM“ 19. STOROČÍ; KIANIČKA, DANIEL HAAS (ED.). MUSEION. ZBORNÍK KREMNICKÉHO MÚZEA; BYSTRICKÝ, PETER. PES V MYTOLÓGII, NÁBOŽENSTVE A FOLKLÓRE STAROVEKU A STREDOVEKU; DASZEWSKA, MARZENA (ED.). KOSZYCKA MODERNA / KOŠICE MODERNISM; ĎUĎÁKOVÁ, MONIKA – POČÁTKO, MARTIN (EDS.). MIGRAČNÉ PROCESY V DEJINÁCH EURÓPY. KRÍZA ALEBO ÚSVIT CIVILIZÁCIE? STRETNUTIE MLADÝCH HISTORIKOV VI.
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The group of Arabic medieval authors critiqued and condemned the practices of Islam among the Berber tribes in North Africa. This article delves into the medieval debate surrounding Berber Islam, exploring key themes and interpretations of Arab-Berber relations and the unique aspects of intra-religious dynamics in the medieval Islamic West. Through a comparative analysis, it examines medieval Arabic perspectives on the origins of the Berbers, the nature of Berber Islam, accusations of heterodoxy, and the perceived absence of urban culture. The essay also explores Arab authors’ perspectives on Berber rule during the Almoravid (1054–1147) and Almohad (1121–1269) periods. By examining polemical examples, it sheds light on the intricate political landscape of the Maghreb. A detailed investigation into the characteristics of Berber Islam provides insights into the Arab approach to governance in the region, as well as the successes and shortcomings thereof. The consistent negative portrayal of Berbers in Arabic narratives underscores underlying issues within the medieval Islamic politico-religious framework.
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The monograph Serbia by Marko Nikolić, Vladimir Davidović, Darko Tanasković, and Mileta Radojević is part of the series International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Religion, published by Kluwer Law International in 2022. The international academic public is granted a comprehensive study oft he legal, political, and societal status of religion and religious communities in Serbia. The authors are or were eminent scholarsin the fields ofr eligion, law, and economy. Dr. Marko Nikolić is the Assistant Director of the Administration for Cooperation with Churches and Religious Communities of the Ministry of Justice. The late Dr. Mileta Radojević was the Director of the Office for Cooperation with Churches and Religious Communities of the Government ofthe Republic of Serbia in 2012–2014. Prof. Dr. Darko Tanasković is the most prominent Serbian oriental philologist, a former professor of the Faculty of Philology (University of Belgrade), the former ambassador to Turkey and Azerbaijan, the Holy See, the Knights of Malta, and the former permanent representative of the Republic of Serbia to UNESCO in Paris. The late Dr. Vladimir Davidović was a Serbian jurist and Assistant Minister of Justice in Serbia.
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