SEKULIARIZACIJA IR RELIGIJOS ATEITIS

Author(s): Aistė Bukevičiutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2007

The article analyses the problem of the definition of secularisation and its impact on our worldview. The influence of the processes of secularisation on the revival of religion is discussed. While proposing that the concept of secularisation is related to the definition of religion, the article tries to show that a definition of religion that is too broad can give rise to a situation in which ideologies are treated as religions. If we consider secularisation as one of the main features of religious dynamics, it is obvious that rather than being a one-way process leading to the vanishing of religion, it is one that encourages the rise of new religions or else the transformation of old ones.

DIEVO REFLEKSIJA M. HEIDEGGERIO FILOSOFIJOS SĄVOKOMIS XX AMŽIAUS PROTESTANTŲ TEOLOGIJOJE

Author(s): Mindaugas Briedis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 72/2007

The article explores fundamental shifts in protestant theology during the first half of the 20th century and reflects their philosophical premises deduced from philosophical hermeneutics, primarily from the philosophy of M. Heidegger. On the one hand, the methods and the content of philosophical hermeneutics respond to the issues posed by contemporary philosophy of religion. On the other hand, theology as a rational, critical discipline cannot ignore the polemic horizons explored by philosophical hermeneutics. One of such underlying polemic questions is the problem of theological language, which was “forgotten” simultaneously with the rise and development of the tradition of metaphysical theism. The thesis of the article, stating that there is no principle disagreement between philosophical hermeneutics and the objectives of contemporary theology, is based on a careful analysis of prominent protestant theologians (K. Barth, R. Bultmann, P. Tillich) of the period and supported by the interpretations of authoritative critics (J. Macquarrie, K. Lowith). While answering the question how, in the face of the new ontology (hermeneutics of finitude), theology is possible, the answer comes in the form of “the language of being” which rehabilitates traditional symbols retaining their transforming power and existential conceptuality. After stating that Dasein analytics presented by M. Heidegger provides new impulses for the theological discourse, it is also noted that we must take a closer look at the so-called “contemporary” theology and explore the critical revision of this very modern “theologization” of Heidegger, accomplished by postmodern theologians (J. L. Marion).

The Domostroy as an Educational Narrative in the Medieval and Modern Russian Pedagogical Paradigm

Author(s): Maria Tilk / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2014

The objective of this paper was to analyze the original texts of Domostroy, the 16th-century Russian set of household rules, to find its core value and obligation areas. The texts are analyzed from the point of view of the history of mentality, the experiences from structural functional analysis are also considered, and the general educational norms that helped to develop the idea of an archaic Russian perfect human being are emphasized. As a result, this study divides the texts of Domostroy into six core value and key obligation areas as the general education norms: (1) The Religious and Ethical Aspects; (2) The Reflection of the Ritual and Etiquette, (3) Emphasising Gender Roles; (4) The Family Model, (5) The Woman, (6) The Food Table as a Ritual and Etiquette. Although the results and the groupings of the texts are preliminary, they are important for the educators of cultural history, because the influences of the Domostroy in general education norms can still be found in the modern Russian society

DR. FAZAKAS SÁNDOR EGYETEMI PROFESSZOR LAUDÁCIÓJA A DÍSZDOKTORI CÍM ÁTADÁSA ALKALMÁBÓL

Author(s): Olga Lukács / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2017

Ha figyelembe vesszük, hogy a Babes-Bolyai Tudományegyetem által felállított normák alapján kik kaphatnak DHC címet, bizony a teológia területén nagyítóval kellene keresnünk a jelöltet. Teológiából Nobel-díj vagy újabb felfedezés, találmány?

Змей. Змеица. Ламя и хала. Сборник с фолклорни текстове. Съставителство и редакция: Вихра Баева (отг. ред.), Албена Георгиева, Валентина Ганева-Райчева, Доротея Добрева, Николай Вуков, Светла Петкова. София: Изток – Запад, 2016

Author(s): Stoyanka Boyadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Book review

Il pozzo della stella in Betlemme. Sulle tracce di un immaginario mediolatino

Author(s): Francesca Tasca / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2018

In medieval times, an idea emerged that the star of the Magi, a real physical body, had fallen into a well in Bethlehem near the place of the Nativity after carrying out its mission of leading and announcing the event, and that it would still be visible there under particular circumstances. The present article aims to examine how this story was born, how it spread, and how it influenced the Christian imagination. It does so in two ways: analyzing the oldest documented witness to the theme, included in the first chapter of the De Gloria Martyrum by Gregory of Tours (last quarter of the 6th century); and taking into consideration other types of sources, such as the (mainly Latin) Itineraria in the Holy Land and two hagiographic texts relating to the life of St. Willibald. The investigation thus brings to light possible cultural channels between the Medieval Latin West and the Middle Eastern world, emphasizing in particular a decisive chronological junction in correspondence with the events of Crusader times.

État de l’art des livres et objets sacrés ayant appartenu à saint Anthime d’Ivir

Author(s): Policarp Chițulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The life and work of saint hierarch and martyr Anthim the Iberian become gradually well-known as new testimonies bring forth further pieces of information or correct some approximate or erroneous ones. There are many known aspects concerning the typographical activity of this learned metropolitan of Wallachia. Less well known are the liturgical objects he donated to various holy places or the personal belongings of the great hierarch. Some of them have been mistakenly assigned, others have been recently discovered. This study presents an inventory of the most important cult objects and books, as well as the personal belongings which may be linked to the name of the saint hierarch and martyr, while advancing also some new hypotheses. An additional merit of this study is that of bringing to light a series of Anthimian testimonies kept in forgotten museums and libraries, inaccessible to the public.

Vernacular Psalters and the Early Rise of Linguistic Identities. International Conference June 27th-28th 2018, Museikon (Alba Iulia)

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The sociological MRI of a fetish.

Author(s): Cosmin Tudor Ciocan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

We have used the term 'fetish' in a broader sense and especially related to the functions that a 'fetish' has in society. We are talking either about the tags that any 'fetish' receives [as undesirable, unwanted, forbidden, and peculiar], or about the uncertainty of its social approval, about the coagulating role it plays on individuals with the same repulsive vision/orientation that were previously unidentifiable, or many other aspects under which a so-called fetish works socially. The object or action in question passes from individual preference to the group emblem and then determines its actions and ideas, internally as well as in social exchanges with other groups. This is done in a fetishistic way with everything that is 'new' emerging in society, either previously non-existent, or competitive with something already standardized, or - as in the case of many fetishes - forbidden and socially stigmatized. If the first category does not meet a social resistance and does not end up turning into a fetish, for the group and the society, the other two have all the advantages to do so. The odd - competitive and forbidden alternatives - becomes the fetish for the group that adopts it as its emblem because it later regulates all its actions, as well as for the Society, because it keeps around the group and its actions the atmosphere in the sphere of fetishism - equivocal, promiscuous, and detestable. But precisely these very fetishistic attributes are the same ones that determine society to fight against the group and its 'fetish', new and peculiar, that also help disparate individuals to identify with that fetus, to coagulate as a group borrowing precisely this infamous, shameless identity. Therefore, the question we try to find answers here is but legitimate: since and until when oddity is ‘odd’?

Bir Öğretim Materyali Olarak Medya Haberlerinin Din Eğitiminde Kullanılması

Author(s): Ahmet KOÇ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

Media news can be regarded as an important teaching material to be used in lessons in terms of being interesting, containing up-to-date information, reinforcing what has been learned in the course, and combining it with many methods and techniques. In addition, the fact that media news provides a more concrete learning, helps the subject in the lesson to be connected with real life and helps students to develop their empathy skills. Therefore, the use of media news in religious education can increase curiosity and interest in the lesson and enable students to actively participate in learning processes. This article, which focuses on how to benefit from media news in religious education, has been prepared to raise awareness about the use of media news for teachers who attend religious education classes, and thus to guide them in using media news in their lessons. In the study, the use of media news in religious education was first addressed in a conceptual framework, and then the extent to which media news was used in the textbooks of the religious education courses was investigated. Within the scope of the research, 42 books on Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge (RCMK) and Imam Hatip High School Vocational Lessons were examined and four examples were found as a result of this examination. It was observed that the media news used in the textbooks led the students to research, share and discuss. However, the fact that only four examples could be found in 42 textbooks reveals that media news are not used sufficiently in religious education, and teachers are not provided with sufficient material on the use of media news in teaching processes. In the third part of the study, the issues to be considered in the use of media news in religious education are examined in three groups as before, during and after the lesson. According to this media news can be evaluated as lecture, interpretation, concept definition, question-answer and application of discussion techniques during the lesson. Discussion, scientific research and case study methods are methods that can be used effectively in media news activities. In the last part of the study, six activity examples are given for the use of media news in religious education classes. These activities are the activities of the lessons of RCMK (4-7th grade), The Life of the Prophet (7th grade), Basic Religious Knowledge (9th grade), Fiqh (10th grade) and Islamic Culture and Civilization (12th grade). These exemplary activities, prepared at five different lessons and five different class levels, reveal that media news can be used quite effectively in religious education, and all media news from sports to economy, from health to daily life can be associated with the course subjects. In the context of the results of this research, it is suggested that the course books should be updated and media news should be included more. Through a platform to be established by the General Directorate of Religious Education, news in the media can be archived and a guide can be prepared on what subjects and how these news can be used. Additional research can be conducted with focus on a single lecture or a single media tool. In addition, quantitative and qualitative studies can be conducted to asses the contribution of the use of media news in religious education classes to students’ learning.

Bir İşkâl Çözüm Yöntemi Olarak Neshin Aidiyet

Author(s): Muhammed İsa Yüksek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2021

Mushkil al-Qur’ān is a science of the Qur’ān in which the verses that are considered contradictory at first glance and what ways/methods are used in reconciling them. From the point of view of a commentator or even a believer, the ishkal (contradiction) cannot be attributed to the Qur’ān proper, and the supposed contradictions between verses do not appear in the Qur’ān but the mind of the subject. Therefore, in this science, it can be seen that both the recognition of contradictions and the elimination of contradictions are related to the interpretive context of the tafsīr methodology. This science has emerged on a dynamic ground and has a characteristic feature that determines the interpreter’s ability to interpret. The aspect of the Mushkil al-Qur’ān that distinguishes it from other Qurʾānic Sciences relates to the practical dimension of the tafsīr rather than general determinations and statistical information about the Qur’ān. For this reason, the scope of the Mushkil al-Qur’ān may change depending on the time, culture, perspective of the commentator, knowledge, and school preferences. The fact that disciplines define the concept of mushkil in different ways, and the change in the scope of the subject in the independent works written in the early period and the Qurʾānic Sciences literature written after al-Zarkashī requires a terminological-chronological-methodological analysis of the nature and content of the Mushkil al-Qur’ān scholarship. With its pre-Zarkashī structure, Mushkil al-Qur’ān science differs from its structure that emerged in the later period, both in terms of its target audience and its content. If we look at the works of names such as Ibn Qutaybah, it becomes clear that this science is mandated to cater to the religionless. However, especially with the scope and methods in which it has been dealt with in the recent period, the Mushkil al-Qur’ān is based on the internal dynamics of the shari'a sciences. Therefore, it can be said that al-Zarkashī defined the science of Mushkil alQur’ān, which had a comprehensive content in the early period, with a different name and a narrowing of its content as a field fed by the internal dynamics of the tafsīr, and that this science acquired a unified form after al-Suyūṭī. This process brought about some changes in the subject matter and content of the science of the Mushkil al-Qur'ān. For the Mushkil al-Qur’ān, which in the early days had the purpose of answering the doubts and objections of the deniers of the Qur’ān, developed after al-Zarkashī into a field mainly concerned with removing the difficulties of understanding. Within this framework, the methods and classifications presented in this science with the structure defined by al-Zarkashī are the products of the effort to make sense of the Word of God. The systematization of this effort to make sense under the umbrella of shāri‘ sciences in a terminological and theoretical framework opens the science of Mushkil al-Qur'ān to the fields of kalam and fiqh/method. In the works written on Mushkil al-Qur’ān and in the literature on fiqh, the reasons for the contradictions between the verses and the ways to eliminate them are given. What these ways depend on the context in which the contradiction is dealt with. Those who treat the contradiction in a way that includes the ambiguities in the words while eliminating these ambiguities resort to other pieces of evidence such as narratives, style of expression/context, truth metaphor, reason, analogy, and custom. In case of an apparent contradiction, methods like cem‘ (gathering), preference, naskh, renunciation are used. Despite the differences in the school’s preferences as to which of these methods was used first in the classical period, there is almost a consensus as to the ways followed in eliminating contradictions between verses. In the modern period, some scholars claim that one of these methods, abrogation, is directly related to the Mushkil alQur’ān, and they explain that naskh is applied when the contradictions between the verses cannot be interpreted. This assertion, made in modern times, that naskh is a method that scholars resort to when they cannot remove the impression of contradictions between verses, is closely related to the definition, essence, and content of the Mushkil al-Qur’ān. In this context, it is crucial where the ways/methods used to follow the nature-content pendulum while eliminating the counterparts of the terms and the impressions of contradiction. This is because the acceptance of naskh as a contradiction solution stems from the fact that it is one of the ways to prove that there is no contradiction in the Qur’ān from the perspective of fiqh, and naskh means that two contradictory provisions were valid at different times. The contradiction arises when it is claimed that these two provisions are valid at the same time.

Augustin – al doilea Atanasie

Author(s): Fabian Doboş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 67/2021

The current article highlights the resemblance between the great Holy Fathers of the Church: St. Athanasius and St. Augustine. In the middle 4th century, when St. Augustine was born, Christians were already divided into two main parties: those agreeing with the faith profession of Nicaea (325) and those who were against. The pro-Nicaean party was lead with maximum tenacity for almost half of a century by St. Athanasius. Even if the whole world seemed to be touched by Arianism, Athanasius stood steady on his decision to defend the creed expressed by the Ecumenical Council of Nicaea. Shortly after the decease of this great defender of the faith in Alexandria, the converted Augustine receives the baptism on Easter night in 387, through the hands of the famous Bishop of Milano, St. Ambrosius. After that, Augustine joined with full strength in mind and spirit, the fight against the heretics, taking the lead of the party faithful to the Nicaea-Constantinopolitan creed. These two great saints left their spiritual mark on Christian Antiquity, because, while presenting the Christian Doctrine to the pagans, they were also correcting the heretics, and strengthening the faithful Christians in living fully agreeing to the Nicaea-Constantinopolitan creed.

Cercetări arheologice la Biserica Sfânta Cuvioasă Parascheva din Maieru

Author(s): Radu Iustinian Zăgreanu,Adriana Sofia Stancu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34-35/2021

Following the rescue excavation carried out in the area of the Romanian Orthodox Church dedicated to Saint Parascheva, Maieru locality, Maieru commune, Bistrița-Năsăud county with LMI (List of Historical Monuments) Code: BN-II-m-A-01673, a number of archaeological complexes have been identified. We mention here, the footprints of three modern-day burial graves, oriented east-west, at a depth of 1 m, which based on the footprint of their size were adults. The pottery is fragmentary, typical of the modern era, but there are also fragments of contemporary pottery, but all the fragments are from water-carrying vessels, probably used in the liturgical rite. Very interesting are the two fragments of tombstone, one in Romanian with Cyrillic letters, the inscription attesting to a local character a certain Niculae, probably a deceased buried in that place. The monuments are simple stone slabs with a primitive sculpture that must have come from the cemetery that existed in the area when the church was built, which makes us date them presumably in the eighteenth or early nineteenth century. What is certain is that we have only one construction phase, the craftsmen involved having certain difficulties, especially on the north side, where due to the proximity of the edge of the hillside they had to dig deeper foundations on this side and resort to a series of alterations in certain points. Most likely, the intervention of the master mason Krauss from Bistrita is what regulates the construction of the church, which is visible in the area of the tower and the apse, made neatly and symmetrically.

Parafie online w Polsce w dobie pandemii COVID-19. Studium przypadku

Author(s): Józef Kloch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2021

After the initial shock caused by the sanitary restrictions during the pandemic, parish communities quite quickly found their way into the digital pastoral realm. The creativity of the lay faithful and the clergy in this regard was extremely high. Sixteen categories of church-based online activities during the COVID-19 period can be identified: charity (including crowdfunding), theological research activities, evangelisation, funding (for missionary works, parishes, and other entities), information (news), catechesis/religion (school activities), culture, prayer, Masses and religious services, periodic pastoral meetings, pilgrimages, Holy Scripture, preparation for the sacraments, retreats, volunteering (including online management of real volunteering), and online management of Church entities. There were not many pastoral and liturgical guidelines from the Holy See or the Polish Bishops’ Conference during the pandemic. However, the teaching of the popes or the Pontifical Council for Social Media on the Church’s digital presence has been so abundant that the importance of the role that the Internet could and did play within the Church during the successive lockdowns cannot be doubted

Kultura cyfrowa jako kontekst współczesnej katechezy

Author(s): Radosław Mazur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2021

Digital culture, as a common phenomenon closely related to the everyday life of children, adolescents, and adults, has an impact on the upbringing of the younger generations, including education to mature faith. Thus, it becomes a catechetical challenge. The influence of digital culture on catechesis is mentioned in both the new Directory on catechesis and the latest papal documents. Digitalism appears as a new kind of culture that changes language, shapes a new mentality, or changes the hierarchy of values (see DK 359). This article undertakes the task of characterising digital culture, as well as considering its impact on the area of education and formation of a young person. This article highlights the positive impacts, especially those related to overcoming barriers related to distance or the inability to speak freely, as well as the threats and dangers it brings, which are primarily the result of objectifying relationships and prioritising participation in the virtual world over creative presence in the real world. An important feature of the described phenomenon is a certain kind of ambivalence, which consists of a simultaneous positive and negative impact in many areas, indicating the need for appropriate media education enabling a critical and reasonable use of the benefits and avoiding dead-ends. The last part of this article also identifies some practical challenges for teaching religion at school and parish catechesis resulting from the universality of digital culture and its possibilities for methodology and didactics, as well as indications concerning the application of cyber-means for catechetical activities.

La questione dei divorziati alla luce dell’ecologia integrale di papa Francesco

Author(s): Paweł Sambor Ofm / Language(s): Italian Issue: 37/2021

Pope Francis’ theme of integral ecology offers a broader look at the issue of divorce, which not only allows us to move away from an overly “moralising” discourse that fails to see the suffering of people living in “irregular” situations but also to insert the pastoral care of the divorced into the broader context of the Church’s responsibility for creation. First, Pope Francis emphasises the interdependence of the elements that make up the human environment. Since “everything is linked,” social phenomena, including separation or divorce, cannot be considered in isolation. In this article, we propose to rethink the question of separation and divorce from a broader perspective, both in terms of its causes and its consequences. Since “everything is linked,” the culture of profit harms not only the natural environment in which human persons live but also the human environment of relationships. Therefore, when dealing with the causes of a break-up (of a marriage), we must not lose sight of the factors that can weaken emotional relationships (even indirectly), including, for example, the precariousness of employment and the role of mass media in creating a consumerist and therefore more selfish mentality. This article also asks whether the condition of the divorced is not one of the forms or an expression of “disposable culture,” which can be translated into a real material impoverishment through family, community, or social marginalisation. Finally, the re-reading of the question of people living in an “irregular” situation, in the light of integral ecology, highlights not only the importance of the pastoral care of the divorced but also its “reintegrating” function.

Dekret o wolności sumienia i wyznania z 5 sierpnia 1949 roku jako przykład szykanowania duchowieństwa Kościoła gorzowskiego w latach 1949–1969. Zarys problematyki

Author(s): Dariusz Śmierzchalski -Wachocz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2021

The release of the decree on the freedom of conscience and faith from 5 August 1949 was the consequence of the struggle between the communist government in Poland and the Catholic Church. A decree – in the hands of the officials of the time – was a tool used primarily to repress the faithful and the clergy. Extensive actions on the side of the communist authorities aimed to transform the country, with its deeply rooted Catholic traditions, into a lay state like the USSR. The decree announced on 5 August 1949 was in force until 1989, and, in 1969, its records were typed into Art. 192–198 of the Penal Code. From 1949 to 1956, violations of its rules were subject to draconian sanctions, although these were eased over time. This article presents the genesis of the decree and its reception in the Gorzów Church area, whose jurisdiction in the years 1945–1972 covered one-seventh of the area of post-war Poland. The author focused on analysing cases of repression of the Catholic clergy working in the Gorzów Church in the name of respecting the rules of the decree from 1949.

ON BĂNCILĂ'S SACRALITY OF HOLIDAY. TOWARDS A SOCIOLOGY OF REVIVAL

Author(s): Radu Baltasiu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Băncilă’s writings belong to that category of thinkers whose almost each paragraph is a reality-building. The Romanian author is one of the most brilliant thinkers of totality. His writings are seemingly fully recovered since Dora Mezdrea edited his integral Works (“Opere”), published by the Brăila Museum, Istros PH and the Romanian Museum of Literature, during the 2000s. Their social dispersion is, of course, scarce, since the society is undergoing a barbarization process. Present-day society has a special relationship with time. Everything must be new and cut short to get attention, that is, to be shallow subjective-personal. Do holidays still have a place in such a world? In fact what are holidays? And what is their social function? Are there any other important ramifications? Băncilă’s thesis is ethnicity, religion and holidays are the trinity of the societal infrastructure. Băncilă’s oeuvre considers the Holiday to be in relation with other. categories: the Peasant, the Classical Rationale, and the Crisis. The Holiday’s reservoir is the village, and its vectors are the peasant on the one hand, and the Classical Rationale on the other. The result of the weakening of these two is the Crisis. The Crisis of the Modern World is a well-documented concern of both the Romanian and European intellectuals in the 20th century. From Huxley’s “Brave New World” (1932) to Ernest Bernea’s book with the same title in the 70s and beyond. Another level of analysis is the holiday’s function in sociology. Băncilă’s demarche is a serious incentive to rethink subjectivity, to consider its collective dimension definitory for “the objective”.

Sekty i alternatywne ruchy religijne. Stan wiedzy – próba systematyzacji

Author(s): Ireneusz Kamiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2021

The text provides some basic information about sects (new religious movements). It presents the etymology of this term, then focuses on substitute terms. Also further attempts to grasp the definition of this phenomenon are described, the relations between sects and religion and between sects and Church are analyzed, and several classifications of sects are presented. The author highlights the main difficulties accompanying research in sects and alternative religious movements. Finally, the question follows if it is likely that a new scientific field of sectology/sect studies can emerge.

Fetvâhânenin Son Yıllarındaki Fetvâ Faaliyeti ve Müftâ-bih Olan Görüşün Devlet Başkanı İrâdesiyle Değişimi - 378 Numaralı Fetvâḫâne-i ʿÂlî Ecvibe-i Şerʿiyye Defteri Çerçevesinde-

Author(s): Emine Arslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2021

The Fatwā-house, which was within the body of Meshihat in the Ottoman Empire, gave answers to the questions posed to it by focusing on the Hanafi sect and the preferred fatwās of this sect for centuries. These questions and answers were also duly recorded. In this study, based on The Record for the Legal Responses of the Supreme Fatwā Office, which is registered at records numbered 378 in the Meshihat Archive of the Istanbul Mufti, one of the records containing the answers given by the institution. It is an attempt to create an imagination about the scope and sphere of influence of the fatwā activity in the last period of the Ottoman Empire. Accordingly, in the last thirteen years of the state, Fatwā-house has been the addressee of questions from individuals, state and private institution directors, societies, ministries and the Grand Vizier. While some of these questions came from the provinces within the Ottoman borders or from the countries that had an administrative ties with the Ottoman Empire, some of them were submitted to the Fatwā-house by the Muslims of other states from the lost lands or simply because the caliphate center was the official fatwā organ. At the records, there is also a record of the questions coming from muslims who are Ottoman citizens but residing in other countries. Looking at the subjects, it was determined that most of the questions were asked about foundations. In addition, the permissibility of obtaining interest by bank facility or depositing money in the bank, the establishment of modern schools and whether the ways to create resources for these schools are permissible, whether teaching in Latin letters is possible, the provision of life insurance, the importance of cleanliness in the fight against cholera, the fight against innovations (bidʻas) in mosques. It is seen that questions on different issues, from issues such as whether the wife of the lost (mafqud) can be separated by the judge or not; to the issues of whether the fulfillment of judgment can be regarded as the end of the judgment or not. As it is mentioned in some fatwā records at the record book, it is obligatory to decide on fatwā and its fulfillment in the Ottoman Empire with the most authentic and preferred view of the Hanafi sect. The last two fatwā questions mentioned above are handled as examples of giving up the act with the will of the head of state, with the preferred fatwâs discussed in this article. It is only possible with the will of the head of state to make a decision with an opinion other than preferred fatwâ or an other opinion out of the sect. According to the first example, some of those of the citizens of other states outside the Ottoman Empire came to the Ottoman lands for reasons like trade etc. and married to Muslim women there and then left them suffering. This was also true for the wives of men who went to wars and did not return. Although the drawbacks of the Hanafi sect's preferred view, that one should wait until the age of ninety, one hundred, one hundred and twenty, or until the death of their peers, were resolved by appointing a regent from other sects, continuity could not be ensured in this practice either, finding people has not always been possible. For this reason, in the time of Shaykh al-Islam Hayri Efendi, a statement of change was prepared and submitted to the will of the sultan. In the issue of whether the signature of the head of state can be counted as the end of the judgment, another subject in which the will of the head of state is applied, the stages of abandoning the preferred view can be followed much more clearly. In the case of the dismissal of the judge or the expiration of the term of office before the execution of the judgment, especially in the distant provinces of the state, in the case of the judge's dismissal or the expiration of his term, according to the preferred view of the sect, which was based on juristic discretion, the closure of the cases took many years. It is seen that the judgment reached by analogy was submitted to the will of the sultan, with an article added to the script regarding the prepared procedure of reasoning, although there is no preferred view since it is the most suitable opinion for the interests of the people and the necessities of the century due to the increase in complaints. Effective from the time it was approved by the head of state, the execution of the sentence is no longer a requirement for the trial to be completed. The changes in the provisions of these matters also show that, although it was important for the Ottoman State to comply with the preferred view of the Hanafi sect - as in the previous Shaykh al-Islams' fatwās in the form of ma'ruzat - it was considered more necessary to look after the interests of the Muslims and different opinions were enacted and put into practice.