Noi interpretări privind evoluția organizării bisericești pe teritoriul provinciei romane Scythia în secolul al VI-lea p.Chr.

Author(s): Ionuţ Holubeanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 53/2020

The subject of this paper is the evolution of the ecclesiastical organization in the Roman province of Scythia during the 6th century. Examinating the documentary and archaeological evidence together, the author assumed that Scythia ceased to be an exception in terms of ecclesiastical organization (i.e. an only see – that of Tomis – for the whole province) during the first part of Justinian I's reign (527-565), most likely in 536,when at least 14 ordinary bishoprics were organized in its main cities. Other new ecclesiastical sees were organized in the province during the second half of the 6th century, as it happened in the neighboring Roman province of Moesia Secunda.

Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego „W służbie życiu i miłości”, Kraków, 28 października 2021 roku

Author(s): Leszek Poleszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

Report from the scientific symposium In the service of life and love, Krakow, October 28th, 2021

Badania nad konwersją: nowe trendy, metody, wyzwania

Author(s): Agnieszka Jagodzińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 46/2020

This review article addresses the recent popularity of studies on Jewish conversion. In particular, it examines the volume Bastards and Believers: Jewish Converts and Conversion from the Bible to the Present edited by Theodor Dunkelgrün and PawełMaciejko (Philadelphia, 2020). The author of the article suggests looking at this volume as at a representative example of recent trends, themes, methods, and challenges present in studying Jewish conversion.

Bernard z Clairvaux, Tomasz z Akwinu i uświęcenie Najświętszej Maryi Panny

Author(s): Bogusław Kochaniewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2021

The article entitled Bernard of Clairvaux, Thomas Aquinas and the sanctification of the Blessed Virgin Mary is devoted to the controversy surrounding the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which was revealed in Letter 174 written to the Canons of Lyon by the Cistercian Abbot. The arguments formulated in it were adopted by St. Thomas Aquinas and used in the theological debate, thus influencing the shaping of the position regarding the sanctification of Mary at the beginning of her earthly life. This contribution highlights the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux on Aquinas’ position on the sanctification of the Virgin Mary, which until now has seemed to be overlooked in the literature.

Czy eutanazja to „dobra śmierć”? Orędzie listu Samaritanus bonus w świetle doświadczeń doktor Elizabeth Kübler-Ross

Author(s): Piotr Skiba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2021

An issue that constantly raises questions and doubts is death and the process of the person’s dying preceding it. Everyone wants to die “well”, that is, happily, calmly and with dignity. This human desire was expressed by the ancient Greek term “euthanasia”. In today’s times of dehumanization and technicization of good and dignified medicine, death is understood differently. Above the principle of the sanctity of life, what counts is its quality and the freedom to decide about it. Faced with these challenges, the Church reminds in the published letter Samaritanus bonus that contemporary moral problems related to the end of human life must be looked at in the spirit of the Gospel, in terms of personalism and traditional Hippocratic ethics, emphasizing and protecting the value of every human person. An example of a Samaritan service to the dying is Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. Her experience shows that today it is necessary to return to the original understanding of the concept of “euthanasia” that can be achieved through palliative care, for “mercy killing”, in which showing mercy involves deliberately killing patients, does not solve the problem of “good” dying.

Polityka religijna cesarzy Pawła I i Aleksandra I w sprawie Kościoła grecko-unickiego w południowo-zachodnim terytorium Imperium Rosyjskiego

Author(s): Viktoria Bilyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2021

The article analyzes the religious policy of the Russian emperors Paul I and Alexander I regarding the Greco-Uniate Church in Volyn, Kyiv and Podil provinces. It was clarified that during the reign of these emperors, the pressure on the Uniates was eased, and it helped to restore the Greco-Uniate parishes and increase the number of parishioners of this Church. Also shown the government measures aimed at removing the Greek-Uniate Church from the influence of the Roman Catholic Church.

Ambony protestanckie w gotyckich kościołach w Osiekach i Suchej Koszalińskiej

Author(s): Henryk Romanik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2021

Pomeranian churches combine elements of the medieval Gothic tradition and furnishings from the Lutheran Reformation era. Such examples can be found in two temples, the history of which dates back to the times of the mission of religious orders in the Koszalin region. The original relics of the original furnishings are very rare, but relatively many elements of Protestant sacred art have been preserved. Two pulpits located on the new tourist route between Darlowo (Darłowo) and Sianow (Sianów) attract particular attention. The pulpit in Osieki belongs to the family of late-Renaissance pulpits (c. 1660) with an architectural structure with figural and sometimes painted decorations. An interesting fact here is the inscriptions of the chronostychonic co¬nvention, which encode chronological information in the writing of letters as Roman numerals. Unfortunately, during the last conservation works, the information from the parish chronicle published before World War II was not used. Documented biblical sentences originally placed under the parapet and in the panels under the statues of the apostles have not been recreated. The rococo pulpit (1729) in Sucha Koszalinska (Sucha Koszalińska) is even more rooted in the scriptural tradition. Here, the decoration of the canopy and the pulpit’s basket are a dozen medallions with biblical quotations, which fully express the ideological program rooted in the prophetic and apostolic books. The only figure is the image of Christ the Savior of the World, and on the top of the canopy we have the image of the Holy Spirit’s dove. Both pulpits deserve the attention of art and liturgical historians, and after the necessary conservation works, they can become a tourist attraction of the coastal microregion.

Obraz Stolicy Apostolskiej i papieży na łamach Głosu Pomorza i Głosu Koszalińskiego w latach 1972–1989

Author(s): Andrzej Rybak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2021

The press, as a medium of mass communication of news and specific ideological and educational content, was to raise the level of social awareness of the population, its culture and knowledge, including religion and the Catholic Church, in the spirit of the prevailing ideology. The image of the Holy See and the popes from 1972–1989 emerging from the texts under discussion shows these entities as political institutions. At that time, words were selected, quoted and even paraphrased in press articles from the public appearances of popes and representatives of the Roman Curia so that they were consistent with the views of the Polish United Workers’ Party or served its propaganda. At the level of the highest hierarchy in particular, allies were perceived, and attempts were also made to present them in this way. An analysis of the texts devoted to the Church showed that the Church was treated as too serious and independent a force to openly criticize it. Therefore, especially in the 1980s, the perspective of dialogue with the Church was adopted. In criticism, the Church was sometimes presented in opposition to the communist state, and this concerned, inter alia, hierarchy of values, social rights, references to countries with other political systems.

Z wizytą w Muzeum II Wojny Światowej

Author(s): Jarosław Wąsowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2021

Unități Polilexicale Stabile Generale și Echivalentele Lor. Originea Biblică.

Author(s): Angela Savin-Zgardan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2020

Phraseology as well as the lexis is constantly evolving, so its object of study must be viewed both synchronously and diachronically. For this reason, in the present article, we propose to analyze the stable polilexical units (SPUs) from the point of view of the extralinguistic causes that motivate the emergence of the stable polilexical units in the Romanian language (Primary stage). Linguists suggest different ways of classifying them. We consider that it does not matter whether the SPUs are borrowed, calqued or have entered the language in a cultured way. All these SPUs are of foreign origin and for this reason must be considered common for a large number of languages. In this study, we will address phraseological units and set expressions that have a biblical origin. These stable polilexical formations entered the language when there was the need to name the given reality. However, the motivation of their use is determined by the degree of culture and the familiarity with fiction of the person concerned. Below we propose the general approach to SPUs of biblical origin with their equivalents in French, Russian and Bulgarian.

Strategia națională de educație parentală 2018-2025. Implicații juridice, pedagogice, ideologice și etice

Author(s): Vasile Crețu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5-8/2021

The family and its educational roles are the subject of the latest psychological, sociological and pedagogical studies, which analyze modern educational concepts such as parenting and home schooling. The knowledge, skills and abilities of parents manifested in the activity of education and upbringing of children, as well as in over coming the critical situations that occur in this process are called parental competences. This quality, in the conception of modern specialists, becomes educable by talking more and more frequently about the ability to become better parents and about the innovations that support the formation approach within the family. All these principles are known under the name of parental education. The Romanian educational space analyzed the difficult situation in which the Romanian family finds itself and the difficulty with which it carries out educational activities, and developed a plan based on education called National strategy of parental education 2018-2025. However, the parenting strategy is proving to be a new way of developing the postmodern principles of the European agenda.

Structuri metaforice implicând substantive deverbale, reperabile în textele-acatist

Author(s): Ecaterina Braguta / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 3/2021

Orthodox hymnography comprises a wide variety of musical-poetic structures. Among them, the akathist stands out both in terms of size and aesthetic features or in terms of frequency of use in the practice of prayer. From the point of view of linguistic interest, we notice the abundance of deverbal nouns in the structure of the akathists, present at all levels of text structure. The multifunctionality of the deverbal nouns within this type of text also includes the aesthetic dimension of the hymn. In the current article we will focus on the dominant metaphorical structures, formed on the basis of deverbal nouns, which highlight fundamental concepts of Christianity.

LES RELATIONS ENTRE L’ÉGLISE ORTHODOXE ET L’ÉGLISE GRÉCO-CATHOLIQUE EN ROUMANIE - UN APERÇU DE LA PÉRIODE COMMUNISTE ET POST-COMMUNISTE.

Author(s): Florin Toader Tomoioagă / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2021

Les relations entre l’Église orthodoxe et l’Église gréco-catholique en Roumanie - un aperçu de la période communiste et post-communiste. L’étude présente se concentre sur les relations entre l’Église orthodoxe et l’Église gréco-catholique en Roumanie, en particulier pendant le temps de communisme et après sa chute. Nous utilisons la méthode historique et abordons cette période du point de vue des tensions historiques, des moments d’aliénation mais aussi de ceux de rapprochement entre les deux Églises. L’étude décrit les principaux points de cette relation, les efforts de chaque Église pour préserver son identité en période de pression politique énorme, à une époque où l’État communiste tentait d’anéantir l’Église gréco-catholique et d’instrumentaliser l’Église orthodoxe selon la propagande et ses intérêts. On y analyse également il décrit brièvement la relative ouverture réciproque des deux Églises sœurs survenue après 1989, malgré les tensions existantes et l’interruption brutale de ce processus de rapprochement en 2008. L’apport de cette étude est la proposition de quelques étapes concrètes absolument nécessaires dans le processus de guérison de la mémoire, qui devrait impliquer les deux Églises.

Den Enkelte as Socio-Political in Kierkegaard Texts

Author(s): Abrahim H. Khan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This study examines whether there is lexical evidence in Kierkegaard’s writings to support the view that den Enkelte is far removed from a conceptual mistaking of his thought as individualistic, in that it leads to a withdrawal from the social and political milieu to becoming a lonely rebel. It considers six selected texts from the Kierkegaard Corpus, for its linguistic and literary approach that employs computer applications to establish a conceptual-linguistic map of den Enkelte. Interpreting numerical data and analysing the map, the study offers an answer to the research question as to whether there is lexical evidence and considers the implication of the evidence for understanding related questions in Kierkegaard studies. In brief, it identifies 12 terms and provides another perspective from which to augment our grasp of a concept that Kierkegaard considers to be principal in Christianity as “existence-communication”.

«Эмотивные ключи» в творениях Свт. Кирилла Туровского

Author(s): Lyubov Levshun / Language(s): Russian Issue: 13/2021

The author shows how emotive means when falling into the sphere of Christian iconology, are transformed into tools for the spiritual change of a person. One such tool is represented by emotive keys. In the prayers of St Kirill Turovsky they are represented by such varieties as “liturgical emotive keys” – fragments of liturgical sequences (direct quotations, individual reminiscences and/or allusions, centons from reminiscences, allusions, paraphrases, etc.) and “emotive toposes” – images specific to the Pax Christiana culture, easily recognizable by its adherents (hyperbolized self-abasement, different types of metaphors).

Kontrowersje wokół armeńskiej ustawy o wolności sumienia i organizacjach religijnych

Author(s): Renata Król-Mazur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2021

The article discusses the basic legal act on the right to religious freedom The Law of the Republic of Armenia on the Freedom of Conscience and on Religious Organizations, which was enacted in Armenia in the early 1990s and which, in a slightly modified version, is still in force today. In Armenia, the close link between ethnicity and religious affiliation (Armenian Apostolic Church) makes it difficult to adopt legal solutions that would guarantee the full realization of the right to religious freedom. The Armenian Apostolic Church considers religious freedom as an anti-national provision, and therefore qualifies all other religious organizations as "sects" and anti-national structures. The article provides a detailed analysis of the Religious Denominations Act, indicates which of its provisions are most controversial and shows how the adopted legal solutions differ from the international standards.

Milindapañha and the Role of Buddhism as a Catalyst for Public Communication and Discussion

Author(s): Olga Kubica / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

As Amartya Sen has rightly noticed (Sen 2005: 182), one of Buddhist main principles was attaching special importance to discussions and dialogue. This argumentative tradition, which is traceable in Buddhism from the very beginning, for example in the texts of the Sutta Piṭaka or the so-called “Buddhist councils,” especially the third of them in the time of Aśoka, who in his edicts advocated respect for dissenting views, finds its exemplification in the Milindapañha — a Pāli Buddhist text, missing original version of which was probably written in Gāndhārī. The analysis of this text, taking into account a variety of possible influences in a multicultural environment of the region of its origin – Gandhāra and during its transmission, as well as the applied artistic means, will give us the opportunity to reconsider the crucial questions regarding the religious and ethnic identity of the Indo-Greek ruler and the attractiveness of Buddhism to the Greeks living in the region of Gandhāra in the second and first century BC. These questions, in a broader perspective, relate to the matters of the dialogue on its many levels: socio-political, intercultural, interpersonal and intrapersonal. Analysis of these levels enables us to notice the essence of the dialogue and its importance

Божието осияние в богословско-философските възгледи на Псевдо-Дионисий Ареопагит и св. Максим Изповедник

Author(s): Dimitar Bogdanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2021

The article examines the relationship between one God-Creator and His creation, considering how His emanation to the world (to the creation) takes place and how the arranged in hierarchical order angels and people receive the divine energies in order to turn themselves to Him afterwards. These energies reach the created being (existence) through one divine ray, which radiance penetrates all the members of the Celestial and Ecclesiastical hierarchy in order to purify, enlighten and perfect them. The purpose of the whole hierarchy is the metamorphosis and deification of everything that exists through the power of the eternal and uncreated divine light (energy, grace), and this deification is achieved personally (hypostatic) in a personal spiritual experience of a man with God. The study tries to clarify who are the main participants in this process, where and how they are located and what is the relationship between them. In this way, the article combines some of the most important theological and philosophical views of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and St. Maximus the Confessor.

Волята в перспективата на христологията на преп. Максим Изповедник

Author(s): Petar Uzunov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2021

The article focuses on the Christological foundations of the problem of will, as they are set out mainly in the theological and polemical works of St. Maximus the Confessor and the Dispute with Pyrrhus. The doctrine of will is considered, marking the contribution of St. Maximus in the development and finalization of the Chalcedonian Christological concept. In the context of this exposition, various scientific interpretations are presented as to whether there is a change in his position on the question of the existence of a gnomic will in Christ and the development of his doctrine of one action, concluding that the Venerable does not essentially change positions. The historical ground and preconditions for the emergence of the Monothelite doctrine and its organic connection with the Monophysite theology are outlined. In conclusion, the problem of the deification of the human will, as a consequence of the perichoresis of nature in the Person of the Savior and his eschatological dimensions, is considered.

Свободна воля, провидение и предопределение във византийската традиция

Author(s): Georgi Kapriev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 27/2021

The paper explains the theories of will and freedom throughout the intellectual history of Byzantium. In this context, decisive differences with the Latin tradition are also commented on. The problem network encompasses topics such as decision-making, providence, fate, and predestination.