Teória prirodzeného zákona podľa Tomáša Akvinského

Author(s): Andrea Blaščíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2012

The paper enounces a renewed interest in Thomas’s theory of natural law in the context of contemporary moral-philosophical scene. It presents several reasons of this turn as well as reasons of its only a partial success. Further, it pursues how the Thomas’s natural law theory can sustain the platform of universality in ethical values, at the same time respecting the historicity and the diversity of subjects and cultures. It shows the neglected difference between the permanent universal and variable derived precepts. Universal principles guarantee the possibility of the agreement in the most universal values. Derived precepts, referring the principles to the unrepeatable circumstances and allowing the graduality of man’s progression in moral life, guarantee the possibility of difference. Finally, the paper concludes that the Thomas’s natural law conception offers the vision of how people as rational beings can arrive to mutual comprehension concerning the most important aspects of the good and the evil, sustaining the cultural differences in which they differ.

Je postihnuté dieťa v rodine činiteľom zväčšujúcim riziko rozvodu?

Author(s): Mária Šmidová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2012

The article points out that in a society, among us, live families with disabled children that meet with serious problems. Help they need is not often offered to them. In particular, this consists in the synergy between the professional and human assistance. This is the main objective of the Department of Social Work – teaching on the family of the Faculty of Theology of the University of Trnava. Such a family meets various crises. One of the consequences may be a divorce, if there is no condition in a family with a disabled child properly mastered. The article brings the problems of the family in which a child is born with special needs, since the first information about the child’s disability. It discusses the problem that concerns the parents themselves and their ability to cope with this difficult situation. How this affects the quality of their life? The aim of this contribution is to find an effective source of support for families with a child with special needs.

„Trójka widm w bezokoliczniku”. Spektralne koniugacje Witolda Wirpszy

Author(s): Piotr Bogalecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

This article presents an interpretation of Witold Wirpsza’s poem ‘Zgryzota i dalekie światło’ [Distress and a Distant Light]. Bogalecki begins with an analysis of the poem’s formulas and procedures in a Deleuzian context. His goal is twofold: first, to deduce Wirpsza’s understanding of the theme of the spectre, which only becomes meaningful through Jacques Derrida’s hauntology and the works of Giorgio Agamben and John D. Caputo. The second goal is to indicate a direction for a post-secular reinterpretation of Wirpsza’s work. His return to the theological or religious tradition can be understood as a deconstruction of the traditional form of religious and metaphysical poetry. The effect turns out to be an affirmative recognition of the language of religion as a spectre that incessantly ‘haunts’ modern, seemingly secularized discourses.

Logický pozitivizmus a jeho chápanie vývoja vedy

Author(s): Miroslav Karaba / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2012

The aim of this paper is to analyze logical positivism view and understanding of scientific progress with emphasis on its inductivism and cumulativism. One of the resources of this view was Mach’s empiriocriticism. In the positivists view, the progress of science consists in the accumulation of observations, on the one hand, and cumulative growth of theories, on the other hand. The new theory includes the old theory (plus something). Thus the growth of science essentially exhibits continuity. On the ground of empirical basis (pure observations or facts) positivists were able to build up their theory of scientific progress based on cumulative amount of observations which are theory free. Consequently, the scientific progress is purely quantitative, continuous and linear process. The main problem is with unhistorical and absolutist understanding of verification which is including in this kind of cumulativist approach.

Мировоззренческие поиски провинциальной учительской интеллигенции в конце 1980-х — середине 1990-х годов

Author(s): Olga V. Pigoreva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The article analyzes the process of outlook change of the provincial teacher's intelligentsia in the end of the 1980-s — the middle of the 1990-s. These people faced the necessity of personal search for guidelines to create an adequate academic process in the conditions of existing ideological mix in the USSR and Russia, crisis of school teaching, refusal of communist ideals, depoliticization of school.

НА ЧТО УКАЗЫВАЕТ ИСПРАВЛЕННЫЙ ТЕКСТ?

Author(s): Pavel Butakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

Available manuscripts of Paul’s First Epistle to the Corinthians have a variant reading of Jesus’ words at the Last Supper in 11:24. The longer reading contains “take, eat” while the shorter reading does not. The two readings have a noticeable difference in meaning. The longer one highlights the individual value of the Eucharist; the shorter version, however, favors its institutional significance. The existence of both readings can be interpreted as a witness to an ideological dynamics in the early church. Depending on which of the two readings is considered prior, the church history would be seen either as an increase of clerical authority, or as an increase of value of the individual.

РЕЛИГИОЗНАЯ СТОРОНА САХАЛИНСКОЙ МЕНТАЛЬНОСТИ

Author(s): K.M. Tovbin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5-6/2015

On the basis of the methodology of the traditionalist school the author analyzes the religious component of Sakhalin mentality. The confessions, composing the spiritual field of Sakhalin region, for convenience can be divided into traditional, traditionally-oriented and innovatory (in their turn they can be divided into modernist and post-modernist). The traditional confessions realize mental penetration into the living environment. The modernist ones, on the other hand, have a propensity to escaping from this penetration; the post-modernist confessions move to the virtual space rich in an illusory semiotic content substituting the ontological analogs. The Sakhalin religious organizations are approximately divided into these categories. On the base of this classification, generalizing his own experience of theoretical and practical studies, the author builds a specific vision of Sakhalin mentality and concludes about the spiritual condition and the possibilities of the future development of Sakhalin.

Types de pelerinages au Moyen Age

Author(s): Jan Goossens / Language(s): French Issue: 04/2005

ВЫЗОВ МОДЕРНУ ИЗ ЦЕНТРА СТАМБУЛА: ДЖАМААТ “ИСМАИЛ АГА” В ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ ЖИЗНИ ТУРЦИИ

Author(s): Ilshat Gabitovich Saetov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

The article seeks to identify religious, political and institutional features of the jamaat “Ismail Agha”, one of the most conservative Muslim communities in Turkey. Despite its Sufi identity, this community is characterized by a number of features, typical of modern jamaats: work via the Internet, establishment of public organizations, etc. In response to modern reality, while maintaining the demand for the traditional Sufi form of self-organization, “Ismail Agha” appears as a phenomenon of a tariqah adapted to modern society.

ОБРАЩЕНИЕ К ИДЕЯМ ИБН ТАЙМИЙИ В НОВОЕ И НОВЕЙШЕЕ ВРЕМЯ

Author(s): Anna Igorevna Matochkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

The article provides a summary of the ideas of a medieval Muslim theologist, Ibn Taymiyyah, and studies the history of addressing his ideas and the reasons for their popularity. To a large extent the teaching of Ibn Taymiyyah became widely known because of his influence on the formation of the Wahhabi movement. The popularity of Ibn Taymiyyah’s ideas in Early Modern and Contemporary History suggests timelessness of the issues considered by the theologist and the increasing role of religion in transition periods in the history of the Muslim community.

ИСЛАМСКОЕ ФИНАНСОВОЕ ПРАВО И ЕГО РОЛЬ В РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ ИСЛАМСКИХ ФИНАНСОВ

Author(s): Renat Irikovich Bekkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

This paper analyzes legal regulation of the status and activities of Islamic financial institutions worldwide. We treat Islamic financial law as an independent branch of Islamic law (fiqh) and attempt to construct its basic principles. We also specify those subsections of Islamic financial law which require study in the first place.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ МОРАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИСЛАМСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДОКТРИНЫ И ПРАКТИКИ

Author(s): Andrey Yurevich Zhuravlev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

The article reviews some aspects of the intellectual and practical reaction of the Muslim world to the erosion of traditional Islamic values as influenced by the economic expansion of capitalism and its immanent world-view. The work seeks to display to what measure Islamic economy as a particular case of moral economy performs its mission, which is to create a social institution free of the negative traits of capitalism and thus to give Muslims a stimulating example of the rightness of their own fundamental values. The work shows that this problem has been predominantly solved on paper only. The impossibility of autarchy leads to an impregnation of Islamic economic practices with the logic of the very socio-economic system they are supposed to counter.

КОРПУС МУСУЛЬМАНСКОГО ДУХОВЕНСТВА РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ

Author(s): Zilya Rashitovna Khabibullina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

In Russia in the last decades the role of religious figures has become more important, and their number has increased significantly. Out of the social stratum they have turned into a social and professional group with its own intellectual resources and a high potential influence on the population and social processes. Based on the results of the research carried out in 2005–2011, the article presents the main points relating to the formation and development of the body of modern Muslim clergy in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The obtained data made it possible to identify the main characteristics of the group under study (social and professional composition, peculiarities and conditions of professional work, public views and values).

РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА КНИГУ: БУСТАНОВ А. К. КНИЖНАЯ КУЛЬТУРА СИБИРСКИХ МУСУЛЬМАН

Author(s): Sebast'yan Tsviklinski / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

Review of: Bustanov A.K. The Book Culture of Siberian MuslimsКнижная культура сибирских мусульман. – М.: ИД Марджани,2013. – 264 с.

КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЕ РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В ПОЛИКУЛЬТУРНОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ: СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ

Author(s): Dinara Rifkatovna Gimadeeva,Mariya Yuryevna Eflova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

Using the example of the multicultural society of the Republic of Tatarstan, we analyze the processes of formation of religious identity and the influence of different social factors (education, media, and family) on them. We establish that the most important factors in the construction of religious identity are ethnicity and family education. However, in multi-religious families the choice of religion is determined by the social environment of an individual and the social status of the religion rather than by the influence of the family.

Литургични текстове на светците, изписани в църквата „Св. Димитър” в Арбанаси

Author(s): Elena Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The naos of the Church of St Demetrios, Arbanassi was painted in 1621 following an expansion of the building. The initial construction dedicated to St George was covered with murals painted supposedly in the last two or so decades of the seventeenth century, on which a later overlayer was painted. Fragments of the scene The Adoration of the Lamb of the overlayer in what is now the narthex of the Chapel of St George in the chancel and the naos (1621) have survived. In the chancel of the naos of the Church of St Demetrios, the best part of the representations of the saints officiating at the Episcopal celebration of the Divine Liturgy have survived, but the Greek texts on their scrolls are almost obliterated. Fragmentally, certain signs are readable, allowing reconstructing some of the liturgical quotations traditionally inscribed beside certain images. Only fragments of the murals at the Chapel of St George have survived. Of the figures of the six hierarchs in the apse, only the name of St Athanasius has not been lost. The texts on their scrolls are legible though––both related to the doctrine of the Trinity––allowing for establishing the saints’ identity. Finally, to recap, both teams of icon painters working in the early seventeenth century at the naos and the chapel of the Church of St Demetrios, Arbanassi, were well versed in theology.

Надписи и тамги горы Дэл-ула (к речевым и культурным особенностям Центральной Монголии в VIII—X вв.)

Author(s): Igor L. Kyzlasov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (21)/2016

There are three chronological groups of inscriptions on the Del-ula mountain in Mongolia. Most ancient ones are from Bronze Age; beyond that, at the different times in Middle Ages were inscribed, firstly, three families’ tamgas of the VIII—IXth centuries; secondly, near them, a single author has put two runic inscriptions in the Altai variant of the Yenisei alphabet in the IX—Xth centuries. Their contents can be interpreted as Manichaean; in this case, they tell about a repentance of a soldier having killed animals on hunting and about a gratitude to god for disposal of diseases. It can be further assumed that the author of the inscriptions was a preacher, who knew a common plot about the discussion (disastrous for the prophet Mani) between Mani and the shahanshah Varahran I in 276 and intentionally connected in his inscriptions the two subjects of the triumphing Manichaeism — the victorious doctoring and the humbled military or hunting valour. Spelling of the words täŋiri and altїmїš manifests some dialect features of the local speech, possibly Kirghiz.

ДЬЯВОЛ И СВЯТОПОЛК: ПРЕДЕЛЫ САМОВЛАСТНОСТИ ДУШИ SUB SPECIE ДЕМОНОЛОГИИ

Author(s): Mikhail Leonidovich Tuzov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

Based on the example of two texts from Boris and Gleb’s hagiography, we carry out a comparative analysis of the reasoning logic of Old Russian authors for solving the issue on the relationship between the devil and human thoughts. In this relation, we consider how the life stories under study present the role of the devil in the formation of Prince Svyatopolk’s villainous intentions. As a logical consequence of the practically opposite solutions provided in these works, several possible answers to the question on man’s free will arise, i.e., whether it is consistently free or limited in its freedom (particularly, under the influence of evil forces).

Chris Klassen. Religion & Popular Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Author(s): Nikolai Mitrokhin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Review of: Nikolai Mitrokhin - Chris Klassen. Religion & Popular Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press, 2014. 227 pp. ISBN 978 -0-19-544918-5.

МИССИОНЕРСКИЕ ДНЕВНИКИ Е.А. МАЛОВА: РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В ПОВОЛЖЬЕ В КОНЦЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА

Author(s): Artem Valentinovich Krestyaninov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

In this article, we consider the unpublished diaries of missioner E.A. Malov and examine his views on the implementation of religious policy in the Volga Region over the late Imperial period. The diaries show the evolution of the Kazan missionary’s ideas about religious policy, and reflect the contradictory interpretations of Ilminskii’s system, which existed in secular and church circles of Russian society. Based on these diaries we can describe how approaches to confessional policy depended on discussions about the necessity of Russification of nonRussian Orthodox population in the Volga Region of the Russian Empire.