THE HISTORIOGRAPHICAL RETHINKING OF THE BULGARIAN SCHISM (1872) THROUGH THE POSTSECULAR PERSPECTIVE – REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES

Author(s): Tsvetomir Todorov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The Bulgarian schism from 1872 is considered the focal point in the synthesis between secularization and nationalization of the religious life of the Orthodox Christians in the modernizing 19th century Balkans. The Bulgarian separation from the Patriarchate of Constantinople was not a precedent in the context of the epoch. Quite similar were the administrative church disunions, common for most of the emerging nationalistic movements in Eastern Europe. But it was only the Bulgarian case in which a whole nation was proclaimed schismatic and excommunicated from the Orthodox ecumene. What is more, it was for the promulgation of the autocephaly of the Bulgarian Exarchate that the nationalism within the Church (ethnophyletism) was declared heresy. That exclusiveness of the Bulgarian case makes it a rather convenient resource for historical, theological and sociological arguments in the ongoing scientific debates, concerning the modern relationships between church, state and society and especially for the explanation of some conflict crossroads within the modern Orthodox world. Apart from the academic discourse, in the past two decades the Bulgarian schism from 1872 is actively being used, both by local and foreign thinkers, as a ground for predefinition of the popular grand narratives in the Bulgarian history. To the intensity and the reasons for that rethinking of the historical discourse, which could be quite radical in some cases, is devoted the following research.

Educational Creativity of Family Life Education Teachers: Polish Context

Author(s): Anna Zellma / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Twórczość edukacyjna nauczyciela należy do podstawowych kategorii badawczych we współ- czesnej pedeutologii. Zagadnienie to analizowane jest w powiązaniu z aktywnością dydaktyczną i wychowawczą w szkole. Wśród różnych powinności współczesnego nauczyciela wymienia się twórczość w myśleniu i działaniu. Powinność ta odnosi się również do nauczyciela wychowania do życia w rodzinie. Jej realizacja wymaga innowacyjności oraz umiejętności wielostronnego sty- mulowania uczniów do aktywnego udziału w procesie nauczania i wychowania w polskiej szkole. Twórczość edukacyjna nauczyciela wychowania do życia w rodzinie wymaga bowiem umiejętno- ści przekraczania zastanych reguł postępowania dydaktycznego i wychowawczego oraz tworzenia - na bazie dotychczasowej wiedzy i doświadczenia - nowych rozwiązań edukacyjnych. Istotna jest też zdolność do osobistego namysłu (refleksyjności przed, nad i w trakcie działania) oraz umiejęt- ność podejmowania decyzji, samodzielnego rozstrzygania problemów praktycznych, modyfikowa- nia własnych sposobów aktywności zawodowej i działania naznaczonego oryginalnością. Wyżej wymienione właściwości znajdują wyraz w aktywności zawodowej nauczyciela wycho- wania do życia w rodzinie, ukonkretnionej w przekazie wiedzy na temat wielorakich aspektów małżeństwa i rodziny, ludzkiej seksualności, kontaktów interpersonalnych i rozwoju osobowego oraz współczesnych zagrożeń w zakresie życia indywidualnego i społecznego. Nauczyciel wycho- wania do życia w rodzinie ma wspomagać uczniów w kształtowaniu postaw społecznych i moral- nych. Skuteczność jego działalności edukacyjnej jest warunkowana m.in. osobowością nauczyciela wychowania do życia w rodzinie (w tym postawami, wartościami, światopoglądem), samodzielno- ścią w myśleniu i działaniu oraz troską o integralny rozwój uczniów. Za priorytetowe uznaje się też podmiotowe traktowanie wychowanków, tworzenie atmosfery zaufania i dialogu, stymulowa- nie uczestników zajęć do samodzielności w rozwiązywaniu problemów oraz rozwijanie umiejętno- ści wartościowania w zakresie życia indywidualnego, rodzinnego i społecznego.

Wolność w refleksji św. Augustyna

Author(s): Jacek Salij / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Augustine rejected the Manichean claim that freedom was something illusory. It was precisely in debates with the Manicheans that he forged his doctrine of evil as a lack of good where it ought to exist. Freedom, necessarily directed toward good and justice, is the opposite of coercion, but concurrently cannot be reconciled with evil and sin, whereas our real freedom is never in discord with the absolute transcendence of God.

Lenkų mokslininkų tyrinėjimai: Loreto Švč. Mergelės Marijos gerbimas Abiejų Tautų Respublikoje

Author(s): Gabija Surdokaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2014

Review bout book A. Kusztelski, Z. Kurzawa, Kult Loretański w sztuce Rzeczypospolitej (koniec XVI – początek XIX w.). Poznań, 2012.

1578 m. Zapyškio parapijos aprūpinimo aktas

Author(s): Guoda Gediminskaitė / Language(s): Polish,Lithuanian Issue: 4/2014

The paper aims to examine Povilas Sapiega’s donation for Zapyškis parish in the year 1578 as it is the oldest known historical written source of the parish and its churches of Zapyškis and Gelgaudiškis. First, the text of the donation copy and its translation into Lithuanian language are given. Then, the publication is supplemented by a comment. Special attention is paid to the issues of the origin of the document. It is suggested that the donation copy was done in the year1796 in the context of foundation of a new diocese of Vygriai. The paper also tries to comment the content of the document, which reveals historical circumstances of the development of Zapyškis parish and church. It is offered that in the year 1578 Povilas Sapiega supplied for the first time the parish and church, which had been founded by his father Jonas Sapiega. Moreover, the details of supply are disputed.

Ks. Wojciech Cichosz, Możliwości dialogu chrześcijańskiego ze współczesną edukacją polską, Wyd. Bernardinum, Pelplin 2013, ss. 458

Author(s): Ireneusz Werbiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2014

ARAB WOMEN IN THE GULF AND THE NARRATIVE OF CHANGE: THE CASE OF QATAR

Author(s): Krystyna Urbisz Golkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The dramatic transformation of the Arabian Gulf since the discovery of petroleum resources has called for a new perspective on the situation of women in the region. Qatar is an example of fast-paced industrialization,modernization and profound socio-cultural changes. As the environment transforms literally from day to day, new identities are being forged and social roles renegotiated.The leadership’s vision for the country speaks of gender equality and opportunity for all. This article asks how young Qatari women’s personal stories fit into the national narrative of change and what they see as the best path to agency and empowerment.

К истории Эски-Юрта

Author(s): Mikhail M. Choref / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2008

Recently interest in monuments of the late medieval Crimea amplified. However their studying will be hardly possible while there is no clarity with localization of the settlements mentioned in written sources. With the purpose to approach permission of this problem, we will try to formulate our reasons on the history of the Eski-Yurt.

Wymiar apostolski mistyki terezjańskiej

Author(s): Secundino Castro Sánchez / Language(s): Polish,Italian Issue: 1/2015

Lo studio viene sviluppato principalmente sulla base delle tre opere di S. Teresa di Gesù che praticamente descrivono tutta la sua esistenza e gli orizzonti della sua personalità: Vita, Cammino di perfezione e Castello interiore o Mansioni. Ne emerge che più la persona diventa mistica, più vive lo zelo per la salvezza del mondo come manifestazione del suo essere inserita più profondamente in Cristo che non ha un desiderio più grande di quello di salvare ogni uomo.

ARNAVUT KÜLTÜR VE EDEBİYATINDA MEVLİD YAZMA GELENEĞİ

Author(s): MERAL JAJHAI / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2015

Similar to other Muslim communities, mawlid occurs as the expression of love for our Prophet in the Albanian community. Recently, it has gained a wider place in cultural life as the written work or celebration ceremony.Mawlid is used to revive the religious life and in individual plans as signification tool for changes in all stages of life. In the beginning, it was performed in Turkish. In the passage of time, it started to be performed in Albanian which contributed to the accumulation of mawlids among the Albanians. Besides its educational character, mawlid is also a source of hope to gain intercession from Hz. Muhammed (s.a.v.), keep his name alive and commemorating him. This is one of the main motives behind survival and popularity of mawlid among the Albanian Muslims.In the light of texts of mawlids and latest research related with it, this study aims to focus on the development of mawlid as a part of the Albanian culture.

За следите от Методиевия превод на Книгата на пророк Йеремия

Author(s): Tatyana Mostrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2016

The article presents preliminary observations concerning the excerpts from the Book of Jeremiah in the Archival Chronograph (fifteenth century) and Vilno Chronograph (sixteenth century). According to their content, localization and linguistic characteristics, they fall into two main groups. Some of the excerpts are identified as chapters from the Slavic Prophetologion and are connected with the translation made by Cyril and Methodius. Other chapters, which are not included in the Cyrillic and Glagolitic liturgical books, belong to the first, probably untranslated or now lost, part of the Book of Jeremiah. The excerpts that cannot be found in the Prophetologion also have archaic linguistic bases, connected to the translational techniques characteristic of the Cyrillo-Methodian translations, and differ considerably from the translation with commentaries that was made in Preslav. Whether these excerpts belong to an independent earlier translation, made by Methodius and his co-workers, or they are extracts from encyclopaedic miscellany, they provide valuable material for the study of this biblical book and of the Old Bulgarian translation of the Old Testament.

За възможните източници на апокрифния мотив „Сатанаил отказва да се поклони на Адам“ в едно раннохристиянско мъчение

Author(s): Ana Stoykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2016

The article discusses the medieval literary works containing one of the variants of the apocryphal motif “the fall of the Rebel Angel from Heaven,” where Satanael calls himself “a fire flame” and refuses to bow to Adam, who was created “from mud.” A variant of this motif is found in the Slavonic version of an early anonymous Passion of St. George, while its Latin, Coptic and Ethiopian versions contain a more simplified variant – the reason for the refusal of the angel is his superior position in comparison to man. It seems possible that the Slavonic version preserved the original variant of the motif, known in the same form in only two more works – the Greek-Slavonic Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruch) and the Syriac Cave of Treasures, both of which preserved archaic features, whereas the Latin and the Oriental versions show traces of later changes. If this is indeed the case, the replacement of the earlier version occurred at a very early stage of the development of the text, probably already during the circulation of the Passion in Palestine or in Sinai.

Biblijny komponent tekstu cerkiewnosłowiańskiego (przykład staroserbskich zapisów)

Author(s): Izabela Lis-Wielgosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2016

The paper deals with the problem of the presence of biblical material in Old Church Slavonic texts. While this question has indeed already been broadly and repeatedly discussed by palaeo-Slavists, the developments in medieval studies and the achievements in textological and editorial fields have once again made it an open issue still demanding further elaborations and clarifications. In the discourse of the discipline, the topical question concerns not so much frequency or participation as of the modes of usage of the canonical corpus, that is its concrete and conscious application, whereby it becomes an intrinsic and recognizable component of the literary work. My deliberations are intentionally limited to the example of brief literary forms, namely the Old Serbian inscriptions, which have not yet been considered or even marginalized, although they constitute lofty artistic and autonomous forms of expression, mirroring the whole repertoire of ideas, motifs, constructions and reserves of proceedings and operational strategies characteristic of the Old Church Slavonic literature.

Наблюдения върху лексикалната вариативност при библейските цитати в Йоан-Екзарховия превод на De Fide Orthodoxa

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2016

The paper presented here aims at comparing the theological terms as used, on the one hand, in the biblical quotations in John the Exarch’s translation of De fide orthodoxa and, on the other, in the Old Bulgarian (Grigirovich Prophetologion, Codex Marianus, Codex Zographiensis, Sinai Psalter, Enina Apostolos) as well as in some Middle Bulgarian (Bologna Psalter, Karpinski Apostolos, Ohridski Apostolos) Old Russian (Mstislav Gospels, Yurievski Gospels, Pogodinov Psalter, Chudov Psalter, Tolstoev Apostolos, Hristinopol Apostolos) and Old Serbian (Shishatovatski Apostolos, Matich Apostolos) monuments. Also taken in consideration are the respective parts in certain theological writings associated with the Preslav Literary Centre.

Към реконструкцията на превода от Константин Преславски на Второто слово против арианите от Атанасий Александрийски

Author(s): Pirinka Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2016

The author argues that the translation of Oratio II contra Arianos (MS 968 of the Pogodin Collection, National Library, St. Petersburg), attributed to Konstantin of Preslav, has been subject of two re-editions. The first Preslav translation of Orationes I–III is based on a Greek manuscript mainly belonging to the so-called x tradition with scattered features of the RSP tradition. In the first re-edition the editors did away with Konstantin of Preslav’s lexical innovations and unified the terminology. The second re-edition of Oratio II was prepared in accordance with a Greek manuscript falling strictly within the x tradition, without any RSP variants. Oratio III in MS 968 has not been re-edited by the last editor and has preserved the features of Konstantin’s original free translation. This points to a Greek protograph that must have had features of both the x and the RSP tradition. Closest to the Slavonic protograph of Oratio II and III is the Greek manuscript Atheniensis (gr. 428, tenth century). Some alternative readings are attested only in MS 968 and the Greek manuscripts Patmiacus 4 (tenth-eleventh century) and Patmiacus A3 (eleventh century). It is further argued that the quotations from Athanasius of Alexandria’s Oratio II in the Slavonic translation of Euthymius Zigabenos’s Panoplia Dogmatica in manuscript HM.SMS.186 of the Hilandar Research Library (Ohio State University) support the author’s hypothesis about the existence of two different translations of Oratio II: a verbatim translation in Pogodin 968 and a free translation in HM.SMS.186. Both translators must have used a Greek copy of Athanasius that corresponds to the x tradition.

In the Trap of Agnosticism: Judas according to Emiliyan Stanev

Author(s): Ewelina Drzewiecka / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2016

The article discusses the modern sensation of complete enslavement. It offers an in-depth analysis of Emiliyan Stanev’s short story Lazarus and Jesus (Lazar i Isus; 1977) in the context of relevant entries from the author’s diaries. The article centres on the presentation of Judas as a debunker of Christ’s teaching. Stanev presents his vision of a permanent rift between spirit and reason that is not only a clear expression of the tragedy of agnosticism, but also, paradoxically, an indication that the state of ignorance is blessed, albeit impossible to achieve. Stanev’s story can be interpreted as a deeply ambiguous polemic not only with Christian religion understood as an “irrational” truth about transcendence but also with ideology, i.e. a doctrine that promises future happiness but is just as oppressive as formal secular power.

LA LUCE DELLA FEDE E LA CITTÀ DELL’UOMO

Author(s): Flavio Felice / Language(s): Italian Issue: 13/2014

Is it possible, from the perspective of only several months after Francis’s election, to indicate the central idea of the pontificate regarding economy, politics, and social studies? In order to address this question, the author of the paper performs an analysis of the Pope’s teaching of the encyclical Lumen fidei, emphasizing the topic of light which faith sheds on the deepest dimensions of human life, such as: the beginning and end of life, unique dignity of the human person, the value of family built upon the marriage of man and woman, respect for the nature, looking for the models of develop¬ment whose point of reference would exceed profits, service for justice and peace, and the sense of suffering. The analysis indicates that for a Christian it is only God that can constitute the absolute point of reference and that the light of faith can unveil various idol figures trying to make people worship them. Among those idols there is also the state which might become „the coldest of all monsters” if it is a state with absolute aspirations.

Historical – Legal View of the Freedom of Religion in Republic of Albania

Author(s): Engjell Likmeta,Enton Dimmi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The legal mechanism that provided for the protection of freedom of conscience and religion were envisaged by the first contemporary Albanian state. The first law for religious statutes of Albanian state was the legal statute of religious communities. According to this law, the freedom of conscience and faith was guaranteed. In order to guarantee the freedom of religion, despite constitutional provisions and Criminal Code, other mechanisms are ratified by law by the Albanian parliament including also the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, The Declaration on the elimination of all forms of intolerance and discrimination based on religion or belief, and the Convention for the protection of children.This paper aims to give a general overview of all the legal mechanisms in Albania that guaranteed freedom of faith during different periods and all the current mechanisms that still do guarantee it and are in force, including a short description of the punishments provided by criminal law in cases of criminal offenses against the freedom of religion. This general overview is aiming to show the importance of freedom of religion and faith, its development, as it is considered as interdependent and associated with other human rights.

Bóg-człowiek, bóg-zwierzę. Zwierzęce twarze religii

Author(s): Alina Mitek-Dziemba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The aim of this short article is to discuss the state of research in a field which attempts to combine animal studies with theology and religious studies, and to map its discourse, tentatively called “critical ecotheology” and construed as environmental ethics accompanied by a religious inspiration and theological justification which is derived from dogmas and religious attitudes of different world religions. The attempt at providing a theoretical framework for ecotheology was inspired by the pioneering work of scholars who came in September 2014 to Bonn, Germany, for a conference on human-animal relations in religious traditions. The problems brought up by their presentations provoked a discussion of the presence of animals in the thinking, practices, and rituals of various religions and their theologies, highlighting the role of religious culture in negotiating different senses of the animal. The article concludes with the idea that a review of religious and theological issues from the perspective of animal studies may lead to the revision of many concepts and theoretical paradigms within the history and anthropology of religion, while helping to articulate the significance of animals and the need for their protection in the activity of religious groups and individuals.

Trzydzieści sześć tez z teologii praktycznej (tłumaczenie, opracowanie i wstęp Marek Marczewski)

Author(s): Anton Graf / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2016