CONOTAȚII RASISTE ȘI XENOFOBE ÎN LIMBILE ROMÂNĂ, ENGLEZĂ ȘI SPANIOLĂ – STUDIU CONTRASTIV

Author(s): Florina-Cristina Herling,Raluca Ghenţulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

In an epoch in which slavery was regarded as something natural and people of different origins were considered inferior, strange or mad by the majority of the native populations of the so-called civilized countries, racism, xenophobia and discrimination on ethnical criteria were not blamed or discouraged, but, in many cases, even promoted by the politicians, social actors or teachers through the doctrines they presented to the public. At the lexical level, these discriminatory tendencies can still be noticed in phrases, idioms and proverbs, in many languages, including Romanian, English and Spanish. These forms of expression render the majority’s prejudices and stereotypes against the Other, seen as the representative of an unwanted minority. The purpose of this article is to analyze the racist and xenophobic connotations in the three languages, in order to find the common cause of this hatred or contempt against those who are different from us, to get to the root of this phenomenon that, despite current laws and regulations worldwide, still affects the life, career or simply self-esteem of millions of people around the globe. Racism, xenophobia and discrimination should be condemned by all means and, as political correctness has attempted so far, language is one of the main ways to fight against them. Therefore, the expressions provided as examples in this article should be taken only as mere reflections of an obsolete mentality based on the dichotomies of superiority-inferiority, identity-otherness, national-foreign, etc., which have not brought anything good to the progress of mankind, leading to all sorts of conflicts that should be avoided nowadays.

FORMING AND DEVELOPING BASIC LEGAL READING SKILLS: HOW TO RAISE AWARENESS OF THE STRUCTURE AND TERMINOLOGY OF BRITISH STATUTES AND LAW CASES

Author(s): Marina-Cristiana Rotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The aim of this paper is to present how one can form and develop basic legal reading skills, with a focus on the structure and terminology of British statutes and law cases. The paper is mainly, but not exclusively, addressed to translation studies students who may be hindered, when dealing with British legal documents, by the structural and linguistic peculiarities of such texts. Law students may also benefit from the information provided by this paper. Legal texts, in general, are characterized by highly specific drafting conventions, which need to be understood by the legal translator or the law student. For a specialized translator, it is also useful to be able to read a statute or a reference to a law case. Hence, building awareness of the drafting conventions involved in drawing up a statute or of the conventions involved in case citations, and an increased cultural awareness (that may help one understand the context of this or that legal text) are mandatory requirements for any professional translator.

CULTURAL (UN)AWARENESS IN THE ACQUISITION OF LEGAL TERMINOLOGY: OUTCOMES AND SOLUTIONS

Author(s): Marina-Cristiana Rotaru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of cultural awareness in achieving accurate translations by focusing on the analysis of several culture-bound legal terms of the English and Welsh legal system. These specific terms include items that refer to the court systemin England and Wales, such as names of various key positions in the judiciary branch, terms used in court procedures and criminal procedure, or advocacy terms. A parallel with Romania is introduced in order to highlight the similarities and differences between the English and Welsh legal system and the Romanian legal system. In spite of the contrast between the two legal systems, the translator can, if aware of cultural idiosyncrasies, provide correct translations that make apparently opaque terms explicit in the target language.

Humorous political stunts:

Author(s): Majken Jul Sørensen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

The article introduces the concept of humorous political stunt and a new model of five types of stunts that in distinct ways challenge the prevailing order and transcend established power relations. The five types, named supportive, corrective, naive, absurd and provocative, each relate to those in power and their rationality in a different way. Supportive stunts are framed as ostensible attempts to help and protect from harm, here exemplified with a search for landmines in a Belgian bank investing in dubious companies. Corrective stunts present an alternative version of the power holders’ truth, illustrated with a Swedish peace organisation’s parody webpage of a government agency established to support arms export. In an example of a naive stunt, Burmese opposition challenges the military junta from behind a pretended innocence. Polish resistance to socialist rule shows how the absurd stunt defies all rationality. In a contemporary Russian provocative stunt directed towards the secret police, the pranksters transcend power by appearing not to care about the consequences of infuriating the powerful. In all instances, humour is the tool of serious dissent and protest attempting to humiliate and undermine the powerful. The model has been applied to more than 40 stunts and illustrates methods of speaking truth to power that exploit humorous techniques such as irony, exaggeration or impersonation. The examples also document that humour is not always carried out at the expense of those at the bottom of society, but can indeed kick upwards in order to aim for change of the status quo.

Рефлексивно-дативни конструкции с оптативно значение в българския език

Author(s): Galina Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

This article analyzes and compares two types of Bulgarian reflexivedative constructions with optative meaning: bi-clausal (Иска ми се да танцувам ‘I wish to dance’) and monoclausal (Танцува ми се ‘I feel like dancing’). It presents the structural and semantic specificity of these constructions as well as the possibilities and constrains for their use. Both structures are distinguished by the presence of a verb in the third person, the reflexive particle се and an obligatory dative clitic expressing an experiencer argument. The bi-clausal constructions are viewed as resulting from optative diathesis: аз искам да ‘I want to’ → иска ми се да ‘I wish to’. The monoclausal constructions are viewed as resulting from a further transformation: Иска ми се да танцувам → Танцува ми се. The semantic specialization of the monoclausal constructions is to express a desire for something based on an internal need (primary or secondary). The dative argument is understood as a ‘feel like/experiencer’ subject of the denoted event.

Партиципиални и/или глаголни морфеми

Author(s): Desislava Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

This study deals with an issue that is significant in view of the buildup of word morphological structure, something frequently neglected by investigators, viz., morphemes encoding specific grammatical meanings of Bulgarian participles, which indicate in a specific way why participial forms belong to a separate lexeme class. Of course, there are authors who have discussed participial morphostructure (Pashov 1976, Vatov 1992, Kutsarov 2012, Kutsarov, I. 2007, Aleksova 2012, etc.). However, almost all of them (save Kutsarov, K. 2012, 2019) interpret the grammatical function of participial morphemes through the prism of the verb, i.e., if the participle is part of the verb form composed. Thus the study sets two basic goals: to describe the morphemic classification of Bulgarian participles according to their traditional description in the verb paradigm; to analyze relational and classification morphemes that belong to participles – morphemes that differentiate participles from adjectives and verbs.

Структура на наратива в повестта на Павел Вежинов „Бариерата“

Author(s): Inna Gazheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

This article attempts to analyze P. Vezhinov’s literary work in the context of the possible binary interpretation of its narrative: realistic and fantastical. It researches the ways the raw material of the story is transformed into the plot such as external composition, focalization, the structure of the characters, and the organization of the modal-temporal aspect. It pays special attention to the peculiarities of the novella’s literary space. Both protagonists are characterized as characters of the open space. The space of the male protagonist appears flat, while the female hero maneuvers in a volumetric space. Manev's movements across the flat horizontal space are chaotic in their nature – they represent the erratic wavering of a man who lost list way and has only found purpose once Antonia Dorothea appeared in his life. The article proves that the rite de passage, which acts as the plot framework in this literary piece, doesn’t culminate in the protagonist’s achievement of a “new identity” within the novella. The study concludes that the “realistic” motivation behind the events of the novella doesn't contradict the “metaphorical” one: in both cases, this is a story about "rejection" – about the possible spiritual transformation of the protagonist that was never materialized.

Стихосбирката Истерични веери и предговорът на Теодор Чакърмов

Author(s): Olga Saveska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The most famous book of poetry by the Yambol poet Teodor Draganov, Hysterical Fans (Истерични веери), deserves to be the subject of wider scholarly interest. This article aims to show the functional and pragmatic characteristics of its preface, written by the poet Theodor Chakarmov. The functional characteristics of the preface that make it a pretext for a manifesto, as well as its interpretive functions are analyzed in the text. Attention is paid to the place this book of poetry takes in the context of both the Bulgarian and European avant-garde. The text will answer the following questions: who and what are the influences on the author of the preface and the author of the main text, what is the nature of their aesthetic thinking, what is the "appropriate" readership for the book, and what features of the preface and the volume make them suitable for analysis in an international context.

Преподаването на манифеста

Author(s): Irena Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

In this article, we look at the genre of the manifesto and its possible uses in high school. First, we point out some basic characteristics of this type of text and link them to the idea of a “form of rebellion”. Second, we make a connection between teaching literature in school with teaching the literary events and facts as part of the so-called literary narrative, i.e., putting the phenomena into the larger framework of what is happening in the cultural context of the observed period. We propose a possible way of teaching the manifesto, based on an example of the aesthetico-theoretical work of Geo Milev, having in mind that the author has texts with the characteristics of a manifesto, not complete manifestos.

Филологическото познание и изборът на специалност сред учениците от средното училище (анкетно проучване)

Author(s): Elena Azmanova-Rudarska,Lachezar Perchekliyski,Kristina Baltova-Ivanova,Tsvetelina Mitova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in high schools in some Western and Southwestern Bulgarian towns. The survey includes questions related to the motivation for learning, the students' interest in the subjects studied at school, and their preferences for different scientific fields in higher education. The text gives an example of good practice of interaction between a high school and a Bulgarian university, which attempts to bridge the gap in communication between the two levels of Bulgarian education. Conclusions are made about the place and authority of the philology (in particular – Bulgarian philology) in the modern educational situation.

Conference Report on the International Academic Conference Word and Ideologies, Plovdiv University, 20.05 – 21.05 2021

Author(s): Vesela Ganeva,Iliya Tochev / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The Twenty-third National Scientific Conference for students and doctoral students was held in Plovdiv (with international participation) entitled: Word and ideologies. It was organized by the Faculty of Philology of Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski and by the Linguistic Club Prof. Boris Simeonov. The event was attended by 50 participants (PhD students and students from bachelor's and master's programs) from Bulgarian and foreign universities and institutes (Sofia University, Plovdiv University, Shumen University, Veliko Tarnovo University, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Baku University, Azerbaijan). The conference has a regular status and covers two areas – linguistics and literature.

Wstęp

Author(s): Dominik Bień,Krzysztof Jakubiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2019

Coining Nonce Words: Contrastive Research Based On A Novel

Author(s): Svetlana Nedelcheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

Nonce words or occasionalisms are coined for a particular occasion and usually they are used just once. It is especially difficult when such newly created words have to be translated to another language. This article studies John Harding’s novel Florence & Giles and its Bulgarian translation (by Vladimir Molev). It is a sinister Gothic story told by the 12-year-old Florence living in an isolated New England mansion in 1891. She distorts words by transforming them into other parts of speech, e.g. nouns and adjectives are turned into verbs, nouns into adjectives, adverbs and prepositions into verbs, etc. At first, it could be annoying to the reader, however, once you get used to her narration, it is both fanciful and charming. This research studies the intensely concentrated nonce words in the text and their equivalents in Bulgarian from the point of view of their grammatical, word-formative and semantic characteristics. The contrastive method when applied to the parallel corpus shows some similarities and a lot of differences in the particular characteristics of nonce words due to the specifics of the two languages under discussion.

Рекламный телетекст в зеркале интертекстуальности и интердискурсивности

Author(s): Nadya Cherneva,Boryana Tencheva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2021

The following article explores the usage and transformations of various connotative units in the contemporary Bulgarian and Russian TV advertisement discourse. The role of precedent phenomena (precedent texts, precedent statements, precedent names, precedent situations) is defined in the mirror of intertextuality and interdiscursivity. The theoretical part of this work includes different definitions, on the basis of which the linguocultural units (from classical literature, fairy tales, movies, lyrics of songs, sayings, phraseology, statements of famous people and advertisement) in both languages are grouped according to the classification advanced and their sources of origin and modifications. The different types of structural and semantic changes in their combinations are studied.

The Rise of Translation Studies in Bulgaria

Author(s): Irena Kristeva / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

This article sets out to outline the evolution of the Translation Studies in Bulgaria from 1970 till the beginning of the 21st century. It aims to provide a brief overview of some pioneering articles, the studies that marked the development of translation theory from 1970 to 1990 and some works from the post-totalitarian period. In 1976 the Publishing House Narodna kultura lays the foundation stone for Translation studies, creating the collection “The Art of Translation”. From the 1970s, the Theory and Practice of Translation are included in the courses offered by the Faculty of Western Languages of Sofia University. If the key word defining the translating activity in Bulgaria from the Second World War to the 1990s is confinement, the one that qualifies its state at the beginning of the 21st century is openness. Very controlled in the years 1970 – 1990, the translatological reflection frees itself from the ideological pressure at the turn of the 20st and 21st centuries.

Немските лексикални единици, съдържащи суфиксоида -weise, и техните еквиваленти в българския език

Author(s): Elena Nikolova-Kiskinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Our research interest was provoked by a group of lexical units typical of the German language, containing the productive suffix -weise. These words represent an open system, the representatives of which show a high frequency of use, and nuance the sentence meaning in a distinctive way. The present comparative study between the two unrelated languages, based on a corpus of excerpts from the original fiction and published translated texts from and into German, aims to identify and analyze possible options for precise bilateral translation of the respective lexical items. The analysis made is extremely useful and necessary to overcome the difficulties identified in the course of teaching German as a foreign language, and contributes to the formulation of clear concepts for achieving accurate equivalent translation.

Структура педагогической речи на занятии в электронной среде

Author(s): Natalya Jadko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2021

The article considers pedagogical speech as an activity and a tool for the work of a teacher/teacher/business coach (hereinafter referred to as a teacher) to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of classes in an electronic environment. From the standpoint of the methodology of speech as an activity of A. A. Leontiev, the structure of pedagogical speaking in the form of verbal, written, non-verbal components is proposed, as well as its capabilities as a tool for solving pedagogical tasks in the lesson in an electronic environment.

Старобългарското юридическо наследство в преводите на Петър Оджаков: аксиологични аспекти

Author(s): Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

When understanding the complex social processes in the Principality of Bulgaria at the end of the 19th century, the medieval legal literary-linguistic heritage was realized as a foundation for the creation of an academic style in legal science after the Bulgarian Revival. The article aims to analyze how this occurs in the personal practice of P. Odzhakov, in particular in his selective excerpts from Old Bulgarian laws (1892), how the Bulgarian legal terminology develops from the Middle to the Modern Ages. It focusses on translation decisions of the jurist in comparison with the Greek originals, the Old Bulgarian representatives, as well as other modern languages.

VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE OF STUDENTS OF TRANSCARPATHIAN SCHOOLS WITH HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION BY INTERACTIVE MEANS OF MUSEUM-EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Attila Kovach,Magdalyna OPACHKO / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2020

Modern society is interested in specialists competitive at labor market. Today’s school graduates face challenges: to be able to act independently, to make decisions, to realize creative potential, to be mobile, and to quickly adapt to the rapidly changing living conditions. In this context, the system of vocational guidance of student youth is to become more optimistic and its implementation is to be directed on purposeful, constant pedagogical influence on students, support of their choice of profession, and assistance in providing counseling. After all, vocational guidance, which in school life is provided by the efforts of enthusiasts, has a great influence on the formation of professional self-determination of student youth. In addition, we mention students of schools with Hungarian language of instruction, who are mostly focused on Hungary not only due to language issues (which are being solved with interventions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine), but also due to the lack of comprehensive information on professions available within the country, and ways to convey it to students. Thus, we have a significant percentage of graduates who choose their future life path by the method of “trial and error”. The search for ways to optimize career guidance work with student youth in the multiethnic region of Transcarpathia has preconditioned the study of the state of the problem of student vocational guidance at practice. The purpose of research is to study the state of elaboration of the problem of vocational guidance in the practice of educational institutions of Transcarpathia, in particular schools with Hungarian language of instruction. The research methodology covered three levels: theoretical, diagnostic (ascertaining and formative), and explanatory. The theoretical level made it possible to present generalizations of approaches to the development of basic research concepts, namely: vocational guidance of students, museum-educational environment, means of career guidance in the museum-educational environment, and interactive means.The implementation of the model of vocational guidance of students in the museum-educational environment of Transcarpathia was specified for: a) study of courses of the natural science cycle; b) group, out-of-class and out-of-school activities. The organization of vocational guidance work with students was based on the use of vocational guidance potential of the innovative museum environment, which was the “Museum of Professions”. The results of experimental work conducted in two stages. At the first stage we clarified the state of the problem of vocational guidance of students at practice in Transcarpathian schools by means of a questioning of teachers and students. At the second stage, we evaluated the effectiveness of the permanent virtual “Museum of vocational guidance”. The results of empirical research confirmed that the application of the latest means of museum pedagogy in vocational guidance was of great interest to students, as it contributed to the activation of the system of career guidance in schools.

Colonialism in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: An Analytical Approach

Author(s): Hassan Mariwan N.,Karim Gullan,Nigar Hassan,Rezhin Ahmed / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2020

This paper studies Things Fall Apart via adopting an analytical approach that sheds light on colonialism that has different phases for African countries. They explore the land and finally give excuses for colonizing it. Through analyzing the incidents of the novel the negative role of the colonizer will be demonstrated which is obvious in causing psychological problems for the colonized people of Africa. The paper also illustrates Achebe’s purpose in writing Things Fall Apart as a critique of the British, who colonized African people. His upset about colonialism is demonstrated, which ruined the core of his society, and the novelist wants to make all the people, especially Africans and British aware of the history of African people and their agonies.