Tingiv kõneviis viisakuse väljendajana eesti B1- ja B2-taseme õppijakeeles

Author(s): Mare Kitsnik / Language(s): English,Estonian Issue: 1/2018

The article addresses use of conditional mood constructions to expresspoliteness in the written Estonian as a second language learnersat B1- and B2-levels of the CEFR. The research material consists ofperformances in the writing tasks of the state exams of Estonianas a second language and it comes from the Estonian InterlanguageCorpus (EVKK). The material contains different types of lettersand essays. There were fewer opportunities to use the conditionalmood in the B1-level texts than in the B2-level texts. However, theauthors of the B1-level texts preferred to use the indicative moodeven where the use of the conditional would have been appropriate.In the B2-level texts there were more possibilities to use the conditionalmood and the authors of these texts did take advantage of theopportunities, given the formal nature of both the text and situation.The conditional mood constructions recorded occurred mostcommonly in letters addressed to institutions, and so were more formalin nature and connected to more institutional situations. Thus,the use of the conditional mood to express politeness was relatedto cultural norms of linguistic politeness. Proficiency in use of theconditional mood to express politeness was greater at the B2-levelthan at the B1-level. The main reason for this may be the impact ofthe cultural and linguistic environment.

Przygoda estetyczno-mentalna w przekładzie

Author(s): Bożena Tokarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Translation is an adventure. The desire to experience it exceeds all other translation motives. It is a desire of a rational, pragmatic, emotional and physical nature. Therefore, full normalisation of the principles of artistic translation constantly encounters difficulties. Outside the borders of the scheme there is something called talent and empathy, understood as a cognitive-affective phenomenon. The paradigm of desire is defined by: individual weaknesses, ambition, desire to communicate, to know and experience something so far unknown, and the interaction between them in the form of surprise, dazzlement, and even shock.

Podwójne życie tłumacza

Author(s): Monika Gawlak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The manner of functioning of South Slavic literature translators in the social field is presented in the article as a case of “multiplied social participation”, participation in the “game”, which they treat as an incentive for cultural, intellectual and moral development in the individual and social dimension. Methodological considerations on the translation presented in the article are based on the concepts of Barnard Lahire, Pierre Bourdieu, and Roger Caillois.

Sind Bilder noch Zeichen? Semiotische Sicht auf die Bilder in den modernen Medien

Author(s): Anna Kapuścińska / Language(s): German Issue: 27/2018

The following paper is based on the semiotic approaches, which give pictures the status of signs, and addresses concurrently the problem of the condition of pictures as signs. The discussion in this article ranges from the question of the sign character of traditional and earlier digital pictures, to the question of the contemporary concept of picture and of the sign character of the contemporary pictures, which are present in the modern media.

Die PF-Varianten des Expletivs in jiddischen Sätzen und ihren deutschen und polnischen Entsprechungen

Author(s): Anna Pilarski / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 27/2018

The main focus of analysis are sentences in Yiddish in which the subject position is occupied by the expletive pronoun ‘es’. On the basis of various configurations of sentences with and without the expletive pronoun ‘es’ we analyze syntactic features of the expletive pronoun in Yiddish. The issue of interest is how these features correlate with those of German and Polish counterparts, since the contact with these languages influenced the development of Yiddish. The comparison with German and Polish sentences should allow for a better insight into the structures and put them in the functional frames of discourse. Another question is this of how the core assumptions of the “Minimalist Program” by Chomsky agree with the data provided by Yiddish, German and Polish.

Zu syntaktischen Aspekten der deutschen Rechtssprache im Vergleich mit der polnischen Rechtssprache

Author(s): Malgorzata Osiewicz-Maternowska / Language(s): German Issue: 27/2018

The paper contains an analysis of syntactic aspects of German legal language and a comparison with its Polish counterpart. The object of detailed examination are parallel texts in both languages: the analysis concerns chapters pertinent to general partnerships in commercial law in codification of both legal systems. Since the institution of general partnership is regulated by German and Polish law in a similar way, a comparison was possible at the syntactic level. The results of the study revealed that the syntax of legal texts in the German language can be characterized by the presence of complex sentences, which often contain inserted parenthetical relative clauses. Abundant are also nominal forms and passive voice or passive voice equivalents, as well as infinitival sentences with “zu”. In the Polish legal language we can observe dominance of longer simple sentences, and complex sentences often – like in the German legal language – contain inserted parenthetical relative clauses and impersonal forms. The presented analysis shows that both legal languages, German and Polish, reveal the use of similar syntactic structures.

Między przekładem, komentarzem a interpretacją — uwagi na marginesie anglojęzycznego podręcznika literatury polskiej

Author(s): Marta Anna Skwara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The paper is devoted to the reciprocal connections among three “metatexts”: translation, commentary, and interpretation. On the basis of Antoine Berman’s theoretical assumptions I demonstrate how these three “reformulations” are intertwined in order to analyze chosen pieces of Polish poetry in English translation. My aim is to explore various roles which translation, commentary and interpretation can play in presenting Polish literature to foreign readers.

Visual Literacy

Author(s): Katarzyna Bojarska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Maps: From Metaphor to Critical Topography

Author(s): Elżbieta Rybicka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

This article discusses the dominant approaches to the map as a metaphor, practice and concept in the interdisciplinary area of contemporary theories. The focus is on relationship between map and territory. In the first part the author describes three possibilities: the map as the experiment with territory, the map as the simulation without territory, and the map as the active production of territory, space, nation and knowledge (from the point of view of critical cartography). In the second part the article concentrates on the role of map and literary cartography in literature and literary studies.

Themerson and Schwitters

Author(s): Adam Dziadek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The starting point is the history of acquaintance between Stefan Themerson and Kurt Schwitters, who first met in unusual circumstances in London. The discourse’s core is an attempt at analysing and interpreting Stefan Themerson.s and his wife’s, Franciszka Themerson.s, original books on Kurt Schwitters. The book (as an object) becomes a multilevel text assuming the form of a collage, functioning within several sign-based systems and making the reader creatively active. As the Author believes, a text thus made combines autobiography, biographies, existential and artistic experience, the whole rich space of traces and signs. The books by the Themersons under discussions become a specific and unique case of interference of arts.

In the Meanders of Geopoetics

Author(s): Elżbieta Konończuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article discusses the work of various scholars in geopoetics, such as Elżbieta Rybicka, Kazimierz Brakoniecki, Edward Kasperski or Anna Kronenberg. Konończuk also outlines debates on the sources, theory and research methods of geopoetics, presenting the field’s founding texts by Michel Deguy and Kenneth White, and suggesting that research on geopoetics ought to be included within the remit of the theory of the poetic imagination.

Słowacka proza naturyzmu w polskich przekładach — strategie wyboru i translacji w zmieniającej się perspektywie kulturowej drugiej połowy XX wieku

Author(s): Marta Buczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The author of the article analyses Polish translations of the Slovak naturalist prose which is a very interesting phenomenon at the primary horizon and appears to be the most frequently translated into Polish. The author concentrates on the representative translations, strategies for selection and strategies for translation of the naturalism in the changing cultural perspective of the second half of the twentieth century. Historical and cultural situation, historical distance between the originals and their translations has the biggest influence for the selection of the texts but also for the strategies the translators choose during the process of translation. In the perspective of cultural and literature turn in Poland in 1956, the Slovak naturalist prose had the chance to appear in the second horizon but it did not affect recipients and did not have the possibility to impact the development of the receiving literature. The author of the article tries to answer the question why it did not happen.

Polskie wybory czeskiej prozy kobiecej w przekładach po 1989 roku

Author(s): Dorota Żygadło-Czopnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

In the article we pay special attention to the presence of Czech female writing in Poland after 1989. In the latest Czech literature, women are becoming more and more significant. In recent years, books by Czech female writers, particularly of a young generation, have been translated. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of field, capital and habitus, the article is concerned with the role of a translator as an active agent in literary communication.

Književnopovijesni modus procedendi Julija Benešića u zbirci „Poljska lirika”

Author(s): Tea Rogić Musa / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2018

During his entire work in philology Julije Benešić had systematically translated two types of texts: masterpieces of canonical Polish authors, which he considered to be his most important work as an author and as a cultural mediator, however he also translated a series of shorter works of authors who were not famous in Croatia, which he undertook out of his polonophilic tendencies. In his work as a translator, „Polish Lyricism”, a chrestomathy spanning five centuries of Polish literature, holds a special place. In the article we will try to come to a conclusion to what extent were Benešić’s choice as a translator and his work as a historian successful, i.e. did they correspond with topics important to the entire Croatian literary and social environment of his, interwar, period, as well as our own period.

Dlaczego się tłumaczy ponownie: nowe ukraińskie odczytania polskiej prozy

Author(s): Andrij Saweneć / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The paper focuses on the issue of retranslation perceived as a significant aspect of contemporary practice of literary translation into Ukrainian, exemplified by the cases of the retranslation of short stories by Bruno Schulz and Tadeusz Konwicki’s „Minor Apocalypse”. The emergence of new translations within a short time encourages questions about the ambitions that drove translators and publishers to present new translations of the previously translated literary works, as well as about the strategies used by translators.

Cztery kolędy Ewy Lipskiej

Author(s): Paweł Marciniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2018

The article contains the reflection on four texts of Ewa Lipska, written in association with Zbigniew Preisner. The discussed works belong to a genre of a literary carol and as a result they have been included in the republication of the album W poszukiwaniu dróg [Searching for the paths] Therefore, a new area of poetics activity of Lipska appears. The authoress of Sefer makes use of stylization, deforming a specified pattern and thereby revaluating the tradition of a carol. The scrutinised texts were designed as being ready for the musical performance, emphasising Lipska’s interest in the song genre. The creation of a Cracovian poetess has been tilting towards popular culture since some longer time now.

„Jak to się stało, że masz syna z nowym Bondem?” – kobiece, męskie i boskie w poezji Justyny Bargielskiej

Author(s): Jarosław Fazan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2018

The paper applies to the work of one of the most important Polish writers of the last decade. Bargielska combines bold poetic experiments with a keen testimony of an ordinary life of a young woman, who experiences life in the beginning of the 21st century in Poland. On the one hand, the poet declares a conservative worldview (her value system is based on the “trinity”: Catholicism, heterosexuality, motherhood), on the other hand, she brutally and mercilessly uncovers the subjugation of a woman in the world of a male-dominated language. Her writing deconstructs this system, as it discovers the literature as a space for the practice of personal freedom beyond the slogans and ideological divisions; she manages to create her own independent form of existence. The poet renews feminine way of being through the deconstruction of religious myths and cultural stereotypes, confronted with the physiological and social reality.

Rezydencja poezji. O liryce Marty Podgórnik

Author(s): Agnieszka Czyżak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2018

The article contains interpretations of verses written by Marta Podgórnik during last twenty years (1996-2016). This analysis of Silesian writer’s poetry lead to recognitions of aspects, themes, images, particularites it includes. Podgórnik creates pictures of unsubmissive and individualistic women, which must exist out of main discourses: patriarchal and feministic. But the most important in this poetry is language used for poetic but subversive descriptions of painful experiences, also by using inter-textual references.

Незавършеният проект на идилията: пасторал и модерност

Author(s): Vladimir Sabourin / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2018

Стилно за стилистиката

Author(s): Yovka Tisheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2018