Bathhouses as Sites of Protest: Rebellious Bodies in the Arts of Early Modern Iran

Author(s): Mahroo Moosavi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Bathhouses have a strong presence in Iranian folklore and Persian literature. In parallel with literature, there are illustrations in which the topic of bathhouses is exhibited. This paper focuses on a 16th century Persian miniature painting in which the location of a public bathhouse is used as a place of occurrence of a homosexual love story. On the one hand, bathhouses as places of “purification”, and, on the other hand, corporeal bodies as agency of tactile experience create a novel dialectic between the space and its inhabitants. In an atypical study of the spatial organisation of bathhouses in the Safavid period Iran (1501-1736), the paper argues that architecture at the beginning of Iran’s modern era, not only questions the normative configurations of space, but also starts to object to the solid foundations of existing religious/societal norms.

Reading Disability in Literature and in Film: A Review of Sally Chivers and Nicole Markotić (Editors and Introduction). The Problem Body: Projecting Disability on Film. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University, 2010, 239 pages, ISBN: 978-0-8142-5231-4 and

Author(s): Anne-Marie Callus / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

This is a review-article of two major studies in disability studies, one edited collection, The Problem Body: Projecting Disability on Film, edited by Sally Chivers and Nicole Markotić and one authored volume, Aesthetic Nervousness: Disability and the Crisis of Representation by Ato Quayson.

As spune ca suntem predestinati la toleranta...

Author(s): Francisko Kocsis / Language(s): Romanian,Hungarian Issue: 07-08/2016

The text is an interview taken by Francisko Kocsis to the Hungarian writer and politician, representing the Hungarian minority in Romania, Marko Bela.

The Graduation Paper in Translation Studies

Author(s): Iulia Bobăilă,Manuela Mihăescu,Alina Pelea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Critical thinking skills play a vital role in a knowledge society and have a direct influence on the quality of teaching and learning. We aim at highlighting the way in which the graduation paper in Translation Studies can become an excellent opportunity to encourage students to test the applicability of key concepts from this field and to tackle research systematically. Based on our experience of supervising graduation papers on translation studies-related topics, we have identified students’ typical approaches and recurring difficulties. This allows us to suggest possible solutions for the problems encountered, depending on each stage of the process. Our purpose as supervisors is to endow students with the cognitive flexibility they need in order to draw up an adequate research plan, use translation assessment criteria creatively and hone their critical skills for future real-life situations.

Academic Teaching in Translation and Interpreting in Russia: Student Expectations and Market Reality

Author(s): Evgeniya Malenova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for translator and interpreter competence in an ever-changing professional environment and provide recommendations to improve academic teaching in translation and interpreting in Russian universities in order to meet the needs of the language industry. To this end, the author discusses the results of three surveys carried out in 2017-2018. In the first survey, chief executives and vendor managers of major Russian translation companies share their experience of hiring university graduates. In the second survey, young professionals entering the Russian translation and interpreting market reflect on their university experience versus the expectations they had when enrolling in translation and interpreting programs. In the third survey, teachers of translation and interpreting from Russian universities reflect on existing academic programs in translation and interpreting.

Education in Localization: How language service providers benefit from educational partnerships

Author(s): Carreen Schroeder / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The purpose of the research was to examine whether or not partnerships between language services organizations and institutions of higher education have a positive impact on students, the educational institutions, partnering companies, and on the language services industry as a whole. We interviewed key educational institutions within the United States as well as a select few in Europe who closely partner with organizations within the language services sector to determine whether or not their partnering experiences had a positive effect on student enrolment, student participation, post-graduate success, and appropriate job placement within the language services industry. Likewise, we interviewed leaders in the language services industry to better understand whether or not they found the partnerships to be beneficial for their own organization, and for the industry as a whole. With regard to the key players we researched, all seemed to be in favor of partnerships, and all shared tangible reasons why these partnerships are a win for all involved. Although our research seems to indicate that – at least at present – there are only a limited number of these partnerships around the globe, there is a growing interest and desire for this number to grow in the years ahead.

Borysa Popławskiego Uwagi o poezji: autorskie credo a wyobraźnia tłumacza

Author(s): Grzegorz Ojcewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXIII/2018

This article scrutinizes the structure and content of Boris Poplavsky’s Notes on Poetry. The text reveals the thoughts of this Russian poet who writes about the Russian poetic tradition (Pushkin, Blok) and mentions selected aspects of emigrant reality. B. Poplavsky stresses the importance of an innovative element in the creative process. He indicates the basic mechanisms governing the inner literary process which determine the evolution of fiction.

Entre la danse macabre et l’apologie de la vie, ou les vanités selon Joris-Karl Huysmans

Author(s): Zofia Litwinowicz / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2018

In Joris-Karl Huysmans’ works, particularly those created in the transition between his decadent phase, symbolised by Down there (1891), and the period of mystical naturalism, which reaches its peak with The Cathedral (1898), it is possible to trace a complete and profound evolution of the vanitas motif. This article offers an analysis of three major stages of this change. It begins with the macabre vanitas characteristic for Down there. It is interpreted in the light of Félicien Rops’ aesthetics, which fascinates Huysmans in the 1880s, and the artistic adaptations of the temptation of saint Anthony in late Middle Ages and early Renaissance. Then, the article examines Huysmans’ approach to the Karlsruhe and the Isenheim Altar pieces by Matthias Grünewald, which marks a transition between the aesthetics of the dance of death and the mystical naturalism. The article finishes with a study of Grünewald's ekphraseis’ legacy: the apology of life, a new interpretation of the vanitas in The Cathedral.

La vanité et le tragique existentiel dans l’œuvre durassienne

Author(s): Anna Ledwina / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2018

Duras’s work is a deep reflection on the emptiness of the human condition. In her works, a man realizes his/her inability to live in a senseless, unfriendly world in which all efforts to change the course of events or improve fate turn out to be futile. Therefore they express senselessness of any activity or commitment of the individual as confronted with the cruelty of fate. This state of affairs results from the inseparable connection between life and death inscribed in human nature. The works by Duras reflect the end of the world so perceived and the absurd manifestations of the inevitable disaster. In this dramatic way, the author shows the tragedy of human existence associated, in particular, with the despair of suffering and injustice. The protagonists who are powerless and lost in precarious reality submit passively to unrelenting fate.

La vanité ou le miroir des faux-semblants dans Chaque heure blesse de Raoul Danaho

Author(s): Mylène Danglades / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2018

Vanity, in its most general representation, invites us to stop for a moment our race ahead, to set aside our various actions and to ask ourselves about our destiny. Literature, painting often focuses on the fragility of life. It is compared to a breath, a vapor that appears for a short time. Earthly goods, worldly pleasures seem vain and ephemeral and the incessant quest of man equally illusory. Raoul Danaho, in his novel Every hour hurts, published in 1968 evokes the story of a young man who seeks his own identity and his own place in the world. Albert, this man from Cayenne, ended up in Paris, but he did not find the desired tranquility. There is no attraction to life in his eyes. He must "strive to live". It feels empty, unable to merge with the surrounding world and the writing of Danaho becomes by the same fragmentary as to "reflect" the vanity of existence. Will Albert seek "vainly" to "continue his journey," "This groping in the dark, this blind march in the night," or is the rhetoric of vanity so distended to allow him to find a salutary way? The Rochefoucauld stated with some acuity the following words, referring the man to himself, to his fellows and to the reflecting prism: "What makes us the vanity of others unbearable is that it hurts ours " (1664, 390). We are entitled to ask ourselves whether the light will be able to reach and radiate the human heart.

"Le Tramway" de Claude Simon : une vanité postmoderne ?

Author(s): Mokhtar Belarbi / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2018

The theme of vanity occupies a prime place in Claude Simon's "Tramway". In this text, he has adopted a new conception of vanity. Certainly, the author has always evoked themes intimately associated with vanity, such as the theme of death, the theme of melancholy, the theme of war, etc., but the “finitude” has always been for him a crucial phase for the return to the primordial and the origin for the beginning of a new cycle of life. In "The Tramway", the vanity of the world is presented in a tragic way. No reference to the primordiality or the cyclical return of things. The author insists on updating in the memory of the time of death. A large number of metaphors and symbols highlight this theme of death; it is as if the author throws to the reader a memento mori from someone on the point of experiencing this fatal experience which is irremediable and definitive. This gives the text a tragic and undeniable human dimension.

Jeta dhe pozicioni i paskajores në gjuhën shqipe. Shtegtimi mes fakteve gjuhësore dhe domeneve kulturore

Author(s): Ledi Shamku - Shkreli / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

From a typological point of view, Albanian language is part of the Balkan Language League and this is already a known fact, at least by the Romanian linguist Alexandru Rosetti, who determined that the common linguistic features in grammar, syntax, lexic and phonology give the languages Balkans a special status of "League". One of the common characteristics of the languages involved here is the reduction (or disappearance) of the infinitive verbal. When referring to Albania, the international scientific sources cite the absence of the descendants, expressing the following: complete disappearance in the Tosk dialect and its reduction in that gag. The same sources suggest that the main factor in the collapse or disappearance seems to be the influence of Greek as a high cultural prestige language in the area, also the frank language of the Orthodox liturgy - the dominant religion of the communities that formed the Balkan League again.For our own, these considerations are fair, they may prove inadequate if compared to recent studies on the distribution and factual power of the Albanian language.The publication of the Dialectological Atlas of Albanian Language, a detailed description of the subdivision grammar systems in the Albanian speaking areas, the latest studies of urban dialectology together with sociolinguistic studies that take into account the Albanian and Usus sub-standard, the philological publications of many manuscripts old Arbëresh but also statistical studies on the current state of Arbëresh's speeches have enabled the look of another scenario, much more detailed and concrete about the dynamics and position of the Albanian language in the Albanian language.At this stage, we believe that the description of the Albanian language as the central language of the Balkan Language League raises some questions:1. A less uniform scenario, does it lead to the theory of multiples fonts, which is based on the hypothesis that not all Balkanisms originate from the same source? In these statements, rather than the internal (lingual) elements of the system, is it appropriate to examine in parallel the external elements as well as the cultural and religious influences?2. Being Arbëresh in itself a "fractal" of the Tosk dialect, what does the presence of the infinitive mean to it? Does this presence require the diachronic re-examination of the Greek influence itself? Which Greek, how, when, where and on what language community?3. A more detailed view of the post-Albanian position in the Albanian language would then influence the "Balkanization Index" sketched by Jouko Lindstedt, who gives each Balkan language a particular location on the link, depending on the number of the common features that these languages share?These questions and other issues related to them will also be the focus of our essay.

Filozofia feministyczna i autobiografia: wokół myśli Luce Irigaray

Author(s): Katarzyna Szopa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The article discusses the relations between autobiography and feminist philosophy, taking Luce Irigaray’s thought as an example. Although traditional philosophy usually has been perceived as anti-biographical, as it divides philosophical concepts from its material roots, feminist philosophers and theoreticians exposed materiality of knowledge by stressing the importance of its bodily, sexuated, historical, and cultural situatedness. In this sense autobiography of feminist philosophies is understood as both, public and private, academic and personal, theoretical and practical, ontological and epistemological way of knowledge production.

O eseistycznym usuwaniu obrazów twarzy: Ulicami Londynu: przygoda (1927) Virginii Woolf i Akacje kwitną (1935) Debory Vogel

Author(s): Teresa Bruś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The paper On Essayistic Erasure of the Images of the Face: Virginia Woolf‘s “Street Haunting: A London Adventure” and Debora Vogel’s “Accacias Blooming” addresses Woolf’s and Vogel’s essayistic acts of visual experimentation challenging the conventional “face-to-face” optics. The paper argues that both nomadic auteurs decompose and erase images of the face to transgress the visible and unified subject. The essaysitic “I”s leave their domestic habitus “without the face” to explore the cityscapes. I argue that by means of such departures they can exercise potent strategies of indeterminacy, even rebellion. Gesturing towards new paradigms of the face, they transform the essay.

Kultura tradicionale në hapësirën virtuale

Author(s): Leontina Gega - Musa / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 35/2017

In the era of fast information that we are in, cyberspace has created the possibility for a new dominant form of communication between internet users. Communication appears in new forms, as are various sites like Google and Youtube, than various social networks, and various information portals. This new form of communication is also becoming the bearer of traditional culture in general, including spiritual in particular, which is beforehand being reconstructed by changing the traditional practice of performing, by being adapted to an auditor wishing to see them off. This phenomenon in media literature has been labelled as 'staged authenticity', meaning that in media it is intended to be broadcast only what viewers might like, or what is considered to be authentic by stage managers (in this case, choreographers, directors...). Therefore in the internet are shown old values, or those that are build on them, as well as completely new creations, often alienated, offering and creating opportunities to access, analyze and study them, especially from perspective of social and humane fields.The aim of this paper is to review the report that cyberspace dictates in transmitting a new form of traditional culture and to what extend it jeopardizes the authenticity and content specificity of traditional forms of culture.

CHILDREN AND YOUTH. Disadvantaged and Disenfranchised by the Current US Immigration Regime

Author(s): Marietta Messmer / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Focusing on undocumented immigrant children who were brought to the US by their partents at a young age (the so-called 1.5 generation) and US citizen children living in irregular or mixed-status immigrant families, this essay argues that the current US immigration regime is too strongly adult-centered and in this way not only systematically disenfranchises immigrant children but also structurally disadvantages US citizen children living with at least one undocumented parent because the parent’s irregular status in practice tends to extinguish the child’s citizen status. Analyzing the US’s current immigration regime through the lens of under-age youth can thus function as an enabling prism to highlight the extent to which current US immigration laws and policies collide with both national and international legal practices and produce inherently contradictory or paradoxical situations; it can throw into relief the extent to which children (even US citizen children) lack sufficient agency and voice in current US immigration law; and it can foreground the deleterial consequences of the current immigration regime’s prioritization of deterrence and deportation for one of the most vulnerable segments of the US population for whom not even DACA can provide sufficient protection.

“THE THIN DELIGHTS OF MOONSHINE AND ROMANCE”. Romance, Tourism, and Realism in Hawthorne’s „The Marble Faun”

Author(s): Carlo Martinez / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Hawthorne’s involvement with the logic of the tourism of his day is a key aspect of his development as a fiction writer. Starting from a discussion of the early sketch “My Visit to Niagara” the article argues that the discourse of tourism, with its protocols and practices, is for Hawthorne a fertile breeding ground and conceptual framework for the elaboration of a new rationale and a new aesthetic for the fiction writing he calls “romance.” It then explores how tourism resonates in the romance which takes it as its central thematic concern: „The Marble Faun”. Hawthorne’s last completed long work of fiction represents a moment of artistic and personal crisis for the author, who finds his notion of romance writing caught in a sort of double bind created by the touristic nature of his stay in Italy. As the plot of the novel suggests, in his efforts to extricate himself from the situation, Hawthorne, envisioned and experimented with a new kind of writing that led him to revise and alter radically the romance form he had previously elaborated in favor of a much more realistic style of fiction.

Informacijsko – komunikacijska tehnologija u nastavi stranih jezika

Author(s): Jelena Bitunjac Lovrić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 13/2018

In the traditional learning method the teacher played the central part and was the focus of the teaching process, and the students had the role of passive listeners. The goal of contemporary foreign language classes is to develop intercultural communication competence in pupils and foster autonomous learning. The right choice of contemporary ICT (information and communications technology) can greatly affect student motivation and contribute to the quality of class time. This paper discusses the presence and the possibility of adopting ICT in foreign language class time.

Aspects of VP-internal scrambling: Evidence from Old English and Old Bulgarian

Author(s): Yana Chankova,Lachezar Perchekliyski / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Within an integrated Minimalist mode of enquiry this paper seeks to provide an account of VPinternal Scrambling in OE and OB, the main assumption being that VP-internal Scrambling applies optionally to raise the internal Argument that is more closely related to the verb into a phrasally-adjoined position in the left periphery of VP ‘lower’. The grammaticality of the scrambled order has been claimed to be contingent upon factors such as focus, stress, weight, definiteness, morphological and discourse status, animacy, idiomaticity. This study aims to investigate the way the above factors contribute to the acceptability of post-VP scrambled object orders in OE and OB ditransitives with verbs of the give-class, as well as to investigate the way such factors interact to produce inverted object orders and the way they interfere with the general linearization principles in both languages.

С. Банова. Езиково усвояване: вариации в параметрите при морфосинтактични реализации в междинния български език

Author(s): Yuliana Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018