„Universu-n rugăciune”: semnificaţii lirice şi câmpuri de viziune ale imaginii universului în lirica eminesciană

Author(s): Ilie Moisuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (20)/2014

This paper aims to analyze how the poetic sign universe function in the dynamic of the poetical imaginary and discourse of Eminescu.From our point of view, this poetic sign organizes three fields of vision and expression on the main idea of the connection between the universe and the human being.The first field of vision where the poetic sign universe occurs is the cosmological context and, in this case, it describes the totality of what exists, from three perspectives: as the field of being coming into existence from the primordial chaos, as autonomous level of existence (engaged in a sui generis movement) or as the totality of being about to turn into nonbeing, in an apocalyptical scenario. The verse stressing the best this poetic meaning is “Because is nonbeing’s dream, this chimerical universe” (The First Letter).The second great frame of vision organized by the poetic sign universe is connected to the human knowledge and being and describes either the content of the human conscience as the microcosm’s reflection of the entire existence, either the spiritual echo of the connection between human being and universe. The most representative verse for this field of vision is “With a universe above and with another universe inside” (Jealousy).In the third frame of vision and function, the poetic sign universe works as a connotative tool in order to emphasize some features of poetic situations or characters. The image of the universe is, therefore, used either to spotlight Arald’s greatness of the war dash or to stress the infinite power of the human conscience, in the case of the old teacher from The First Letter, either to catalyse the tension between two opposite poetic meanings as the opposition between appearance and essence or the opposition between matter and spirit. In this context, the most eloquent verse is “The infinite universe is in his little finger” (The First Letter).

„Utracone” i „odzyskane”. O dwóch wierszach Floriana Śmiei

Author(s): Marian Kisiel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Defining the subtle shades of nostalgia in the works of writers in exile, the author of the article discusses the category of venerable poetry by Florian Śmieja in the broad context (inter alia, of works by Adam Zagajewski, Czesław Miłosz, Zofia Bohdanowiczowa or Tadeusz Śliwiak). Employing the example of two poems, titled Ziemie utracone [The Lost Lands] and Spóźniona arka [The Late Ark], he shows the rescuing power of “sublime yearning” in the works of the poet, who has lived in Canada for many years.

„Veľký zošit“ Agoty Kristof a jeho filmová adaptácia: svedectvo o (ne)dobrovoľnej anestézii

Author(s): Markéta Andričíková,Peter Getlík / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

This study analyses the famous novel The Notebook (Le Grand Cahier, 1986) by the Hungarian-Swiss Francophone novelist Ágota Kristóf (1935–2011) and its film adaptation TheNotebook (A nagy füzet, 2013) directed by Hungarian film director János Szász, as the allegoryof “Big History”, as the recording of human tragedy (or the tragedy of human destructivenessand lust for power) and also the tragedy of the individual. We also focus on special narrativetechniques (1st person plural narrator, narrative voice as homo duplex), which are especiallysignificant in relation to brutal scenes of violence, sexual deviations, moral violations, and itsfilm transformation.

„Vícehlasí“ v českých lidových písních: několik textovělingvistických sond do jejich textury

Author(s): František Daneš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2012

This paper demonstrates the mutual relations between the various “voices” in Czech folk songs and the way in which these voices can be identified. The introductory section characterizes the specific features of the songs: the concision and condensation of their structure, as well as their emotionality of expression. The second section is devoted to the analysis of a selected corpus of folk songs from the perspective of heteroglossia. Their texture appears as a net of relations and functions which operate on different levels, stand in mutual complementarity, partly overlapping, and show differing relevance. Using methods of text linguistics, the author concentrates on two relations and functions – speech acts and compositional functions – as well as personal attitudes. The analysis focuses on utterances with the communicative function of appeal, i.e. on the interrogative and addressing turns which are quite frequent in Czech folk songs, on their interactive structure and modes of direct and indirect speech. The author shows that the song genre has two faces: it is a compact combination of verbal text and its musical part (the tune) which may appear to be uneven in their mutual relations. The last section deals with the phenomenon of intertextuality in the song structure.

„Vypadlo to, ale miserabel pro mne“ Vícejazyčnost v korespondenci Karla Havlíčka

Author(s): Petr Mareš / Language(s): Issue: 2/2015

This paper deals with the occurrence of other languages in the Czech correspondence of Karel Havlíček. Two sets of letters are analyzed: Letters written during Havlíček’s journey to Russia (1842–1844) and letters Havlíček sent to his brother from his confinement in Brixen (1851–1855). The letters from Russia in particular include elements from Latin, Russian and German. The various functions of these elements are described, e.g. Latin sayings primarily evoke contact with the equally educated addressees, while Russian words and phrases illustrate the specificity of the society Havlíček wrote about. German is dominant in the second set of letters. It is used as an integral component of Havlíček’s idiolect, as a means of semantic explanation or as testimony to conflicts with Austrian institutions.

„W imię naglących potrzeb literatury narodowej”. Tłumaczenie i żydowski nacjonalizm kulturowy w Europie Wschodniej

Author(s): Kenneth Moss / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2014

This essay examines the rhetoric and practice of translation in the Russian Empire’s Hebrew and Yiddish cultural communities and focuses on the intriguing fact that by 1917, many of the writers, critics, intellectuals, and publishers committed to a Jewish nationalist vision of Hebrew or Yiddish cultural renaissance were convinced that a massive program of literary translation was their most essential task. The study reconstructs the guiding translation program of this divided intelligentsia, which posited a universal canon of European and even world literature that had to be incorporated whole into Hebrew and Yiddish literature systematically and rapidly, without any sort of Judaization or popularization, and with an emphasis on the expansion of the expressive capacities of the target language and its writers. The essay traces how this commitment was expressed and embodied in translation theory, practices of selection and publishing, and in several acts of translation themselves. It further demonstrates how this translation program and its practices were linked to a larger vision of programmatic ‘de-Judaization’ or ‘de-parochialization’ of Hebrew and Yiddish culture propounded by some of the most committed Hebraists and Yiddishists in Russia. Finally, it argues that this translation program expresses a more general and seemingly paradoxical variant of East European Jewish cultural nationalism which held that a modern Jewish national culture could only be truly worthwhile and compelling to modern creators and consumers if it was universal in its expressive potentials and demarcated from other national cultures by language rather than content.

„W JAKI SPOSÓB WZMOCNIĆ U NAS JĘZYKOZNAWSTWO?”. LINGWISTYKA POLSKA W WYPOWIEDZIACH UCZONYCH Z LAT 1918–1919

Author(s): Mirosław Skarżyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2014

The Józef Mianowski Fund was a private institution that had systematically supported Polish scholars and their research since 1881, in the period when a Polish state did not exist. In 1917, it announced a questionnaire to determine, in the new political situation, the state and needs of various scientific disciplines studied in Poland and by Polish scholars in Europe. Collected from the answers of 90 scholars representing various disciplines, the results were meant to help direct the actions of the Fund in the country reborn after a period of partition. The paper presents the views of linguists Jan Rozwadowski, Kazimierz Nitsch, Stanisław Szober, and Aleksander Brückner, on the state of Polish linguistics of the time, and their proposals for research projects, needs in the area of scientific literature, organizational actions, and education of linguists and popularization of linguistics. Their articles show a realistic evaluation of the state of Polish linguistic science, and very clearly specified plans aimed at raising Polish linguistics to the European level.

„W jesień wiodący zaułek”- o doświadczeniu melancholicznym w wierszu Do pożegnanej Andrzeja Trzebińskiego

Author(s): Justyna Kłapacz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

In the modest, surviving the fires of the Warsaw uprising, literary output of Andrzej Trzebiński, the editor of “Sztuka i Naród”, the poem Do pożegnanej has a remarkable place. The terms of loss and desolation summoned in it as well as its catastrophic and destructive overtone, actualise the poem’s interpretation in the melancholic spirit. The confrontation of the poem’s content with the statements of such experts on the topic as: Sigmund Freud, Julia Kristeva, Antoni Kępiński or Marek Bieńczyk makes possible the noticing of the melancholic dimensi on of the poem on a lingual, imaginary and metaphorical level.

„W lesie słów się zgubiłam” – o ciszy w poezji Antonia Colinasa i Zbigniewa Herberta

Author(s): Maria Judyta Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The objective of this comparative article is to present the similarity of poetic concepts of Antonio Colinas and Zbigniew Herbert. The poets did not know each other, there are no traces of mutual influences to be found in their poetic output either, however, they both seemed to be equally connected with the Mediterranean culture. This article concentrates on the meaning of silence in their poetry seen as a necessary supplement to the art of words, hope for saving the sense from ambiguity and hubbub of words. Insufficiency of both the accessible language and silence inspires the poets to seek a form of expression that could satisfy human needs, “the unattainable language.” The search, between the word and silence, is manifested in the poetic works of Colinas and Herbert.

„W naszym timie…” – kilka uwag o socjolekcie korporacyjnym

Author(s): Alina Naruszewicz-Duchlińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2016

The goal of the paper is to present the various distinguishing features of corporate jargon, together with their probable causes. The sources of the material are internet websites devoted to the informal variety of language adopted by Polish divisions of international corporations. It has been established that the most distinct features of the analysed sociolect are overuse of borrowings from English and of Polish-English hybrids, and playful Polonisation of foreign expressions.

„W przestrzeń bezgraniczną marzeniem mknę skrzydlatem…”. O przestrzeni w wybranych lirykach Zdzisława Dębickiego

Author(s): Bartłomiej Borek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2018

Poetycka twórczość Zdzisława Dębickiego (1871‒1931) to przykład pisarstwa korzystającego z różnych poetyk, co przejawiało się w wielorakim charakteryzowaniu składających się na nią przestrzeni. Autor Nocy bezsennych, uważany za poetę minorum gentium, umiejętnie wykorzystywał literackie dokonania ówczesnych poetów, powołując do istnienia obszary, pełniące jednocześnie funkcję ekspresji własnej podmiotowości artystycznej. Czytanie liryków Dębickiego pozwala na zestawienie intymnych zwierzeń podmiotu lirycznego z ogołoconą z bogactwa opisu pustą przestrzenią. Przestrzeń, jako jedna z kategorii epistemologiczno-ontologicznych, nie jest dla poety jedynie narzędziem służącym tworzeniu atrakcyjnego obrazka, ale przede wszystkim stanowi asumpt do dociekań poznawczych.

„W stronę biografii totalnej?” Buty Ikara Mariana Buchowskiego wobec projektu pisarskiego Edwarda Stachury – szkic krytyczny

Author(s): Borys Szumański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2015

This critical sketch is dedicated to a new biography of Edward Stachura by Marian Buchowski. A writer like Stachura, whose work is very closely intertwined with his life (at least in his declarations) is a challenging protagonist for a biography. In this article, attempts are made at following the way in which Buchowski tries to bring out another human being in the text. His ideas are juxtaposed and confronted with Stachura’s own life-and-art ideas, as to him looking for various methods of recording existence was among the crucial goals of writing. As a result, the thesis is put forward that some sort of a writer’s “totality” is a feature linking Stachura and Buchowski. In this context, the biography written by Buchowski is not only of importance to research into Stachura’s writing but also a significant countersignature of his work.

„W świecie słów i znaczeń: Słowotwórstwo apelatywne i onomastyczne" [sprawozdanie]

Author(s): Joanna Ginter / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

„Walcząc o swoje pisanie, walczę o życie” – o kolekcjach reportaży Melchiora Wańkowicza

Author(s): Beata Nowacka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In her article, the author attempts to describe a few works by Melchior Wańkowicz, a reporter and a writer, best known for his monumental Bitwa o Monte Cassino (The Battle of Monte Cassino). Drawing upon the terminology elaborated by Manfred Sommer, she concludes that, at the final stage of his life, Wańkowicz turns into a “gatherer” who revisits and reorders his earlier writings to compose new collections. Although the reportages in question vary in terms of their artistic quality, the consistency and doggedness of their author who, approaching the end, still deals with his prolific literary output, is striking. For Wańkowicz writing had always been raison d’être, and the sense of the end looming on the horizon contributed largely to rekindling of his creative powers. A tentative hypothesis put forward by the author suggests that the method of composition peculiar to Wańkowicz (a literary mosaic) may be seen as another variant of the anthology.

„Wartość dodana”: o tłumaczeniu polskich elementów kulturowych we francuskim przekładzie powieści Wszystkie języki świata Zbigniewa Mentzla

Author(s): Magdalena Mitura / Language(s): Issue: 26/2014

The paper discusses broad elements of the procedure of amplification occurring during the translation of Polish cultural references into French. The analysis covered only those techniques which come as a consequence of the translation process itself, as they stem from different historical and social experiences of the reader of the original and reader of the translated text, and not from asymmetries of the two language systems. A review of translator’s decisions, including various kinds of explicitation and translator’s notes, also demonstrates that such explanations constitute an “added value”, for they prove to be a culture‑forming operation which is a prerequisite for understanding foreign reality by the target audience.

„Wejść między sforę” – projekt duchowości zwierząt: Mickiewicz – Emerson

Author(s): Justyna Schollenberger / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2010

This article is an attempted analysis of the concept of animal spirituality as proposed by Adam Mickiewicz in his Paris lectures. The Mickiewicz presentation is juxtaposed with Ralph Waldo Emerson’s thought and romanticist vision of nature. The category of empathy and the idea of man’s mystical tie with the entire world come to the forefront. A theory of lost bond with the world of animals is presented, forming a premise for criticism of rationalistic concepts concerning animals and for commendation of a romantic vision of the world.

„Weltliteratur“ in deutscher Übersetzung

Author(s): Ulrike Jekutsch / Language(s): German Issue: 7/2016

The concept of “world literature“, which was coined by Wieland and Goethe, gained in popularity in the second half of the 19th century, when it was constructed primarily as a term describing the quality of an author or a work of national literature. Since the end of the 20th century the term has been discussed again in the context of globalization in cultural and postcolonial studies. The article presents a short overview of the history of interpretations of the term “world literature” and explores the textual strategies used in old and new anthologies of “world literature” in order to point out the actual conceptualization of the term.

„Wenn du einträtest ins Land der Auferstandenen, was war?": Todesdeutungen in gewählten Gedichten von Johannes Kühn

Author(s): Ewa Anna Piasta / Language(s): German Issue: 23/2014

The article is devoted to the poetic output of a contemporary German poet Johannes Kuhn. The analysis encompasses six poems concerned with the problem of death and dying. Its aim is to capture Kiihn's characteristic way of talking about this problem. The poet makes use of biblical motifs, whose meaning, however, he modifies to show a particular aspect he wants to focus on. The lyrics display a belief in the possibility of the soul's existence after death, but also without hope for the communion with God. Processes taking place in nature are used as an image of human condition. By death, Kuhn understands not only physical death, but also loneliness and being forsaken by others (social aspect of death), and being enslaved by destructive emotions, such as shame.

„Where writing runs into death…” Ars moriendi nova in Wolfgang Herrndorfs Blog Arbeit und Struktur (2010-2013)

Author(s): Katarzyna Jaśtal / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2017

The aim of this article is to discuss Wolfgang Herrndorf’s (1965-2013) weblog Arbeit und Struktur, published in book form in 2013, as an autothanatographic text, i.e. autobiographical writing that focuses on the individual’s coming to terms with terminal illness and death. Arbeit und Struktur is an account of the last three years of Herrndorf’s life (from when he was diagnosed with a brain tumor until his death). His blog is analyzed as a literary document of ars moriendi nova, which questions religious traditions, abandons the hope for life after death, pleads for the right for euthanasia in the face of an unbearable suffering and irreversible illness, and substitutes the need to reconfirm the link with God, which is characteristic of traditional forms of ars moriendi, with the need to reconfirm the values held throughout one’s life.

„Wieść o strasznych i dziwnych wypadkach w Żwirowie”. Gotycyzm {Zaklętego dworu} Walerego Łozińskiego

Author(s): Dariusz Dziurzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2010

The {Accursed Mansion} by Walery Łoziński (1859) is a major modification of the Gothic convention in the Polish novel prose of the XIX century. The author moves the plot from a distant or imaginary story into the time of the reader. The exotic of place is substituted with a colourless and provincial locality. He simplifies the thriller plot developing at the same time the factor of the rational secret regarding the process of building knowledge of the portrayed reality. He leaves the stereotype of a Gothic villain on the shelf and focuses on sociological and ethnological reasons for human hatred and revenge. The typical place of action − an ancient castle − transforms into a nobleman’s manor, an archetype of the Polish home. But he makes the motif of the supernatural being in the form of spectre the most important element of the paraphrase of classic Gothicism. The ancient stranger from the beyond becomes ultimately, after the stage of pseudofantastic masquerade, a human phantom, who has renounced his humanity for the benefit of the absolute of the conspiracy. What terrifies on the pages of the {Accursed Mansion}, seems to be a Gothic allegory of a conspirator, a human incarnation of inhumanly understood ideology. The Gothicism in the {Accursed Mansion} is not only a symbolic costume and a metaphor of the conspirational attitude, as the former interpreters liked to see it, but also an axiological dimension of the romantic thought on the national independence.