GLOCALIZATION OR "LOOKING IN BOTH DIRECTIONS"
The paper analyses and compares glocalization and GILT processes in general and also applied to website localization. Glocalization is considered from several perspectives.
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The paper analyses and compares glocalization and GILT processes in general and also applied to website localization. Glocalization is considered from several perspectives.
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La ţigănci [With the Gypsy Girls] by Mircea Eliade is one of the texts that enjoyed several versions in different artistic languages – theatrical, musical ones, cartoons, film projects, audiobooks –, although its thematic universe is far from the entertainment area. This fact confirms the richness of the literary text and the possibility of its transposition/translation into different semiotic codes, preserving at the same time its ideational content.
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The present paper aims at presenting the research methodological risks for creating a Romanian-English contrastive collection of food idioms and proverbs. This instrument intends to make use of new scientific lexicographical methods in the field of phraseology, providing an answer to the challenge regarding the research strategies of studying language from the perspective of cultural universals. Although the cross-linguistic similarities of idioms according to their cultural foundations seem to gain ground in today's research, phraseological collections are less convincing. In response to the current situation of the onomasiological cross-linguistic corpus of idioms, our Romanian-English contrastive collection of food idioms and proverbs exceeds the perspective of a simple compilation of phrasemes that are separately treated and alphabetically ordered, but organised as organic elements related to a coherent system. We consider that, due to the essential position that food idioms and proverbs hold in the reflection of the mechanisms of language expressivity, compiling a Romanian-English collection is very productive.A contrastive collection of food idioms, will illustrate the main dimensions of the phrasemes which reveal, on the one hand, conceptual structures and metaphorical modes of conceptualizing the world, and, on the other hand, “cultural taxons” based on social interaction, phenomena of material culture, intertextual phenomena, fictive conceptual domains, cultural symbols. The contrastive approach of this project, focusing the attention on Romanian and English language, enables us to answer more precisely various questions concerning the relationship between language and culture and questions regarding potential explanations of cross-linguistic similarities of idioms – be they genetic affiliation, the increasing influence of English upon other languages or the “common European cultural heritage”, as well as to define the theoretical and methodological questions more clearly.This contrastive collection can be a useful research tool for linguists, anthropologists and for the general public interested in the English and Romanian languages, taking into account their expressiveness and documentary significance, which occasions the spotlighting of some fundamental constructs of the European mentality.
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Notre recherche propose une approche sémiotique de l’altérité au niveau du discours economique, défini, de manière générique, comme le discours portant sur les problèmes pécuniaires. L’altérité est décrite dans le cadre d’un modèle chronotopique, dans un contexte culturel comprenant plusieurs axes de référence (séries chronotopiques): la dimension ethnique, la dimension de la corporalité, la composante corporatiste et celle des protocoles de la communication. On analise les représentations de l’altérité configurées au niveau du parler d’un îlot linguistique propre à la minorité ethnique et culturelle des Csango de Roumanie
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In The obsession of the "inner doors": The motif of non-place in Paul Goma's prison writing there are highlighted the main theoretical ideas related to Heidegger's concept of "place-of-opening", which became the sine qua non condition of being. At the same time, the interpretation of correlative couple existential significance "here-there" is emphasized as a mark of the relation place / non-place. The impact of the phenomenon on writing Romanian dissident since 1945, is being studied as one of the few opportunities to escape from communist totalitarian space.The option to interpret the work of Paul Goma is the fact that his destiny is an emblematic case of dissent of the Romanian culture. In this context, the study of the novel "The obsessive decade", which describes the picture of a devourer of space, will outline the split image of the personality, driven by the passion of writing, caught in its path of transition from a world subject to terror, towards a possible "paradise" which remains always suspended.Beyond the theoretical components, text analysis is imperative of the novels Ostinato, Uşa noastră cea de toate zilele, and În cerc, where the narrative technique and logic of the included Third, the irreparable destruction of the identity is revealed. The physical confinement outlines a parabolic path, determined by the necessity of forcing the inner "doors" and the creation of others, by returning to his own inner self. The research will highlight dissent chimerical image re-entry into freedom, emphasizing, through interdisciplinary philosophical and literary analysis, the problem of non-place. Enclosed in the "interior" in search of that "dwell-in" the gomian ego endures a psychological space and time, building under the eyelids "o imago mundi".
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The show Uniformes de général staged by Stéphane Verrue en 1984, en France, an adaptation by Benoît Vîtse of Mircea Eliad’s homonymous text, represents one of the successful examples of translating a literary text into the language of the theatre show. The interview with Benoît Vîtse is an almost archaeological investigation, one of reconstruction of this/his show and of the atmosphere inspired by the original text.
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Cette recherche envisage les symboles, les complexes pshychologiques ou les mythes qui se reflètent dans l'écriture confessive. Pour pouvoir être décrypté, le journal intime exige la participation du lecteur. Du point du vue de Mircea Mihăieş, l'intime nécessite l'adhésion au champ sémantique du mystère, de la protection, du secret, du camouflage, comme un ensemble plus large de l`intimisme: reflet d'un état d'esprit, d’une attitude, d’une façon d'être. Chaque écrit confessif est empreint des propres fantasmes de l’auteur, de ses angoisses existentielles, qu’il essaie d’exorciser par l’acte d’écrire. Eugen Simion voit le diariste comme un Œdipe, abandonné dans une forêt de symbols – peut-on ajouter. Cette recherche se propose à mettre en lumière les mythes de Narcis, Persée, Proteus, Sisyphe, les symboles du miroir, du labyrinthe, le complexe de Faust, le syndrome Villon dans le discours de la confession. Les symboles du cercle, d'égarement dans le labyrinthe, l'intersection se produisent d'ailleurs, dans le mythe négatif du journal intime. Le point central de cette magie noire de la confession reste le mythe du Créateur qui projette autour de soi l’ombre de son narcissisme afin de se sauver
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The article reconstructs the history of the official visits of the members of the monarchicfamilies to the Metropolitan Cathedral of Kishinev, starting with the visit, from 1818, of the TsarAlexander I and until 1942, the last presence of the King Mihai I. In Kishinev arrived the three tsars andthe one tsarina from Russia, the kings and the queens from Romania, the great dukes and duchesses,princes and princesses, all of them respected the same cultural, political and religious protocol plannedto take place in the perimeter of the elegant cult building. With these exceptional occasions and asa sign of loyalty, the whole city wore festive clothes, the streets were brightly lit, a new architecturaljewel appeared in the form of a triumphal gate. From today’s perspective, the history of royal visits as aunitary image shows in itself a remarkable and fascinating story.
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Applying conceptual blending theory, the paper analyses the construction of the meaning of a satirical text ridiculing the language employed by politicians to frame the debate on current political and social issues. In particular, it focuses on the language used by Donald Trump in explaining his anti-immigration stances through a poem based on the fable about the farmer and the viper, and a satirical text providing a new version of the poem, which criticizes Trump’s immigration policy. The paper examines the creation of the humorous meaning of the text in conceptual blending. The humorous meaning is created in the blended space due to the unusual combination of related structures, which results in incongruity (Coulson 2002; Marín-Arrese 2003). Furthermore, as blending can be used as a rhetorical tool influencing the audience to change the reality and even act upon it (Coulson 2006; Coulson & Oakley 2006; Coulson & Pascual 2006; Oakley & Coulson 2008), the analysis of the construction of the meaning of the satirical text as a product of conceptual blending can reveal rhetorical and argumentative goals in political discourse.
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Ferdinand von Saar's novella Der „Exzellenzherr“ is a very compact text, depicting thecomplexity of the culture and history of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy during the 19thcentury. This text hints to ancient myths and uses onomastic symbols from the Bible to showhow the idealistic visions of the protagonist, his „golden dream“ and his „paradise garden“ breakdown under the historical reality. Indirectly the novella also depicts the final period of theAustrian-Hungarian Empire. Although apparently it deals with love and marriage, the realintention of the novella is to depict the ethical and cultural history of the Austrian-Hungarianmonarchy.
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The present paper presents some methodological aspects of teaching scientific and technical vocabulary to civil engineer students. We start from general mind-language associations while teaching and studying a foreign language and we contrastively pass to the constraints imposed by the mono-referentiality of the scientifical and technical vocabulary. The acquisition of the vocabulary of a foreign language and its preservation by students is based, among other things, on the associations that are formed between the words and expressions of the mother tongue and the words of the new language. Such associations can be formed between common words of the mother tongue with the studied language; among words identical in pronunciation as the words of the mother tongue but different in meaning; between words of the studied language, which by pronunciation and meaning remind of other words learned in that language and brand-new words.
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The present study aimed at exploring the influence of a repeated exposure to the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) on EFL learners’ level of metacognitive awareness. Participants of the study were forty intermediate university students who were randomly assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group completed MALQ in odd sessions (seven sessions in total) across a semester. The control group, on the other hand, completed it in the first and last sessions of the course as pre-test and post-test, respectively. Results of the study showed that the questionnaire benefited the experimental group in a statistically significant way. Also, findings of the study revealed that less-skilled participants of the experimental groups benefited from the treatment more in comparison to their more-skilled counterparts in the experimental group.
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The first Russian-Turkish phrasebook by O. Senkovsky of 1828 (and 1854) was primarily important for the Russian reader of his time as a language guide, which provided a number of topics and necessary phrases for simple conversation, in order to get information about the terrain, communication routes and enemy troops. At the same time, the phrase book provided additional information about he foreign country, not limited to detailing the world of things, but often setting a peaceful emotional tonality of communication. Thus, the phrasebook guided, limited and directed the user's behavioral choice towards constructive communication and cooperation. Despite some unavoidable gaps of implementing this pioneering idea, its positive role in optimizing the intercultural dialogue between representatives of both conflicting parties and local people in a number of typical situations can hardly be overestimated. Although the phrasebook is sometimes biased when contrasting the ideal of a Russian warrior with a more realistic image of the enemy, in the historical aspect it is valuable as a source of information about the country and population, the culture and everyday life of the Ottoman Empire in the first third of the XIX century.
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It cannot be denied that Animal Farm of George Orwell is one of the most prominent novels or novellas of the twentieth century written in the form of allegory. It was published in England on 17th August 1945 for the first time. Later, this work has been translated into many languages world-wide.
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This study is devoted to a doctrinal and philological analysis of Richard Fishacre’s commentary on distinction 26 in Pierre Lombard’s first Book of Sentences. The subject of this distinction is the nature of the relationship in the Trinity: how, then, can one speak of a relationship in God while safeguarding its simplicity? To see how Fishacre has resolved this question, we have first supplied the background to this distinction. First, we looked at the doctrine of relationship according to St. Augustine, being the author who bequeathed to posterity the language and reflection to resolve objections against simplicity and divine immutability. Next, we have analysed the contributions of Peter Abelard and Gilbert de la Porrée, because, even within their limits, they marked a turning point in Trinitarian speculation with the use of dialectics and metaphysics. We have continued our study, dwelling on Fishacre’s Trinitarian reflection and how, having in mind the difficulty Gilbert de la Porrée found himself in, he proposed an identity relationship of the subsisting relation (quod est) to the essence (quo est). We concluded our study with the figure of Thomas Aquinas to show, in the ten years that separated them, not only the evolution of the literary genre of the commentary of the Sentences, but a more mature and rigorous elaboration of the Trinitarian doctrine. Finally, the influence exerted by Hugues de Saint-Cher on Fishacre led us to transcribe Hugues’ commentary and show the differences and autonomy of Fishacre. After having collated the 10 handwritten witnesses for the first book of Sentences, philological analysis enabled us firstly to note a common archetype and secondly to identify two branches of the textual tradition, one of which (Ω) proved to be closer to the archetype than the text of the Ψ model.
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Przedmiotem analizy są wizualno-werbalne przenośnie publicystyczne, które widnieją na okładkach polskich tygodników opinii. Dzięki walorowi naoczności to właśnie figury wizualno-werbalne pozwalają najłatwiej (i najszybciej) uchwycić powtarzalne sposoby ujmowania świata polityki oraz charakterystyczne cechy przenośni publicystycznych. Analizując wybrane metafory multimodalne, które odnoszą się do politycznych przywódców, partnerów i przeciwników, ukazujemy świat polityki jako pewną strukturę (na którą składa się wymiar wertykalny, czyli relacja nadrzędności i podrzędności oraz wymiar horyzontalny, czyli podział sceny politycznej na różne strony i ugrupowania). W analizowanych przenośniach polityka jest też ukazywana jako przestrzeń akcji (rywalizacji i widowiska), której głównymi uczestnikami – w warunkach demokracji parlamentarnej – są czołowi przedstawiciele najważniejszych partii. W omawianych metaforach uwidaczniają się także główne cechy przekazów prasowych, które mają przykuwać uwagę odbiorcy słowem i obrazem oraz pomysłowym ujęciem podejmowanych tematów. Zebrany materiał potwierdza i dopełnia wnioski formułowane przy analizie językowych przenośni publicystycznych (jako sposobu ujmowania tego, co mniej konkretne, środka pozyskiwania uwagi odbiorcy i kształtowania społecznych przekonań oraz wykładnika utrwalanego obrazu świata). // The subject of the analysis is the visual and verbal journalistic metaphors which appear on the covers of opinion weeklies. Thanks to the fact that they can be seen, it is just the visual and verbal figures that allow grasping (in the easiest and fastest way) the characteristic features of journalistic metaphors and the ways, in which the world of politics is perceived. The selected multimodal metaphors, which reference the characters of political leaders, partners and opponents, present the world of politics as a structure (which consists of vertical aspect – the relationship between the superordinate and subordinate, and horizontal aspect – the division of the political scene into various parties and formations). In the metaphors analysed, politics is also presented as a space for action (rivalry and spectacle), whose main participants – in terms of parliamentary democracy – are the main representatives of the major parties. The discussed metaphors also show the main characteristics of press coverage, which are supposed to attract the attention of the audience by the means of text, images and a clever approach to the presented topics. The material collected for the study confirms and completes the conclusions formulated during the analysis of linguistic journalistic metaphors (as a means of capturing what is less concrete, as a means of attracting the viewer’s attention, and as an exponent of the recorded world image).
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Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza leksemu płaskoziemiec w języku polskim pod kątem jego znaczenia słownikowego i użyć korpusowych oraz ich wzajemnych relacji. Autor na wstępie przedstawia różnice formalne w budowie wyrazu w języku polskim, angielskim i serbskim, aby na tej podstawie przejść do różnic semantycznych zachodzących w obrębie zarysowanego obszaru badawczego. Następnie zaś praca stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jaki sposób użytkownicy analizowanych języków konceptualizują badany wyraz oraz na ile jest to determinowane przez styl wypowiedzi i jej charakterystykę gatunkowa. W tym celu zebrany materiał poddano analizie profilowej według modelu zaproponowanego przez Annę Wierzbicką i Jerzego Bartmińskiego. W badaniu wzięto pod uwagę zmienne wartości konotacyjne leksemu i sposoby jego wartościowania w konkretnych użyciach kontekstowych. Praca zwraca uwagę na to, w jakim stopniu kwestie zewnętrznojęzykowe, takie jak polityka, społeczeństwo i kultura wpływają na modyfikację znaczeniową leksemu w różnych kręgach językowych. // The aim of this article is to analyze the meaning of the lexeme flat-earther in the Polish language. In order to achieve this objective, this study investigates differences in the way this word is conceptualized by native speakers in Polish, English and Serbian languages. The analysis was performed in accordance with the method of profiling introduced by Anna Wierzbicka and Jerzy Bartmiński. Based on that, author concluded that the linguistic picture of this lexeme, its emotional values and possible connotation are determined by social, political and cultural circumstances.
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Radical communication largely characterizes W. H. Gass’s The Tunnel. The novel incorporates many forms of radical speech and thought, it unfolds a number of radically charged issues of public and private life. It features a multitude of innovative experimental techniques and, in many instances, it demonstrates predominance of language and form over the content. In this paper, we have ascertained that the authenticity and multitude of radical communication forms in the said novel can essentially be grasped in terms of disjointing the Ich-Erzähler’s narrative voice and the authorial one. It has been ascertained that the sincerity in narrative largely governs its radical content while the book’s radical composition and radical language and style form the second set of the radical communication styles in the novel, reflecting Gass’s bent on experimental fiction. In the paper, the following radical communication style varieties have been singled out: “breaking the narrative monotony,” “hate intensifying,” “filial unwillingness to forgive,” “revulsion invoking,” “provoking indecipherability/unreadability,” “accentuated total criticism,” or “downgrading metanarratives,” “ambivalent portrayal of the war and Holocaust,” “pictorial communication style,” “communication style of radically structured composition,” “communication style of verbal adornment,” “embellishment,” “conceit” (as a figure of speech).
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